TSI injini - zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri

Iwe unowanzoona mota dzine TSI bheji munzira uye unoshamisika kuti izvi zvinorevei? Zvino chinyorwa ichi ndechenyu, isu ticha tarisa pane zvekutanga chimiro. TSI injini, kushanda musimboti wemukati injini injini, Zvakanakira nekuipira.

Tsananguro yezvipfupiso izvi:

Zvinoshamisa kuti, TSI pakutanga yakamira yeTwincharged Stratified Injection. Chinyorwa chinotevera chakatarisa zvishoma zvakasiyana neTurbo Stratified Injection, i.e. iyo yekubatanidza kune iyo nhamba ye compressors yakabviswa kubva pazita.

tsi injini

Chii chinonzi TSI injini

TSI ibudiriro yemazuva ano yakaonekwa nekuomeswa kwemamiriro ekunze emotokari. Chinhu cheinjini yakadaro yakaderera mafuta, madiki malita einjini dzinopisa mukati uye kushanda kwakanyanya. Uku kusanganiswa kunowanikwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwekaviri turbocharging uye yakananga jekiseni remafuta mumasilinda ejini.

Dual turbocharging inopihwa nekubatanidzwa kushanda kwemakanika compressor uye classic turbine. Mota dzakadaro dzakaiswa mune mamwe mamodheru eSkoda, Seat, Audi, Volkswagen uye mamwe mabhureki.

Nhoroondo ye TSI injini

Kuvandudzwa kweinjini twin-turbo ine jekiseni rakananga kwakaitwa muhafu yekutanga ye2000s. Shanduro inoshanda zvizere yakapinda munhevedzano muna 2005. Iyi mutsara wemotor yakagamuchira yakakosha update chete muna 2013, iyo inoratidza kubudirira kwebudiriro.

Kana tikataura nezve injini yemazuva ano yeTSI, saka pakutanga chidimbu chakadaro chakashandiswa kuratidza injini yemapatya-turbocharged ine jekiseni rakananga (Twincharged Stratified Injection - double boost uye layered injection). Nekufamba kwenguva, zita iri rakapihwa kumayuniti emagetsi ane mudziyo wakasiyana. Saka, TSI nhasi zvakare inoreva turbocharged unit (imwe turbine) ine layered peturu jekiseni (Turbo Stratified Jekiseni).

Zvimiro zvemudziyo uye kushanda kweTSI

Sezvatocherechedzwa, kune akati wandei magadzirirwo emotor ane zita rekuti TSI, saka isu tichafunga nezve chimiro chemudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda tichishandisa muenzaniso weimwe yakakurumbira mukati meinjini yekupisa. Pa 1.4 litres, chikwata chakadaro chinokwanisa kukura kusvika ku125 kW yesimba (inenge 170 horsepower) uye torque inosvika 249 Nm (inowanika mukati me1750-5000 rpm). Nekuita kwakanaka kwakadaro kwezana, zvichienderana nekuremerwa kwemotokari, injini inodya anenge 7.2 litita epeturu.

Iyi mhando yeinjini ndiyo chizvarwa chinotevera cheFSI injini (vanoshandisawo zvakananga jekiseni tekinoroji). Gasoline inoputirwa ne-high-pressure fuel pump (mafuta anopiwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe 150 atmospheres) kuburikidza ne nozzles, iyo atomizer iyo inowanikwa zvakananga mune imwe cylinder.

Zvichienderana neinodiwa maitiro ekushanda kweyuniti, musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo weakasiyana madhigirii ekupfumisa unogadzirwa. Iyi nzira inotariswa neyemagetsi control unit. Kana injini iri kunyura kusvika paavhareji rpm. layer-by-layer jekiseni repeturu rinopihwa.

Mafuta anounzwa kumasilinda pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko, iyo inowedzera iyo compression ratio, kunyangwe iyo simba unit inoshandisa maviri emhepo supercharger. Sezvo kune huwandu hukuru hwemhepo yakawandisa mune iyi mota dhizaini, inoita basa rekushisa insulator.

Kana injini iri kushanda mune homogeneous musanganiswa kuumbwa, peturu inobayiwa mumasilinda kana sitiroko yekutora yaitwa. Nekuda kweizvi, musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unopisa zviri nani nekuda kwekuwanda kwekuita musanganiswa.

