Auto mazwi
Injini piston - chii uye kuti chii
Injini dzemazuva ano dzekupisa mukati dzakaoma mukugadzira zvichienzaniswa neadzo dzakaitwa mumazuva ekutanga eindasitiri yemotokari. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti vagadziri vanoisa mamwe emagetsi masisitimu pamagetsi emagetsi kuti ave nechokwadi chekugadzikana, hupfumi uye kugona. Pasinei nehunyengeri hwemagetsi emagetsi, dhizaini yeinjini yekupisa mukati haina kuchinja zvakanyanya. Zvinhu zvikuru zvechikwata ndezvi: Crank mechanism; Cylinder piston boka; kutora uye kupera kakawanda; Gasi rekugovera nzira; Engine lubrication system. Matanho akadai se crank uye gasi kugovera kunofanirwa kuwiriraniswa. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nedhiraivha. Inogona kuva bhandi kana cheni. Imwe neimwe injini node inoita basa rinokosha, pasina iyo yakagadzikana kushanda (kana kunyange kushanda) kwesimba remagetsi hazvibviri. Chimbofunga kuti piston inoita basa rei mumotokari, pamwe chete nemaitiro ayo. Chii chinonzi injini piston? Izvi…
Iwe unogonawo kufarira
Sedan - ndedzipi mota uye ndedzipi mhando
Kuisa inoshanda yekudzimisa sisitimu
Gearbox kugadzirisa
Chii chinonzi odometer uye ndeyei
Kuchiri kure here? Mubvunzo uyu unowanzobva kumutyairi paanenge achityaira munzvimbo dzaasingazivi. Zvakaoma zvikuru kuziva nguva chaiyo yekutyaira munyaya iyi - hazvizivikanwi kuti kunaka kwemugwagwa ndekupi uye kana kune majam emigwagwa pairi. Asi daro rasara rinogona kuzivikanwa. Nechinangwa ichi, odometer yakaiswa mumotokari. Chii ichi mudziyo? Inorekodha sei nhambwe yafambwa uye ndeipi njodzi yekuparara kwayo? Ngatikurukurei iyi nemimwe mibvunzo mukutevedzana. Chii chinonzi odometer? Odometer inhamba inoyera nhambwe yafambwa nemotokari. Yakaiswa mudhibhodhi mudhipatimendi reiyo speedometer (hwindo muchiyero charo kuti rione zviri nani). Mudziyo uri papanera unoratidzika sehwindo rine nhamba. Muchinyakare…
Ndeapi mahubhu uye ndeapi iwo
Iyo hubhu yemotokari chikamu chakakosha chechasisi. Panguva yekushanda, inotora mitoro inorema, uye inopawo hukama hwakavimbika hwevhiri nekumisa uye mabhureki zvikamu. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti mahubs chii, mudziyo wavo uye kugadzirisa dambudziko. Chii chinonzi hub A hub inzvimbo inobatanidza chikamu chinotakura kune kumira, kuitira kutenderera kwekusununguka kwevhiri. Nheyo yekushanda inoitwa nekubereka rollers inobvumira vhiri uye brake disc kutenderera. Nekuda kwekutakura, gumbo rine kugona kutenderera. Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa, hubhu inogona kusanganiswa neiyo brake disc uye chigubhu. Zvakare, iyo hubhu inogona kusanganisira iyo ABS sensor, mavhiri emakumbo, ABS mizinga. Yakareruka hub gadziriso inogadzirwa zvakasiyana kubva pakubereka. Sei uchida…
Injini dzeGDI: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zveinjini dzeGDI
Kuvandudza kushanda kwemasimba emagetsi, vagadziri vakagadzira nzira itsva dzejekiseni remafuta. Imwe yeakanyanya hunyanzvi ndeye gdi jekiseni. Chii, ndezvipi zvakanakira uye pane zvipingamupinyi here? Chii chinonzi GDI jekiseni system yemotokari Ichi chipfupiso chinoshandiswa neinjini dzemamwe makambani, semuenzaniso, KIA kana Mitsubishi. Kune mamwe mabhureki, sisitimu iyi inonzi 4D (yemotokari dzeJapan Toyota), iyo yakakurumbira Ford Ecoboost ine yakanyanya kuderera kushandiswa, FSI - yevamiriri veiyo WAG kunetseka. Mota, painjini iyo imwe yeaya mavara ichamira, ichave yakashongedzerwa jekiseni rakananga. Iyi tekinoroji inowanikwa kune peturu mayuniti, nekuti injini yedhiziri ine yakananga mafuta ekupa kune macylinders nekukasira. Zvikasadaro, hazvishande. Yakananga jekiseni injini...
