10 madhamu makuru pasi rose

Madhamu anga aripo, aripo uye anogara ari chikamu chakakosha uye chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu. Madhamu anovakwa kuitira kuchengetedza mvura, kugadzirisa mafambiro enzizi, uye kugadzira magetsi. Madhamu ane nhoroondo refu kumashure kwawo. Izvi zvinodzokera ku4000 BC.

Zvinonzi yakatanga kuvakwa kuEgypt pamahombekombe erwizi Nile. Madhamu anonakidza uye anokwezva kutarisa nehukuru hwawo hukuru uye mashandisirwo ekushanda. Dhamu reKallanai rinoonekwa sedhamu rekare rekushandisa muTamil Nadu, India. Muchikamu chino, tichataura nezve madhamu makuru pasi rose muna 2022.

10. DAMINA HIRAKUD, INDIA

Iri ndiro dhamu refu kupfuura mamwe pasi rose. Inonzi inopfuura makiromita makumi maviri nemanomwe kubva ipapo. Dhamu reHirakud rakavakwa muna 27. Yakanga iri yekutanga-chinangwa mupata chirongwa chakavakwa mhiri kweRwizi rweMahanadi, Odisha, nehurumende yeIndia kubva pakawana kuzvitonga. Ndiro dhamu rekare rakavakwa muIndia. Odisha uye indasitiri yayo yekushanya haina kukwana pasina kushanya kuHirakud Dam. Dhamu rine minareti mbiri: Gandhi Minar naNehru Minar. Iyi minarets inopa maonero anoyevedza kune vaoni uye vashanyi.

Kuitira kusimudzira kushanya uye mukurumbira weHirakud Dam, hurumende yeOdisha yakatengesa zvizere nzvimbo dzedhamu. Dhamu rinogona kushanyirwa gore rose. Mwaka wega wega unowedzera kubata kwakasiyana uye maficha pakunaka kwayo. Munguva yekunaya kwemvura, kuyerera kwemvura padhamu kunosvika pakakwirira. Dzimwe nguva dhamu rinovharwa munguva yekunaya kwemvura kuitira kudzivirira njodzi nenjodzi. Munguva yechando, shiri dzakawanda dzinotama dzinouya pano. Muzhizha, unogona kuona matongo ematemberi ekare anosangana nemvura munguva yekunaya.

Matemberi anodarika mazana maviri anonzi akanyura murwizi nekuda kwekuvakwa kwedhamu reHirakuda. Chaizvoizvo, temberi dzose dzakazara nemvura, asi mumwaka wezhizha iwe unogona kuona zvishomanana chete. Temberi ine nhoroondo yakanzi Padmaseni ichangobva kufukunurwa, ichiunza Archaeological Survey yeIndia munzvimbo inoonekera. Dhamu iri rine zvakare "Isle of Cattle" inova inogara mombe dzesango uye dzisina kuchekwa. Kunyangwe kutora mifananidzo kwakarambidzwa munzvimbo iyi, kurangarira kwayo kucharamba kuri mumoyo mako.

9. DAMINA OROVILLE, USA

Yakavakwa mhiri kweRwizi rwePero muCalifornia muna 1968. Nearby Lake Oroville inzvimbo huru inokwezva vashanyi. Dhamu reOroville ndiro dhamu rakareba kudarika mamwe ose muUnited States. Iine mapopoma anoyevedza anonzi Baba Fall uye Bald Rock. Dhamu rinopa maonero akanaka uye zviitiko zvakawanda zvakaita sekuchovha bhasikoro, kumisasa, kuredza, nezvimwewo. Inzvimbo yakanaka yepikiniki yemhuri.

8. DAMINA MANGLA, PAKISTAN

Iri munzvimbo ine gakava remupata weKashmir, unozivikanwawo seAzad Kashmir. Yakavakwa mhiri kweRwizi rweJhelum muna 1967. Dhamu iri rakavhurika vashanyi pasi pekutariswa nekudzivirirwa kwakasimba. Nekuda kwenyaya yakanetsa, yakavharwa kune veruzhinji. Ikirabhu yemitambo yemvura inonzi "Mangla" inopa vashanyi zvakasiyana siyana zvevaraidzo. Dhamu reMangla rinokwanisa kugadzira magetsi anokwana chiuru chemegawati. Basa rekuvaka riri kuenderera mberi rekuwedzera kureba kwedhamu nemamita makumi matatu. Izvi zvichawedzera simba rekugadzira magetsi mudhamu ne1000 megawatts.

7. JINPING-I DAM, CHINA

Dhamu reJinpingi rinonzi ndiro dhamu repamusoro pasi rose. Dhamu rinopokana, sezvo vazhinji vanofunga kuti Rogun HPP ndiro dhamu rakareba kwazvo muTajikistan. Yakazoparadzwa nemafashamo. Dhamu richiri kuvakwa. Saka, Jingpin-I ndiro dhamu repamusoro-soro pasi rose. Ndiwo tsime guru remagetsi uye maindasitiri enyika.

