Kutakura mota
Haldex ese-vhiri dhiraivha batira
Vagadziri vemotokari vari kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi kumudziyo wemotokari yemazuva ano. Kuchinja kwakadaro uye kutapurirana kwemotokari hakuna kupfuura. Electronics inobvumira masisitimu uye masisitimu ese kuti ashande nemazvo uye anopindura nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kuchinja mamiriro ekushanda. Mota ine ese-mavhiri dhiraivha ichave iine michina ine basa rekufambisa chikamu che torque kune yechipiri axle, ichiiita iyo inotungamira. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari uye kuti mainjiniya anogadzirisa sei dambudziko rekubatanidza mavhiri ese, kutapurirana kunogona kuve nekushongedzerwa-inotsvedza musiyano (chii chakasiyana uye kuti chinoshanda sei chinotsanangurwa mukuongororwa kwakasiyana) kana multi-plate clutch. , iyo iwe unogona kuverenga nezvayo zvakasiyana. Mutsanangudzo yemhando ye-mavhiri-vhiri, iyo pfungwa yekubatana kweHaldex inogona kunge iripo. Iye…
Iyo mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda kwechazvino torque converter
Yekutanga torque converter yakaonekwa anopfuura makore zana apfuura. Mushure mekugadziridzwa kwakawanda uye kuvandudzwa, iyi nzira inoshanda yekutepfenyura kufambisa torque yava kushandiswa munzvimbo zhinji dzemakinjiniya, uye indasitiri yemotokari haina mutsauko. Kutyaira motokari kwave kuri nyore uye kwakasununguka, sezvo ikozvino hapana chikonzero chekushandisa clutch pedal. Chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo torque inoshandura, senge zvese zvine hungwaru, zviri nyore. Mabviro nyaya Musimboti wekufambisa torque nenzira yekudzokorodza kwemvura pakati pemapombi maviri pasina hukama hwakaomarara yakatanga kupihwa mvumo nainjiniya wekuGerman Hermann Fettinger muna 1905. Midziyo inoshanda pahwaro hweiyi musimboti inonzi fluid coupling. Panguva iyoyo, kuvandudzwa kwekuvaka ngarava kwaida kuti vagadziri vatsvake nzira yekufambisa zvishoma nezvishoma torque kubva muinjini yemhepo kuenda kuchikepe chikuru ...
Otomatiki kana makanika: ndezvipi zvirinani
Paunosarudza motokari itsva, rudzi rwebhokisi regiya rakaiswa pairi rinoita basa rinokosha. Parizvino, ese anoshandiswa transmissions anogona kukamurwa kuita otomatiki uye bhuku rekutumira. Ndeupi rudzi rwega rwegiya bhokisi, ndeapi akanaka uye asina kunaka maitiro? Ndeupi weaya mafambisirwo anozopedzisira ave nani? Tichaongorora nyaya idzi muchinyorwa. Mechanical: yakavimbika uye ine hupfumi Chinyorwa chekufambisa nderimwe remhando dzekare dzekutumira. Pano, mutyairi anobatanidzwa zvakananga mukusarudza kwekutumira. Kuchinja kwegiya kunoitwa nemutyairi achishandisa giya rekusarudza michina uye masynchronizers, ndosaka kutapurirana kunonzi kufambisa kwemanyorero. Iko kufamba kunowanzotanga negiya rekutanga, uye magiya anotevera anosarudzwa achifunga nezve kumhanya kwazvino, injini kumhanya uye mugwagwa ...
Robhoti kana otomatiki muchina: nderipi bhokisi riri nani
Kana kusvika munguva ichangopfuura, vatyairi, pakusarudza motokari, vanogona kungovimba neotomatiki kana mechanics, nhasi mutsara wekusarudza wakawedzera zvakanyanya. Nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemotokari, chizvarwa chitsva chekufambisa, senge robhoti giya bhokisi uye musiyano, zvave kushandiswa. Ndeupi mutsauko uripo pakati perobhoti giya bhokisi uye otomatiki kutapurirana, uye iyo kutapurirana kuri nani (otomatiki kana robhoti) inodiwa kuti mutengi wese wemota azive. Sarudzo iyo mutyairi anozopedzisira aita zvinoenderana neizvi. Otomatiki kutapurirana Hwaro hweotomatiki kutapurirana ndeye torque inoshandura, yekudzora sisitimu uye iyo yepuraneti gearbox pachayo ine seti yemaclutches uye magiya. Iyi dhizaini yemuchina inoibvumira kuti ishandure yakazvimirira kumhanya zvinoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini, mutoro uye maitiro ekutyaira. Kubatanidzwa kwemutyairi hakudiwi pano. Muchina uyu wakaiswa pamotokari nemarori ...
