Makore makumi maviri eCustom Rail yeDhiziri IIs: Alfa Romeo aive wekutanga

Kuenderera mberi: Iyo yakaoma nzira yevagadziri yekushandisa nyowani tekinoroji.

Ndiwo musana wezvose Fiat neBosch

Nguva pfupi yapfuura Fiat yakaunza yakananga jekiseni Croma muna 1986, yakafanana sisitimu yakaunzwa naRover, akaigadzira achibatana nenyanzvi dzeBritish kubva kuPerkins. Ichazoshandiswa gare gare kune maHonda mamodheru. Yakanga isati yasvika muna 1988 apo VW Boka rakatanga kuve neinjini yedhiziri yakananga, iyo yaishandisawo pombi yekugovera yeBosch. Hongu, ndeye VW inotamba chinzvimbo chemakisi ejekiseni ejekiseni yakanangana mumotokari dzedhiziri. Nekudaro, VW ine shungu kwazvo neinjini dzayo dzeTDI zvekuti inopotsa pane shanduko yekupera kwezana ramakore rechi20. Saka, kudzokera pakutanga kwenyaya kuti tisangane zvakare neinjiniya kuFiat neBosch. Ino nguva haina nezve kubatana.

Iyo yambotaurwa Centro Ricerce Fiat naMagnetti Marelli vachiri kugona kuvaka sisitimu inoshanda umo maitiro ekumanikidza anoparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe. Izvi zvinodzivirira kudonha kwekumanikidza uye kuwana yakanyanya kudzvanywa pakumhanya kwakanyanya. Kuti uite izvi, pombi inotenderera inozadza simbi yakakora-yakakomberedzwa nesimbi. Jekiseni rakananga rinoitwa uchishandisa solenoid-inodzorwa majekiseni. Yekutanga prototypes yakasikwa muna 1991, uye makore matatu gare gare tekinoroji yakatengeswa kuna Bosch, uyo akawedzera kuigadzira. Iyo sisitimu, yakagadziridzwa nenzira iyi neFiat uye yakanatswa neBosch, yakaonekwa muna 1997 muAlfa Romeo 156 2.4 JTD uye Mercedes-Benz E220 d. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakanyanya jekiseni pressure ye1360 bar haisati yadarika kudzvanywa kwemamwe masisitimu apfuura (akashandiswa neOpel Vectra neAudi A6 2.5 TDI kubva 1996 uye BMW 320d kubva 1998, iyo VP 44 pombi ye. jekiseni rakananga rinowana kudzvanywa muhuwandu hwe1500 - 1750 bar), asi kutonga kwemaitiro uye kugona kuri padanho repamusoro.

Kubatsira kwayo kukuru ndekwekuti inochengetedza njanji yakasimba nguva dzose, iyo inobvumira kutonga kwakaringana kwejekiseni, iyo inozogona kuendeswa mumabheti - iyo yakakosha kune musanganiswa muinjini yedhiziri. Nokudaro, kudzvinyirirwa kwakasununguka nekumhanya, hutano hwekupisa hunovandudzwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoreva kuti kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kubuda kunoderedzwa. Nekuvandudzwa kwegadziriro yacho, majekiseni emagetsi anotsiviwa nemajekiseni epiezo akanyatsojeka, achibvumira kushandiswa kwenhamba huru yemajekiseni enguva pfupi uye kumanikidza kusvika ku2500 bar yemota uye kusvika ku3000 bar yemarori nemabhazi munguva pfupi yapfuura. zvizvarwa zveinjini dzedhiziri.