Kana mutyairi achimanikidza gasi pedal, iyo throttle inovhura kusvika pakakwirira, iyo inotungamirira kumusanganiswa wakaonda. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwemhepo hahupfuure huwandu hunoshanda hwekupisa peturu, mune iyi modhi inosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana yemagasi emhepo inopihwa kune akawanda ekutora. Petrol inobaiwawo pakubata sitiroko.

Nekuda kwekuvapo kwematurbocharger maviri akasiyana, TSI injini dzine dhiraivha yakanaka pakumhanya kwakasiyana. Maximum torque pakumhanya kwakaderera inopiwa ne mechanical supercharger (thrust iripo mumhando kubva pa200 kusvika 2500 rpm). Kana crankshaft ichitenderera kusvika 2500 rpm, magasi epoost anotanga kutenderedza turbine impeller, izvo zvinowedzera mhepo mumhepo yakawanda kusvika ku2.5 atmospheres. Iyi dhizaini inobvumidza iwe kuti ubvise turbos panguva yekumhanyisa.

Kuzivikanwa kweinjini dzeTSI dze1.2, 1.4, 1.8

Injini dzeTSI dzawana mukurumbira wadzo kune zvakwakanakira zvisingarambike. Chekutanga, nediki vhoriyamu, kunwa kwakaderera, nepo mota idzi dzisina kurasikirwa nesimba, kubvira mota idzi dzakashongedzerwa nemuchina compressor uye turbocharger (turbine). Painjini yeTSI, tekinoroji yakananga jekiseni yakaiswa, iyo yakavimbisa kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kudzvanywa, kunyangwe panguva iyo musanganiswa wakava "pasi" (revs kusvika ~ 3 zviuru) compressor inoshanda, uye kumusoro compressor iri. haichashandi zvakanyanya uye saka turbine inoramba ichitsigira torque. Iyi tekinoroji yekumisikidza inodzivirira iyo inonzi turbo-lag maitiro.

Chechipiri, mota yave diki, nekudaro huremu hwayo hwadzikira, uye shure kwayo huremu hwemotokari hwadzikirawo. Zvakare, aya injini ane yakaderera muzana yeEC2 emissions mumhepo. Madhiraini madiki ane ekurasikirwa kushoma kwekukwesana, nekudaro kugona kwakanyanya.

Kupfupisa, tinogona kutaura kuti injini yeTSI inoderedzwa kushandiswa pamwe nekuwana kwesimba simba.

Chimiro chakazara chakatsanangurwa, zvino ngatitangei tiende pane mamwe maratidziro.

1.2 TSI injini

1.2 litita TSI injini

Kunyangwe paine vhoriyamu, injini ine simba rakaringana, rekuenzanisa, kana tichifunga nezveGorofu akateedzana, ipapo 1.2 iine turbocharging inodarika 1.6 atmospheres. Munguva yechando, inodziya kwenguva refu, hongu, asi kana iwe ukatanga kutyaira, inodziya nekukasira kusvika kune tembiricha yekushanda. Nezve kuvimbika uye zviwanikwa, pane akasiyana mamiriro. Kune vamwe, mota inomhanya 61 km. uye zvese zvisina chaanopomerwa, asi mumwe munhu ane 000 km. mavharuvhu ave kutotsva, asi pane musiyano pane mutemo, nekuti maTurbine akaiswa pakadzvanywa uye haana simba rakakura pane zviwanikwa zveinjini.

Injini 1.4 TSI (1.8)

1.4 litita TSI injini

Kazhinji, injini idzi siyana zvishoma zvakanakira uye kuipa kubva 1.2 injini. Chinhu chimwe chete chekuwedzera ndechekuti injini idzi dzose dzinoshandisa ketani yenguva, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvishoma mutengo wekushanda nekugadzirisa. Imwe yezvakaipira mota ine cheni yenguva ndeyekuti hazvikurudzirwe kuisiya iri mugiya uri pamateru, sezvo izvi zvichigona kuita kuti cheni isvetuke.

2.0 TSI injini

Pamota maviri enginjini, pane dambudziko rakadai sekutambanudza ngetani (zvakajairika kune ese maTI, asi kazhinji kune ino shanduko). Iyo cheni inowanzo shandurwa pa60-100 zviuru zvemakiromita, asi inoda kuongororwa, kutambanudza kwakakomba kunogona kuitika pakutanga.