Iwe unogonawo kufarira
Chii chinonzi kombi?
Chii chinonzi transfer kesi uye ndeichii
Gearbox kugadzirisa
Flywheel: kunyangwe uye yakavimbika injini kuita
Iyo injini yekupisa yemukati inoramba iri iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya powertrain mumotokari nhasi. Nechikamu ichi, unogona kuvhara chero chinhambwe uye kunakidzwa nerwendo pasina kupedza nguva yakawanda uchiwedzera mafuta mutangi. Nekudaro, kuti utange mota uye kuve nechokwadi chekusimudzira, inofanirwa kuve nechikamu chakakosha. Iri ivhiri. Funga kuti nei ichidiwa mumotokari, ndeapi marudzi emavhiri anobhururuka aripo, uyewo kuti ungashandisa sei zvakanaka kuitira kuti irege kukundikana mberi kwenguva. Chii chinonzi injini yemotokari flywheel? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, injini flywheel idhisiki ine giya remhete. Yakagadziriswa kune imwe mugumo we crankshaft. Ichi chikamu chinobatanidza injini uye kutapurirana kwemotokari. Kuti torque ifambiswe zvakanaka kune inoenderana gearbox kumhanya, pakati pemaitiro ...
Chii chinonzi kutakura. Ngatiswededzei kumberi strut (shock absorber) mumota
Kuturika mumotokari kunodiwa kwete chete kuwedzera kunyaradza paunenge uchityaira, asiwo kuchengetedza zvikamu zvakakosha nemagungano izvo zvinokurumidza kuputsika nekugara uchizununguka. Kumiswa kwemotokari kunotora uye kunonyorovesa mabampu ese emumugwagwa. Nekudaro, kuitira kuti kuvhunduka kufambiswe zvishoma kumuviri, madhamu anodiwa. Nechinangwa ichi, mudziyo wemuchina unopa kuvepo kwekukanda mabheji. Tichaona kuti nei vachidiwa, kuti tingaziva sei kuti vane mhosva, uye kuti tingavatsiva sei. Chii chinonzi support bear Tsvimbo inonamirwa pachikamu ichi kuburikidza neburi repakati, uye chitubu chinomira pandiro yakaiswa mundiro. Ichi chikamu chine chimiro chekubereka chine chinhu chinonyorovesa chinopa kuwedzera kunyorova ...
Ceramic pads: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, wongororo
Kubva pakusikwa kwemotokari dzinozvifambisa, zvave zvakafanira kugadzira michina inobvumira mutyairi kumisa mota nenguva. Mukufambisa kwemazuva ano, iyi haisisiri nzira, asi hurongwa hwose hunosanganisira nhamba yakawanda yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa kukurumidza kuderedzwa kunokwanisika mukumhanya kwemotokari kana mudhudhudhu. Iyo inoshanda uye passive kuchengetedza sisitimu inosanganisira akawanda zvikamu, kusanganisira iyo brake. Chishandiso chavo chinosanganisira mutsara unofamba nawo brake fluid, brake silinda (imwe master silinda ine vacuum booster uye imwe yevhiri rimwe nerimwe), dhisiki (mumotokari dzebhajeti, mhando yedhiramu inoshandiswa paaxle yekumashure, yaunogona kuverenga. nezve zvakadzama mune imwe wongororo), caliper (kana dhisiki mhando yakashandiswa) uye mapedhi. Kana mota yadzikira (isisiri kushandiswa…
Horo sensor: musimboti wekushanda, mhando, kunyorera, maitiro ekutarisa
Nekushanda kwakanaka kwemasisitimu ese emota yemazuvano, vagadziri vanoshongedza mota nemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi ane zvakawanda zvakanakira pamusoro pemagetsi zvinhu. Sensor imwe neimwe yakakosha zvikuru kune kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mumushini. Funga nezvezvimiro zvehoro sensor: ndeapi marudzi aripo, iyo huru malfunctions, musimboti wekushanda uye kwaunoshandiswa. Chii chinonzi Hall sensor mumotokari Iyo Hall sensor idiki mudziyo une electromagnetic musimboti wekushanda. Kunyangwe mumotokari dzekare dzeSoviet mota indasitiri, aya ma sensor anowanikwa - anodzora kushanda kweinjini yepeturu. Kana malfunctions ichionekwa mumudziyo, injini inozorasikirwa nekugadzikana. Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakushanda kweiyo ignition system, kugovera kwezvikamu mugasi rekugovera michina, nezvimwe. Kuti unzwisise izvo zvinokanganisa zvine chekuita nekutadza kwesensor, ...
