10 matekinoroji uye zvikamu zvemotokari dzemazuva ano dzakagadzirwa kare kare, asi dzisina kushandiswa.

Zvinoitika kuti zvigadzirwa zvinounzwa zvisina kunaka mukuita. Vamwe vakararama panguva imwe chete navo vakakundikana kuzvikoshesa, kana kuti nzanga haisati yagadzirira kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira. Kune yakawanda yakafanana mienzaniso muindasitiri yemotokari.

Mbeu dzakauchikwa

Muna 1900, Ferdinand Porsche akagadzira motokari yekutanga yakasanganiswa, iyo yose-mavhiri Lohner-Porsche.

Iyo dhizaini yaive yechinyakare uye haina kuwana imwe kuvandudzwa ipapo. Mukupera kwema90 ezana ramakore rechi20 ndipo pakabuda mahybrids emazuva ano (somuenzaniso, Toyota Prius).

Keyless kutanga

Kiyi yekubatidza yakagadziridzwa senzira yekudzivirira mota kubva kune mbavha dzemotokari uye yakashanda kwemakore mazhinji. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwemagetsi ekutanga, akagadzirwa muna 1911, akabvumira vamwe vagadziri kuti vashongedze huwandu hwemhando dzine keyless yekutanga masisitimu (semuenzaniso, 320 Mercedes-Benz 1938). Zvisinei, dzakapararira chete pakupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX neXNUMX nekuda kwekuonekwa kwemakiyi chip uye transponders.

Pamberi pevhiri

Pakati pezana remakore rechi18, injiniya wokuFrance Nicolas Joseph Cunyu akagadzira chingoro chinofambiswa nemhepo. Kutyaira kwaiitwa pavhiri rimwe rekumberi.

Zvakare, pfungwa iyi yakararama pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 mumotokari yehama dzeGraf, uyezve mu20s yezana remakore rechi20 (kunyanya pamotokari dzemujaho, semuenzaniso Cord L29). Paivawo nekuedza kugadzira motokari "dzevanhu", semuenzaniso, German subcompact DKW F1.

Kugadzirwa kweseri kwemotokari dzemberi-mavhiri kwakatanga mu30s kuCitroen, apo tekinoroji yekugadzira yakachipa uye yakavimbika CV majoini akagadzirwa, uye simba reinjini rakasvika kune yakaringana simba rekudhonza. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwemberi-vhiri dhiraivha kwakaonekwa chete kubva kuma60s.

Disc mabhureki

Diski mabhureki akanga patented muna 1902, uye panguva imwe chete vakaedzwa kuiswa paLanchester Twin Cylinder. Pfungwa haina kudzika midzi nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwakanyanya mumigwagwa ine tsvina, creaking uye tight pedals. Zvinwiwa zvemabhureki zvenguva iyoyo zvakanga zvisina kugadzirwa nokuda kwetembiricha yakakwira kudaro. Yakanga isiri kutozosvikira kutanga kwema50 iyo disc mabhureki yakapararira.

Robhoti otomatiki kutapurirana

Kwenguva yekutanga, chirongwa chebhokisi chine mabheti maviri chakatsanangurwa mu30s yezana ramakore rechi20 naAdolf Kegress. Chokwadi, hazvizivikanwe kana dhizaini iyi yaive mune simbi.

Pfungwa iyi yakamutsiridzwa chete muma80s nePorsche racing mainjiniya. Asi bhokisi ravo rakazove rinorema uye risingavimbike. Uye chete muhafu yechipiri ye90s iyo serial kugadzirwa kwemabhokisi akadaro kwakatanga.

Anoshanduka anomhanyisa dhiraivha

Iyo variator yedunhu yave ichizivikanwa kubva panguva yaLeonardo da Vinci, uye kuyedza kuimisa pamotokari kwakaitika mu30s yezana ramakore rechi20. Asi kekutanga motokari yakanga yakashongedzerwa V-bhandi variator muna 1958. Yakanga iri yakakurumbira mota yevafambi DAF 600.

Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti bhandi rerabha rakapera nokukurumidza uye harina kukwanisa kutumira masimba makuru ekudhonza. Uye chete muma80s, mushure mekugadzirwa kwesimbi V-mabhandi uye mafuta anokosha, variators vakagamuchira hupenyu hwechipiri.

Mabhanhire echigaro

Muna 1885, patent yakabudiswa yemabhandi echiuno akanga akabatanidzwa mumuviri wendege ine carabiners. Iyo 30-point bhandi rechigaro rakagadzirwa muma2s. Muna 1948, American Preston Thomas Tucker akaronga kugadzirira Tucker Torpedo motokari navo, asi akakwanisa kubudisa motokari 51 chete.

Muitiro wekushandisa 2-point mabhandi ezvigaro zvakaratidza kushanda kwakaderera, uye mune dzimwe nguva - uye ngozi. Chimurenga ichi chakaitwa nekugadzirwa kweinjiniya wekuSweden Niels Bohlin mabhandi matatu-point. Kubva 3, kuiswa kwavo kwave kusungirwa kune mamwe ma Volvo modhi.

Anti-kukiya braking system

Kwenguva yokutanga, kudiwa kwegadziriro yakadaro kwakasangana nevashandi vezvitima, zvino nevagadziri vendege. Muna 1936, Bosch patented tekinoroji yekutanga mota ABS. Asi kushayikwa kwemagetsi anodiwa hakuna kubvumira pfungwa iyi kuti ishandiswe. Yakanga iri chete nekuuya kwehunyanzvi hwekuita semiconductor muma60 apo dambudziko iri rakatanga kugadziriswa. Imwe yemhando yekutanga ine ABS yakaiswa yaive Jensen FF 1966. Ichokwadi, motokari 320 chete dzakakwanisa kugadzirwa nekuda kwemutengo wakakwirira.

Pakazosvika pakati pe70s, hurongwa hwechokwadi hunoshanda hwakanga hwagadzirwa muGermany, uye yakatanga kuiswa seimwe sarudzo pamotokari dzepamusoro, uye kubva muna 1978 - pane dzimwe mhando dzinodhura dzeMercedes neBMW.

Nhengo dzemuviri dzepurasitiki

Pasinei nekuvapo kwevakatangira, motokari yekutanga yepurasitiki yaiva 1 Chevrolet Corvette (C1953). Yakanga ine furemu yesimbi, muviri wepurasitiki uye mutengo wakakwira zvisingaite, sezvo yaive yakagadzirwa nemaoko kubva kune fiberglass.

Plastiki yakashandiswa zvakanyanya neEast Germany automakers. Izvo zvese zvakatanga muna 1955 neAWZ P70, ndokuzouya nguva yeTraband (1957-1991). Motokari iyi yakagadzirwa mumamiriyoni emakopi. Zvinhu zvine hinged zvemuviri zvaive zveplastic izvo zvakaita kuti mota idhure pane mudhudhudhu une ngoro yepadivi.

Inoshandurwa nedenga remagetsi

Muna 1934, Peugeot 3 Eclipse ine zvigaro zvitatu yakaonekwa pamusika - yekutanga kutendeuka pasirese ine yemagetsi hardtop yekupeta michina. Iyo dhizaini yaive capricious uye inodhura, saka haina kugamuchira yakakomba kukura.

Pfungwa iyi yakadzoka pakati pema50. Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner yaive yakavimbika, asi yakaoma kupeta michina. Iyo modhi hainawo kunyanya kubudirira uye yakagara 3 makore pamusika.

Uye chete kubva pakati pe-90s yezana remakore rechi20, magetsi ekupeta hardtops akanyatsotora nzvimbo yavo mumutsara wekushandura.

Takangofunga nezvehumwe matekinoroji uye zvikamu zvemotokari zvaive mberi kwenguva yavo. Pasina mubvunzo, panguva ino kune akawanda ezvigadzirwa, iyo nguva ichauya mumakore gumi, makumi mashanu, zana.