6. DAMINA GARDINER, CANADA

Dhamu iri nderimwe remadhamu makuru pasi rose. Yakavakwa muna 1967. DAM yakatumidzwa zita reGurukota reCabinet James G. Gardiner. Dhamu rakagadzira dhamu rainzi Diefenbaker Lake. DAM inofarirwa zvikuru nevashanyi vemuno pamwe nevashanyi vekunze. Madhamu anoramba akavhurika svondo rese. Iine maresitorendi akawanda, zvitoro uye bhaisikopo rinoratidza mavhidhiyo ane ruzivo ane chekuita nekuvakwa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvedhamu. Paki iri padyo nemadhamu inopawo zviitiko zvakaita sekudzika musasa, kukwira makomo uye kuchovha bhasikoro, nezvimwe.

5. LADIES UAE, USA

Ndiro dhamu rakakura kwazvo rakavakwa paRwizi rweMissouri. Iri nderimwe remadhamu makuru pasi rose. Dhamu racho rinogadzira dhamu rechina rakakura: Lake Oahe, iyo inosvika 327 km muUS. Yakavakwa muna 1968. Yayo yakaiswa simba ndeye 786 MW. Madhamu anokwezva vashanyi vazhinji nekuda kwekupfuma kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana. Lake Oahe imusha kumarudzi akawanda ehove, shiri dzinotama, uye mhuka dzomumvura dziri mungozi yokutsakatika. Nzvimbo iyi iparadhiso yenyanzvi dzeshiri, sezvo shiri zhinji dzinotama dzichibhururuka dzichienda kudhamu iri.

4. HUTRIBDIJK DAM, THE NETHERLANDS

Dhamu racho raimbogadzirwa sedhamu, asi rinotova dhamu. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna 1963 uye kwakapera muna 1975. Kureba kwedhamu i30 km. Dhamu rinoparadzanisa Markermeer uye IJsselmeer. Dhamu iri rinozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seHutribdijk.

3. ATATURK DAM, TURKEY

Pamwe chete nekuva rimwe remadhamu makuru pasi rose, iri zvakare rimwe remadhamu akareba. Kureba kwayo 169 metres. Yaimbozivikanwa seKarababa Dam. Yakavhurwa muna 1990. Dhamu rinogadzira 8,900 gigawatt-maawa pagore. Yakavakwa mhiri kweRwizi rwaYufratesi. Dziva re "Lake Ataturk" rakapararira pamusoro penzvimbo ye817 km2 ine huwandu hwemvura hwe48.7 km. Mwedzi kubva munaGunyana kusvika Gumiguru ndiyo nguva yakanakisa yekushanyira dhamu uye kutora chikamu mumutambo wemitambo yemvura uye makwikwi epasirese echikepe.

2. FORT Pack DAM, USA

Dhamu iri ndiro rakareba kudarika madhamu matanhatu akavakwa mhiri kweRwizi rweMissouri. Inowanikwa padyo neGlasgow. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 76 metres. Dhamu racho rakapararira pamusoro penzvimbo inosvika mahekita mazana maviri nemaviri. Yakavhurwa muna 202. Inoumba Lake Fort Peck, inova imwe yemadziva echishanu makuru akagadzirwa nevanhu muUS uye anosvika 1940 tsoka (200 m) kudzika.

1. DAMINA TARBELA, PAKISTAN

Dhamu iri riri muCyber ​​​​Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Inoonekwa sedhamu rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose. Iyi ndiyo yechishanu pakukura pasi rose maererano nehuwandu. Dhamu rinogadzira dhamu rine nzvimbo inopfuura 250 square kilometers. Yakavhurwa muna 1976. Yakavakwa kumahombekombe kwerwizi rukuru rwePakistan, Indus River. Dhamu iri rakagadzirirwa uye kuvakirwa kudzora mafashamu, kugadzira simba remagetsi emvura, uye kuchengeta mvura yekudiridzira. Kuiswa kwedhamu kwaive 3,478 85 MW. Hupenyu hunobatsira hweTarbela Dam hunofungidzirwa pa2060 makore uye huchapera gore rino.

Muchinyorwa chiri pamusoro apa, takurukura nezvemamwe madhamu makuru pasi rose. Madhamu aya ane nyaya dzinonakidza dzekutaura. Madhamu ari pamusoro apa akakura maererano nehuwandu, nzvimbo, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, nezvimwewo. Nyaya iri pamusoro apa inosanganisira madhamu makuru ose muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sehurefu, huwandu, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kugadzira, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinosanganisira yekare, yepamusoro-soro, madhamu akadzika uye makuru pasi rose.