Chii chinonzi simba rebhiza uye rinoverengerwa sei?
Simba reinjini dzinopisa mukati rinoratidzwa nezwi rokuti "horsepower". Kurongeka uku kuripo mune ese metric uye imperial masisitimu, asi haana kunyatsofanana. Zvishoma kazhinji, kilowatt (kW) yekumaka inoshandiswa kuratidza iyi parameter, semuenzaniso, kuAustralia. Chii chinonzi "horsepower"? Chirevo che "horsepower" chinotoenderana nesimba risingaperi rebhiza rimwe. Iyi parameter inotsanangurwa sesimba rinodiwa kusimudza huremu hwe75 kilograms musekondi imwe kusvika paurefu hwemita imwe. Kuverenga kwakadaro kwakashandiswa pakutanga kweshanduko yeindasitiri, apo mabhiza akanga achiri kushandiswa kubvisa zvinhu mumigodhi. Imwe yengano ndeyekuti iyo unit of horsepower yakagadzirwa nemugadziri James Watt. Akaratidza kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini dzake dzemhepo ...
Chii chinonzi SUV?
Vakawanda, pavanenge vachitenga SUV kana crossover, havagoni kusiyanisa pakati pemashoko maviri aya uye, semhedziso, havagoni kunzwisisa chinangwa chechokwadi cheimwe muenzaniso. Crossover imhando yakasarudzika yeSUV. Misiyano mikuru pakati pemotokari mbiri iri muhunyanzvi uye hunhu hunhu, mafuta anoshandiswa, pamwe nehupamhi hwemhando idzi. Motokari isiri-nzira, inozivikanwawo seyokuyambuka-nyika, iro basa guru nderekuishandisa munzira chero ipi zvayo, kunyanya kunze kwemugwagwa, kureva, idzo nzvimbo dzine motokari yakawanda. Ehe, inogona zvakare kushandiswa mumigwagwa yemuguta, asi chakanakira kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara emumugwagwa, sejecha, mazaya echando, minda, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Crossover musanganiswa wemota inotakura vanhu ...
Two-sitiroko injini mumotokari
Nyika yemotokari yaona zvakawanda zvekuvandudza mupowertrains. Mamwe acho akaomeswa nechando nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuti mugadziri akange asina mari yekuwedzera kukura kwevana vake. Dzimwe dzakaratidza kuva dzisingabudiriri, naizvozvo zviitiko zvakadaro zvakanga zvisina ramangwana rakanaka. Pamusoro peiyo yekare-mumutsara kana V-yakaita injini, vagadziri vakagadzira mota dzine mamwe magadzirirwo emayuniti emagetsi. Pasi pehodhi yemamwe mamodheru, munhu aigona kuona injini yeWankel, bhokisi (kana boxer), injini yehydrogen. Vamwe vanogadzira mota vanogona vachiri kushandisa eexotic powertrains mumamodeli avo. Pamusoro pezvigadziriso izvi, nhoroondo inoziva akati wandei akabudirira asiri-standard mota (pane imwe nyaya yakaparadzana nezve mamwe acho). Zvino ngatitaure nezve injini yakadaro iyo inenge isina kana mumwe wevatyairi ...
Chii chinonzi GPS navigator uye nzira yekusarudza?
Hapana mutyairi, ari munzvimbo yaasingazivi, angada kurasika. Pamusoro pekuwedzera kushushikana, kuedza kupinda munzira chaiyo kunowanzo tungamira mukunyanya kushandisa mafuta. Pasinei nekuti irwendo rwezororo kana rwendo rwebhizinesi, tsvina yakadaro haidiwe kune chero chikwama chemutyairi. Mugwagwa, kunyanya usina kujaira, unogona kugadzirira zvisingafadzi zvinoshamisa kune vatyairi nenzira yemakomba makuru, kutendeuka kwakapinza, kupindirana kwakaoma uye traffic jam. Kuti unzwe uine chivimbo pane chero track, vatyairi vanokurudzirwa kutenga GPS navigator. Chimbofunga kuti imhando ipi yemudziyo, kuti ungasarudza sei uye uigadzirise nemazvo. Tichakurukurawo kana kushanda kwayo kunoenderana nenyika iyo motokari iri. Chii chinonzi GPS navigator? Vatyairi vazhinji havaoni kudiwa kwemufambisi, nekuti chero yemazuva ano ...