Mhando dze otomatiki kutumira
Indasitiri yemotokari iri kukurumidza kuvandudza dhizaini yezvikamu zvikuru uye magungano, zvichiita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune vatyairi uye nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hunhu hwemotokari. Mota dzemazuvano dzawanda dziri kusiya mafambisirwo emaoko, dzichisiya zvido zvekutumira zvitsva uye zvepamberi: otomatiki, marobhoti uye CVT. Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa mhando dzemabhokisi egiya, kuti akasiyana sei kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, kuti anoshanda sei, musimboti wekushanda uye chiyero chekuvimbika. Hydraulic "otomatiki": yakasarudzika mune yayo yakachena fomu Iyo hydraulic otomatiki kutapurirana ndiyo tateguru wenyika yeotomatiki kutapurirana, pamwe neanobva kwavari. Yekutanga otomatiki transmissions yaive hydromechanical, haina "brains", yakanga isina matanho anopfuura mana, asi haina kubata kuvimbika. Tevere, mainjiniya vanounza yakawedzera hydraulic otomatiki kutapurirana, iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nekuvimbika kwayo, asi kushanda kwayo kunobva pakuverenga akawanda ...
Chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda kweMultitronic gearbox
Kuti chero mota itange kufamba, zvinodikanwa kutamisa torque iyo injini inogadzira kumavhiri emotokari. Nechinangwa ichi, pane kutapurirana. Iyo general mudziyo, pamwe nemusimboti wekushanda kwemuchina uyu system, inokurukurwa mune imwe nyaya. Makumi akati wandei apfuura, vatyairi vazhinji vaive vasina sarudzo yakawandisa: vagadziri vemotokari vaivapa ingave yemanyorero kana otomatiki. Nhasi kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutumira. Chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa igearbox. Ichi chikamu chinopa chaiyo simba rekubvisa kubva mumotokari, uye inotumira mafambiro ekutenderera kumavhiri ekutyaira. Zvichienderana nekugadziriswa kwegiya bhokisi, inogona kushanda isingakanganise kuyerera kwemagetsi kana ne periodic disconnection / kubatana kwegiya bhokisi uye mota yekuchinja giya. Iyo inonyanya kugadziriswa ...
Chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo Easytronic kufambisa
Nekuburitswa kwechizvarwa chitsva chega chega chemotokari, vagadziri vari kuunza akawanda uye akawanda ehunyanzvi matekinoroji muzvigadzirwa zvavo. Mamwe acho anowedzera kuvimbika kwemamwe masisitimu emotokari, mamwe akagadzirirwa kuwedzera nyaradzo munzira yekutyaira mota. Uye zvakare mamwe anovandudzwa kuitira kuti ape yakanyanya kusimba uye chengetedzo yemunhu wese ari mumotokari achityaira. Iko kutapurirana kwemotokari zvakare kuri pasi pekuvandudzwa nguva dzose. Vagadziri vemotokari vari kuyedza kuvandudza giya rekuchinja, kuvimbika kweiyo michina, uye zvakare kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda. Pakati peakasiyana magadzirirwo egiya bhokisi, pane mechaniki uye otomatiki (musiyano uripo pakati peotomatiki mhando dzekutumira unokurukurwa zvakadzama mune imwe nyaya). Iyo otomatiki mhando yemagiya mabhokisi yainyanya kugadzirwa sechinhu cheiyo nyaradzo sisitimu, sezvo mechanic mumwe wake achiri kuita basa rakanaka ne ...
Iwe unogonawo kufarira
Kumiswa kweMacPherson - chii icho
Chii chinonzi SUV?
Chii chiri zii block uye chinoshandurwa riinhi
Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo inopfuura batira
Chishandiso chedzimwe nzira dzemotokari chinosanganisira overrunning clutch. Kunyanya, chinhu chakakosha chejenereta. Iye zvino ngatitarisei kuti imhando ipi yemashini, pane iyo musimboti ichashanda, rudzii rwekuputsika kwairi, uye zvakare maitiro ekusarudza clutch nyowani. Chii chinonzi freewheel jenareta Usati waona kuti nei ichi spare chikamu chiri mujenareta, iwe unofanirwa kuongorora zvishoma mune iyo terminology. Sezvinotsanangurwa sevhisipidhiya inozivikanwa sevhisi, freewheel inzira inobvumidza iwe kutamisa torque kubva kune imwe shaft kuenda kune imwe. Asi kana shaft inofambiswa ikatanga kutenderera nekukurumidza kupfuura dhiraivha, simba racho hariyerere richienda kune rimwe divi. Iyo yakapusa shanduko yemaitiro akadaro inoshandiswa mumabhasikoro (shanu akaiswa mukugadzirwa kwevhiri rekumashure kana ...
Chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda kwePowershift kufambisa
Kuvandudza kunyaradza kwekutyaira, automakers vari kugadzira masisitimu akasiyana. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya kutariswa kunobhadharwa kune kutapurirana. Nhasi, kunetseka kwakasiyana kwakagadzira huwandu hukuru hwekutumira otomatiki. Rondedzero iyi inosanganisira vhezheni, robhoti, uye otomatiki muchina (zvimwe pane izvo zvinogadziriswa zvinotapurirana zvinotsanangurwa mune chimwe chinyorwa). Muna 2010, Ford yakaunza itsva otomatiki transmission unit kumusika, iyo yavakadana Powershift. Makore maviri chete mushure mekutanga kugadzirwa kwegiya bhokisi, vatengi vemhando nyowani dzemotokari vakatanga kugamuchira zvichemo nezve kusakwana kwekushanda kweiyo michina. Pasina kuenda mune zvakadzama, mhinduro isina kunaka kubva kune vazhinji vashandisi yaive yekuti kushanda kwegiya bhokisi kwaiwanzoperekedzwa nekutsvedza, kunonoka kuchinja kwegiya, jerks, kupisa uye kukurumidza kupfeka kwezvinhu ...
Chii chiri backstage mugearbox, iripi
Kana motokari ichifamba, mutyairi anodzora kushanda kweinjini uye gearbox. Mota dzine manyorerwo ekufambisa dzinoshandisa chinongedzo icho mutyairi anodzora magiya. Tevere, funga nezve backstage mudziyo, maficha ekugadzirisa uye kushanda. Chii chinonzi rocker mugearbox? Iyo yekumashure inoreva michina iyo, kuburikidza negiyashift knob, inobatanidza tsvimbo inofambisa forogo yegiya. Kana motokari iri mberi-gumbo dhiraivha, ipapo rocker iri pasi pehodhi, kumusoro kana kudivi regiya bhokisi. Kana motokari iri kumashure-vhiri kutyaira, ipapo backstage inogona kusvika chete kubva pasi. Iyo giya yekusarudza michina inogara ichikanganiswa nemutoro: vibration, kuburikidza negiya rekuchinja maforogo uye simba kubva pakubata kweruoko ...
Gearbox kugadzirisa
Nokuda kwekushanda kwakakodzera kwemotokari ipi neipi, muridzi wega wega wemotokari haafaniri kungotarisa kutaridzika kwemaitiro asina kunaka, asiwo kushanda navo nenguva. Kufambisa basa mukuona nguva yemaitiro ega ega, iyo automaker inogadza chirongwa chekugadzirisa. Panguva yekugadzirisa kwakarongwa, zvikamu zvose uye magungano zvinoongororwa kuti hazvina kukwana. Iyi nzira yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kuparara kwechimbichimbi kwemotokari mumugwagwa. Mune mamwe maitiro, izvi zvinogona kukonzera njodzi. Funga nezvezviito zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza mabhokisi egiya. Kazhinji, kugadzirisa motokari kunowira muzvikamu zvitatu: Chekutanga kugadzirisa. Panguva ino, mvura zhinji yehunyanzvi uye mafirita anotsiviwa. Iko kusimbiswa kwezvisungo pamichina yese umo kudengenyeka kwakasimba kunoumbwa kunotariswa. Ichi chikamu chinosanganisirawo chekutarisa.…
Chinangwa uye musimboti wekushanda kweakanyanya otomatiki ekutumira maseru
Iyo mota yeauto transmission inodzorwa neiyo electro-hydraulic system. Iyo nzira yekuchinja magiya mune otomatiki transmission inoitika nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura inoshanda, uye kutonga kwemaitiro ekushanda uye kudzorwa kwekuyerera kwemvura inoshanda nekubatsirwa kwevhavha kunoitwa nemagetsi control unit. Panguva yekushanda, iyo yekupedzisira inogamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha kubva kune sensors inoverenga mirairo yemutyairi, kukurumidza kwemotokari ikozvino, basa rekushanda pajini, pamwe chete nekupisa uye kudzvinyirira kwemvura inoshanda. Mhando uye musimboti wekushanda kweotomatiki transmission sensors Chinangwa chikuru cheiyo otomatiki dhizaini yekudzora system inogona kunzi kugadzwa kweiyo yakakwana nguva iyo giya rinofanirwa kuitika. Kuti uite izvi, ma parameter mazhinji anofanirwa kuverengerwa. Madhizaini emazuva ano akashongedzerwa ane simba rekudzora chirongwa chinokutendera iwe kuti usarudze iyo yakakodzera modhi zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda uye yazvino yekutyaira modhi yemotokari, yakatemwa ...
