1 horsepower yakaenzana ne - kW, watt, kg
Kana iwe ukatora chero encyclopedia uye ukatarisa mairi kuti chii chinonzi horsepower, saka tichaverenga kuti iyi i-off-system unit of power isingashandiswi muRussia. Kunyangwe pane chero webhusaiti yevatengesi vemotokari, simba reinjini rinoratidzwa musimba rebhiza.
Chiitiko ichi, chakaenzana nei?
Kutaura nezve injini yemabhiza, vazhinji vedu tinofananidzira mufananidzo uri nyore: kana iwe ukatora boka remabhiza makumi masere nemotokari ine 80 hp injini, ipapo masimba avo achave akaenzana uye hapana anogona kudhonza tambo.
Kana iwe ukaedza kudzoreredza mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro muhupenyu chaihwo, ipapo boka remabhiza richaramba richikunda, nekuti kuti injini iwedzere simba rakadaro, inoda kutenderedza crankshaft kune imwe nhamba yekuchinja paminiti. Mabhiza, kune rumwe rutivi, anomhanya kubva panzvimbo yawo uye anokwevera motokari shure kwavo, nokudaro achipwanya gearbox.
Uye zvakare, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti simba rebhiza chiyero chesimba, nepo bhiza rega rega riri rega uye vamwe vanhu vanogona kusimba kupfuura vamwe.
Horsepower yakaunzwa mukutenderera muna 1789. Muvambi ane mukurumbira James Watt aida kuratidza kuti zvaive nani zvakanyanya kushandisa injini dzemhepo pane mabhiza kuti basa riitwe. Akangotora ndokuverenga kuti isimba rakadii rinoshandiswa nebhiza kushandisa nzira iri nyore kusimudza - vhiri rine tambo dzakanamirwa pariri - kudhonza madhiramu emarasha kubva mumugodhi kana kupomba mvura achishandisa pombi.
Zvakazoitika kuti bhiza rimwe chete rinogona kudhonza mutoro unorema makirogiramu 75 nekumhanya kwe1 m/s. Kana tikashandura simba iri kuita watts, zvinosvika kuti 1 hp. iri 735 watts. Simba remotokari dzemazuva ano rinoyerwa mu kilowatts, zvichiteerana, 1 hp. = 0,74 kW.
Kunyengetedza varidzi vemigodhi kuti vashanduke kubva kune simba rebhiza kuenda kumagetsi, Watt akakurudzira nzira iri nyore: kuyera kuti ibasa rakawanda sei raigona kuitwa nemabhiza muzuva, uye wobatidza injini yemhepo uye kuverenga kuti ingani mabhiza aaigona kutsiva. Zviri pachena kuti injini yemhepo yakave inobatsira zvikuru, nokuti yakakwanisa kutsiva imwe nhamba yemabhiza. Varidzi vemugodhi vakaziva kuti zvakachipa kwavari kuchengetedza mota pane danga rakazara nemhedzisiro yese yaitevera: uswa, oats, manyowa, zvichingodaro.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti Watt akaverengera zvisizvo simba rebhiza rimwe. Mhuka dzakasimba kwazvo chete dzinokwanisa kusimudza uremu hwe75 kg pakukurumidza kwe1 m / s, kuwedzera, havazokwanisi kushanda kwenguva yakareba mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Kunyange zvazvo pane uchapupu hwokuti kwenguva pfupi bhiza rimwe rinogona kukura simba kusvika 9 kW (9 / 0,74 kW \u12,16d XNUMX hp).
Simba reinjini rinosarudzwa sei?
Kusvika iye zvino, nzira iri nyore yekuyera simba rechokwadi rejini ine dyno. Iyo mota inotyairwa pakamira, inosimbiswa zvakachengeteka, ipapo mutyairi anomhanyisa injini kusvika pakumhanya kukuru uye simba chairo muhp rinoratidzwa pachiratidziro. Kukanganisa kunobvumirwa - +/- 0,1 hp Sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, zvinowanzoitika kuti simba rezita rezita harienderane neicho chaicho, uye izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuvepo kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasalfunctions - kubva kune yakaderera-mhando mafuta kusvika kudonhedza mukumanikidza mumasilinda.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti nekuda kwekuti simba rebhiza risiri-systemic unit, rinoverengerwa zvakasiyana munyika dzakasiyana. MuUSA neEngland, semuenzaniso, imwe hp. iri 745 watts, kwete 735 semuRussia.
Iva sezvazvingaite, munhu wese atojaira kune iyi chaiyo unit yekuyera, sezvo iri nyore uye iri nyore. Mukuwedzera, HP inoshandiswa pakuverenga mutengo weOSAGO neCASCO.
Bvumiranai, kana iwe ukaverenga mumhando dzemotokari - injini simba iri 150 hp. - zviri nyore kwauri kufamba nezvaanokwanisa kuita. Uye rekodhi se 110,33 kW haina kukwana kutaura. Kunyangwe kushandura kilowatts kuita hp. zviri nyore: tinoparadzanisa 110,33 kW ne 0,74 kW, tinowana 150 hp inodiwa.
Ndinodawo kukuyeuchidza kuti pfungwa ye "injini simba" pachayo haina kunyanya kuratidza, iwe unofanirwawo kufunga nezvemamwe ma parameters: yakanyanya torque, rpm, uremu hwemotokari. Zvinozivikanwa kuti injini dzedhiziri dzakaderera-kumhanya uye simba guru rinowanikwa pa1500-2500 rpm, nepo injini dzepeturu dzinomhanyisa kwenguva refu, asi dzinoratidza mhedzisiro iri nani pamadaro marefu.
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