Stabilizer makumbo: chii icho, nzvimbo uye musimboti wekushanda
Hapana motokari yemazuva ano inosiya mutsara wegungano pasina stabilizer. Iyi ndiyo tsanangudzo inokosha iyo inofanirwa kushanda zvakanaka kwekumisa motokari. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, takakurukura kuti chii chinonzi stabilizer bushings, kusashanda kwavo, uye kukosha kwezvinhu izvi. Zvino funga zvakadzama, izvo zvinonzi stabilizer bar. Verenga imwe ongororo pamusoro sei kutsiva stabilizer bar paVAZ 2108-99. Chii chinonzi stabilizer bar? Muchidimbu rangarira kuti sei stabilizer ichidikanwa. Kana mota ichifamba yakatwasuka, muviri wayo unofanana nemugwagwa. Painongotanga kutendeuka, nekuda kwekumhanya, nzvimbo yepakati yegiravhiti yemotokari inoenda kudivi. Izvi zvinoita kuti mota ifambe. Sezvo kana mota yakanyungudutswa, mutoro uri pamavhiri unogovaniswa zvisina kuenzana, matai anotanga kurasikirwa ne ...
Bata moto masisitimu, mudziyo, musimboti wekushanda
Chero mota yakashongedzerwa neinjini yekupisa yemukati zvechokwadi ichava neiyo ignition system mumagetsi. Kuti musanganiswa weatomu yemafuta uye mhepo mumasilinda ikwanise kupisa, kubuda kwakanaka kunodiwa. Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa kwe-on-board network yemotokari, nhamba iyi inosvika 30 zviuru volts. Simba rakadaro rinobva kupi kana bhatiri mumotokari inongobudisa 12 volts? Chinhu chikuru chinogadzira iyi voltage ndeye ignition coil. Tsanangudzo pamusoro pekuti inoshanda sei uye kuti ndezvipi zvigadziriso zviripo zvinotsanangurwa mune yakaparadzana wongororo. Iye zvino ngatitarisei pane musimboti wekushanda kweimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzekudzimisa masisitimu - kubata (akasiyana marudzi eSZ anotsanangurwa pano). Chii chinonzi contact ignition system yemota Mota dzemazuvano dzakagamuchira bhatiri-mhando yemagetsi system. Chirongwa chake chiri seizvi...
Chii chiri zii block uye chinoshandurwa riinhi
Silent blocks (inozonzi "s / b") inhengo yekumisa, inova mabhushi maviri esimbi, pakati payo pane yekuisa rabha. Iyo yakanyarara block inobatanidza zvikamu zvekumisa kune mumwe nemumwe, inoderedza vibrations pakati pemanodhi. Mabhuroko akanyarara anobatsira pakufamba kwakasununguka nekuda kweiyo elasticity yerabha, iyo inoshanda senge damper pakati pezvikamu zvakamiswa. Chii chinonzi chinyararire block uye chinangwa chayo Silent blocks inoshanda kudzivirira deformation yekumiswa uye nhengo dzemuviri. Ndivo vekutanga kugashira kuvhunduka uye kuzununguka, mushure mezvo vanonatswa nemashock absorbers. Zvivharo zvinyararire zvakakamurwawo muzvikamu zvinotevera: dhizaini (neimwe, maviri bushings kana pasina simbi zvinhu); dhizaini mutoro (solid elastic insert kana nemakomba); kukwira mhando (bushings kana muviri une lugs); kufamba (yepakati kufamba uye "kuyangarara"); zvinhu (rabha kana polyurethane). Zvimiro, zvidhinha zvinyararire zvinosiyana pakati ...
Ndeipi yekupedzisira kutyaira uye musiyano wemota
Ndeipi iyo huru giya Iyo huru giya ndiyo yekufambisa unit yemotokari, inoshandura, kugovera uye kutumira torque kumavhiri ekutyaira. Zvichienderana nedhizaini uye giya reshiyo yeiyi mbiri huru, iyo yekupedzisira traction uye yekumhanyisa maitiro inotemerwa. Nei tichida mutsauko, setiraiti, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvegiya bhokisi - isu tichafunga zvimwe. Mashandiro aanoita Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo mutsauko: mota ichifamba, kushanda kweinjini kunoshandura torque inoungana pane flywheel, uye kuburikidza ne clutch kana torque converter inoendeswa kubhokisi regiya, ipapo kuburikidza nekadhidhi shaft kana. helical giya (kumberi-vhiri dhiraivha), pakupedzisira nguva yacho inotumirwa kune main pair nemavhiri. Hunhu hukuru hweGP (main pair) chiyero chegiya. Iyi pfungwa inoreva chiyero chehuwandu hwemazino egiya guru kune shank kana ...