4Matic all-wheel drive system
Kubata motokari ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha izvo kuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa kunoenderana. Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzakashongedzerwa nedhisheni inotumira torque kune rimwe vhiri remavhiri (kumberi kana kumashure kwevhiri). Asi simba repamusoro remamwe magetsi ari kumanikidza maautomaker kugadzira ese-mavhiri dhiraivha magadzirirwo. Kana iwe ukatamisa torque kubva kune inogadzira mota kuenda kune imwe axle, mavhiri ekutyaira anotsvedza zvisingaite. Kudzikamisa mota mumugwagwa uye kuita kuti ive yakavimbika uye yakachengeteka mumutambo wekutyaira, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekugovera torque kumavhiri ese. Izvi zvinovandudza kugadzikana uye kudzoreka kwemotokari pamigwagwa isina kugadzikana, sechando, madhaka kana jecha. Kana iwe ukanyatso kugovera kuedza pavhiri rega rega, mota haina kana kutya ...
Chii chaunosarudza: robhoti kana musiyano
CVT uye robhoti zvinhu zviviri zvitsva uye zvinonyatsovimbisa zviitiko mumunda we otomatiki transmissions. Imwe imhando yepfuti yemuchina, imwe yacho makanika. Chii chiri nani variator kana robhoti? Isu tichaitisa tsananguro yekufananidza yezvese mafambisirwo, toona zvakanakira nekuipira uye kuita sarudzo chaiyo. Zvese nezve variator mudziyo The variator imhando ye otomatiki kutapurirana. Yakagadzirirwa kufambisa zvakanaka torque kubva muinjini kuenda kumavhiri uye nhanho chinja giya reshiyo mune yakatarwa renji. Kazhinji mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvemota, unogona kuwana chidimbu cheCVT sezita reiyo gearbox. Uyu ndiwo musiyano, wakaturikirwa kubva kuChirungu - "constantly variable transmission ratio" (Continuously Variable Transmission). Basa guru reiyo variator ndere kuona shanduko yakatsetseka mu torque kubva mujini, ...
The mudziyo uye musimboti kushanda batira nemotokari
Chinhu chakakosha chemotokari yakashongedzerwa nemanyorero ekufambisa ndiyo clutch. Inosanganisira zvakananga clutch (basket) clutch uye kutyaira. Ngatigarei zvakadzama pane chinhu chakadai se clutch actuator, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mumusangano we clutch. Painotadza kushanda ndipo clutch inorasikirwa nekushanda kwayo. Isu tichaongorora mudziyo wekutyaira, mhando dzayo, pamwe nezvakanaka uye nekuipa kwechimwe nechimwe. Clutch drive nemhando dzayo Iyo dhiraivha yakagadzirirwa kure kure kudzora kweclutch zvakananga nemutyairi kubva kune inotakura vanhu. Kudzvinyirira iyo clutch pedal inoshanda zvakananga pane yekumanikidza ndiro. Mhando dzinotevera dzekutyaira dzinozivikanwa: mechanical; hydraulic; electrohydraulic; pneumohydraulic. Mhando mbiri dzekutanga ndidzo dzakapararira. Marori nemabhazi anoshandisa pneumatic-hydraulic drive. Electrohydraulic yakaiswa mumashini ane robhoti gearbox. Mune dzimwe mota, kufambisa ...
Iyo chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kwemazhinji-ndiro kukwesheni batira
Mutsanangudzo yehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemaSUV mazhinji uye dzimwe mota dzine akasiyana magadzirirwo eiyo-se-vhiri dhiraivha dhiraivha, iyo pfungwa yeakawanda-plate clutch inogona kuwanikwa. Ichi friction element chikamu cheinonzi plug-in all-wheel drive. Kushanda kwechinhu ichi kunobvumira, kana zvichidikanwa, kuita axis isingashande iyo inotungamira. Ichi chivakwa chinoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, mu xDrive system, inotsanangurwa mune imwe nyaya. Pamusoro pemotokari, ma-multi-plate clutches anoshandiswa zvinobudirira mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuchina umo simba rinotorwa pakati pemaitiro maviri akasiyana. Chishandiso ichi chakaiswa sechinhu chekuchinja, kuenzanisa uye kuwiriranisa madhiraivha emaitiro maviri. Chimbofunga nheyo yekushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi, ndeapi marudzi, pamwe chete nezvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira. Musimboti wekushanda kweclutch Multi-plate friction clutches midziyo iyo...