Tinounza kwauri kutarira vhidhiyo nezve TSI injini

Kushanda musimboti weiyo 1,4 TSI injini

Pros uye Cons

Zvechokwadi, dhizaini yakadaro haisi kungoita mutero kune zvakatipoteredza zviyero. Iyo TSI mhando injini ine zvakawanda zvakanaka. Idzi mota dzinosanganisira:

1. Kuita kwepamusoro kunyangwe mavhoriyamu madiki;
2. Inonakidza traction (yepeturu injini) yatove yakaderera uye yepakati kumhanya;
3. Excellent economy;
4. Iko mukana wekumanikidza uye kugadzirisa;
5. High mwero ushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kunyangwe aya mabhenefiti ari pachena, mota dzakadai (kunyanya iyo EA111 uye EA888 Gen2 modhi) ine akati wandei akakosha madhiri. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta (chaizvoizvo, inopedza sosi yayo nekukurumidza nekuda kwekushanda kweiyo turbine mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya).
• Nekuda kweiyo torque yakakwira, cheni yenguva inotambanudzwa nekukurumidza, uye mune dzimwe nguva inongotyora.
• Mafuta anofanirwa kunge ari emhando yepamusoro (manozzles anoshanda mune akaturikidzana modhi - diki chikamu chepeturu chakakamurwa kuita maviri kana matatu zvimwe zvikamu, zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezve kunaka kwemafuta).
• Nekuda kwekushanda kwe mechanical supercharger, injini inodziya zvishoma nezvishoma.

Kukanganisa kukuru

Musoro chaiwo une injini dzeTSI iketani yakatambanudzwa kana yakatyoka yenguva. sezvatotaurwa, dambudziko iri mhedzisiro ye torque yakakwira pane yakaderera crankshaft kumhanya. Mune injini dzinopisa mukati, zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa kushushikana kweketani yega yega 50-70 zviuru zvemakiromita.

Pamusoro pecheni pachayo, zvese zviri zviviri damper uye cheni tensioner inotambura kubva kune yakakwira torque uye inorema mutoro. Kunyangwe kana ketani yakadzivirirwa nekufamba kwenguva, maitiro ekuitsiva anodhura zvakanyanya. Asi kana pakaitika kuputika kwedunhu, mota ichafanirwa kugadziriswa uye kugadziridzwa, izvo zvinosanganisira zvakatowanda mari yezvinhu.

Nekuda kwekudziya kweturbine, mweya watopisa unopinda muhuwandu hwekutora. Zvakare, nekuda kwekushanda kweiyo exhaust gasi recirculation system, zvimedu zvemafuta asina kupiswa kana mhute yemafuta zvinopinda mune yakawanda yekupinda. Izvi zvinotungamira kukubika kweiyo throttle valve, mafuta scraper zvindori uye mavharuvhu ekudya.

Kuti injini igare iri muchimiro chakanaka, muridzi wemotokari anofanirwa kutevedzera hurongwa hwekuchinja oiri uye kutenga mafuta emhando yepamusoro. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwemafuta muinjini dze turbocharged ndeyechisikigo mhedzisiro inogadzira inopisa turbine, yakakosha piston dhizaini uye yakakwirira torque.

Nekushanda kwakakodzera kweinjini, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa peturu ine octane chiyero cheinenge 95 semafuta (iyo inogogodza sensor haishande). Chimwe chinhu chejini-turbo injini inononoka kudziya-kumusoro, kunyangwe iyi iriwo mamiriro ayo echisikigo, uye kwete kuparara. Chikonzero ndechekuti panguva yekushanda, injini yekupisa yemukati inopisa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoda yakaoma kutonhora system. Uye inodzivirira injini kubva pakusvika tembiricha yekushandisa nekukurumidza.

Mamwe ematambudziko aya akabviswa muchizvarwa chechitatu cheTSI EA211, EA888 GEN3 mota. Chekutanga pane zvese, izvi zvakakanganisa maitiro ekutsiva cheni yenguva. Pasinei nechekare sosi (kubva pa50 kusvika 70 zviuru zvemakiromita), kutsiva cheni kwave kuri nyore uye kwakachipa. Kunyanya kunyatso, ketani mukugadziriswa kwakadaro inotsiviwa nebhanhire.

Mazano ekushandiswa

Mazhinji ekurudziro ekugadzirisa einjini dzeTSI akafanana neyekare emagetsi powertrains:

• Shandisa mafuta emhando yepamusoro uye zvinodyiwa;
• Kugadzirisa panguva;
• Chengetedza mamiriro echeni yenguva (kana bhandi, sezvakaita chizvarwa chechitatu che twin turbo injini) uye tensioner yayo;
• Zadza peturu yemhando yepamusoro;
• Kusanyanya kushandiswa kwemitambo kutasva;
• Usayedze kusimudza kumhanya nekukasira pazvikamu zvipfupi zvemugwagwa, uchiwedzera torque kusvika pakakwirira pakumhanya kwakaderera.

Kana iyo yakareba yekudziya-yejini inogumbura, saka kukurumidza kuita iyi nzira, unogona kutenga preheater. Ichi chigadzirwa chinonyanya kushanda kune avo vanowanzoshandisa motokari kwekufamba kwenguva pfupi, uye nguva yechando munharaunda yacho yakareba uye inotonhora.

Tenga mota ine TSI kana kwete?

Kana mutyairi achitsvaga mota yekutyaira ine yakakwira injini inobuda uye yakaderera kushandiswa, saka mota ine TSI injini ndiyo yaunoda. Imotokari yakadaro ine simba rakanakisisa, ichapa manzwiro akawanda akanaka kubva pakutyaira kwepamusoro. Pamusoro pezvakanakira zvakataurwa, yakadaro simba unit haidyi peturu nekumhanya kwechiedza, sezvazviri mumajini akawanda ane simba ane classic dhizaini.

Kutenga mota ine TSI kana kwete zvinoenderana nechido chemuridzi wemota kubhadhara kune yakanaka dynamics ine shoma gasi mileage. Chokutanga pane zvose, anofanira kunge akagadzirira kugadzirisa kunodhura (izvo zvisingawaniki kune nzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwekushayikwa kwenyanzvi dzinokwanisa).

Kuti udzivise matambudziko akakomba, unofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo mitatu iri nyore:

1. Kugadziriswa kwakarongwa panguva;
2. Shandura mafuta nguva dzose, uchishandisa sarudzo inokurudzirwa nemugadziri;
3. Refuel panzvimbo dzakatenderwa gasi uye usashandise yakaderera octane peturu.

mhedziso

Saka, kana tikataura pamusoro pechizvarwa chekutanga che TSI injini, saka vaiva nezvikanganiso zvakawanda, pasinei nekushanda kunoshamisa uye kubudirira. Muchizvarwa chechipiri, zvimwe zvikanganiso zvakabviswa, uye nekusunungurwa kwechizvarwa chechitatu chemagetsi emagetsi, zvakava zvakachipa kuzvichengeta. Sezvo mainjiniya achigadzira masisitimu matsva, mikana ndeyekunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kutadza kwechikamu chikuru kuchagadziriswa.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chiratidzo cheTSI chinorevei? TSI - Turbo Statified Jekiseni. Iyi injini ye turbocharged umo mafuta anopfapfaidzwa akananga mumasilinda. Ichi chikamu chigadziriso cheFSI chakabatana (hapana turbocharging mairi).

В musiyano uripo pakati peTSI neTFSI? Kare, mapfupiso akadaro aishandiswa kuratidza injini nejekiseni rakananga, chete TFSI ndiyo yakamanikidzwa kuchinjwa kwekutanga. Nhasi, injini dzine mapatya turbocharger dzinogona kuratidzwa.

Chii chakashata neTSI mota? Iyo isina kusimba chinongedzo chemota yakadai ndiyo nguva yekumhanyisa dhiraivha. Mugadziri akagadzirisa dambudziko iri nekuisa bhandi rine mazino pane cheni, asi mota yakadaro ichiri kushandisa mafuta mazhinji.

Ndeipi injini iri nani pane TSI kana TFSI? Zvinoenderana nezvikumbiro zvemutyairi. Kana achida motokari inobereka, asi pasina frills, ipapo TSI yakakwana, uye kana pane kudiwa kwechikwata chekumanikidzirwa, TFSI inodiwa.