Marwadzo ebasa neCommunity Rail

Ehezve, kunyangwe mainjiniya eFiat haatangi zvisina basa. Nekudaro, ivo vane mukana webasa revaviri Vickers, avo vakagadzira yakafanana michina system makore mazhinji apfuura, uye Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, uye kunyanya timu yaRobert Hubert, uyo muma60s akagadzira prototype yakabudirira yeinjini yedhiziri. ne Common Rail system uye zvemagetsi kutonga. Ehezve, zvemhando yepamusoro zvemagetsi zvemakore iwayo zvaibvumidza chete prototypes kushanda murabhoritari, asi muna 1983 Marco Ganzer weETH akabvumidza "elektroniki inodzorwa bhatiri yekuchaja system" yemotokari dzedhiziri. Muchokwadi, uku ndiko kutanga kuvimbisa kuvandudza kweiyi sisitimu. Mushure mezvose, dambudziko harisi mune iyo pfungwa, asi mukuitwa kwayo, uye ndivo mainjiniya eFiat neBosch vanokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko ese ane chekuita nekudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kunoitika mune ino tekinoroji, kugadzirwa kwemajekiseni akakwana uye nezvimwe. Icho chinhu chidiki chinozivikanwa kuti kunyangwe vagadziri vemota muJapan vari kusarira kumashure mukugadzirwa kweinjini dzedhiziri, muchokwadi mota yekutanga kushandisa iyo Common Rail jekiseni system yaive Hino rori ine J08C injini uye Denso jekiseni system, inova mhedzisiro yebasa rezvikwata zveDr.Shonei Ito uye Masahiko Mwenje. Zvakafanana zvinonakidza inyaya yekuti muma80, mainjiniya eEast German IFA vakabudirira kugadzira hurongwa hwakafanana kumatiraki avo.

Nehurombo, matambudziko emari eFiat mukupera kwema90s akamumanikidza kutengesa huku yake yegoridhe kuBosch. Mushure mezvose, aive Bosch akagadzira tekinoroji iyi, uye nhasi ndiye mutungamiriri asingapokane mukugadzirwa kweaya masisitimu. Muchokwadi, kuchine vashoma vanogadzira michina iyi - kuwedzera kuBosch, idzi Denso, Delphi uye Siemens. Pasi pehodhi uye mune chero mota yaunotarisa, iwe unowana chimwe chinhu chakafanana. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge Common Rail system yaratidza zvakanakira pane zvese zvimwe, yakaunzwa nevagadziri veFrance PSA. Panguva iyoyo, vagadziri vakaita seMazda neNissan Vakanga vatounza jekiseni rakananga, asi pasina iyo Common Rail system, VW inoramba ichitsvaga nzira dzekugadzira inoshanda sisitimu isingashandisi Common Rail patent, uye yakaunza yakajairika jekiseni system. zvemapombi erori muna 2000. Zvechokwadi, muna 2009, VW haina kukanda mapfumo pasi uye haina kuitsiva nechitima chakafanana.

Vagadziri vemarori vakazvizivisa gare gare - makore mashoma apfuura, mainjini avo aive akashongedzerwa nepombi-injector kana inodaidzwa kuti pombi-pombi-injector ine zvinhu zvakasiyana zvepombi uye pfupi pfupi yakanyanya-kudzvanywa chubhu. Pachiratidziro cheTokyo, Quon yakaratidza imwe mhinduro inonakidza - tekinoroji yepombi-injector, iyo, zvisinei, inofambiswa nenjanji yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa ine yakaderera kudzvinyirira. Iyo yekupedzisira inotamba chinzvimbo chepakati kuenzanisa node.

Pamusoro pezvese zvataurwa pamusoro, iyo Common Rail system yakatosiyana kubva kune pre-jekiseni masisitimu mune ayo akavakirwa pasinetic simba inogadzirwa nepombi yeiyo chaiyo mafuta jekiseni. Izvi zvinobvisa kudiwa kweiyo yakakwira compression ratio, pamwe neyakaipisisa turbulence, iyo inokosheswa kune dhiziri injini ine prechamber uye inogadzirwa zvakanyanya muinjini yedhiziri ine vortex kamuri. Iyo Common Rail system, pamwe chete nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi ekudzora tekinoroji uye turbocharger, zvakagadzira izvo zvinodikanwa zvekuchinja kwedhiziri, uye pasina iyo, injini dzepeturu dzaisazove nemukana nhasi. Nenzira, iyo yekupedzisira yakagamuchirawo yakafanana yekuzadza system, chete padiki diki. Asi ndiyo imwe nyaya.

Ehe, iyo Common Rail system inodhura uye yakaoma, asi parizvino hapana imwe nzira yemadhiziri. Vagadziri vakakwanisawo kugadzira isingadhuri, yakadzvinyirira sarudzo yemabhajeti mota senge India, uko diesel inoremekedzwa. Mushure memisikanzwa yazvino, dhiziri rakapomedzerwa zvikanganiso zvese zvepanyika, asi, sekuyedzwa kwazvino kweAMS kuratidza, kuchenesa kunogoneka. Chero zvazvingava, nguva dzinonakidza dziri mberi.

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev