40 makore eBlack Hawk helicopter service

UH-60L inosimuka ne105mm howwitzers yakadonha panguva yekurovedza muviri paFort Drum, New York musi waChikunguru 18, 2012. Mauto eUS

Gumiguru 31, 1978 Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk helikopta dzakapinda basa neUS Army. Kwemakore makumi mana, idzi helikopta dzave dzichishandiswa sechigadziko chepakati chekutakura, kubviswa kwekurapa, kutsvaga nekununura uye chikuva chakakosha muuto reUS. Nekumwe kukwidziridzwa, Black Hawk inofanirwa kuramba iri musevhisi kusvika 40.

Parizvino, dzinenge 4 dzinoshandiswa munyika. H-60 ​​helicopters. Vanosvika chiuru nemazana maviri vavo ndeveBlack Hawks mune yazvino vhezheni yeH-1200M. Mushandisi mukuru weBlack Hawk iuto reUS, iro rine makopi e60 mukugadziridzwa kwakasiyana. Muuto reUnited States, Black Hawk helicopters dzakatobhururuka kupfuura maawa 2150 mamiriyoni.

Mukupera kwema60, mauto eUS akagadzira zvinodiwa zvekutanga zveherikoputa itsva kutsiva yakawandisa UH-1 Iroquois helikopta. Chirongwa chinonzi UTTAS (Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System) chakatangwa, i.e. "multipurpose tactical air transport system". Panguva imwecheteyo, mauto akatanga chirongwa chekugadzira injini itsva ye turboshaft, nekuda kweiyo General Electric T700 mhuri yemagetsi matsva yakashandiswa. Muna Ndira 1972, Mauto akanyorera nyoro yeUTTAS. Tsanangudzo, yakagadziridzwa pahwaro hwechiitiko cheHondo yeVietnam, yaifungidzira kuti iyo helikopta itsva inofanirwa kuve yakavimbika zvakanyanya, isingachinji kumoto wemaoko madiki, nyore uye yakachipa kushanda. Yaifanirwa kunge iine injini mbiri, mbiri hydraulic, yemagetsi uye yekudzora masisitimu, yehutsi system ine kupihwa kupikisa moto wemaoko madiki uye kukanganisa pasi panguva yekumhara kwekukurumidzira, kutapurirana kunokwanisa kushanda hafu yeawa mushure mekudonha kwemafuta, kabhini inokwanisa kumirisana nekumhara kwekukurumidzira, zvigaro zvezvombo zvevashandi nevafambi, chassis ine mavhiri ine mafuta ekuvhundutsa zvinotora uye inonyarara uye yakasimba rotor.

Chikopokopo ichi chaifanira kuva nevashandi vana uye kamuri yekutakurisa yemasoja gumi nerimwe aive nezvombo zvakakwana. Hunhu hweherikoputa itsva hwaisanganisira: cruising speed min. 272 km/h, yakatwasuka kukwira kumhanya min. 137 m / min, mukana wekufamba pahurefu hwe 1220 m pamhepo yekushisa ye + 35 ° C, uye nguva yekubhururuka nemutoro wakakwana yaifanira kuva maawa 2,3. Chimwe chezvainyanya kudiwa pachirongwa cheUTTAS kwaive kugona kurodha chikopokopo paC-141 Starlifter kana C-5 Galaxy yekutakura ndege isina kuomeswa disassembly. Izvi zvakasarudza hukuru hweherikoputa (kunyanya kureba) uye kumanikidza kushandiswa kweinopeta huru rotor, muswe uye giya rekumhara pamwe nekukwanisa kudzvanya (kudzikisa).

Vaviri vakadaidzira vakatora chikamu mune nyoro: Sikorsky ine prototype YUH-60A (modhi S-70) uye Boeing-Vertol ine YUH-61A (modhi 179). Pakukumbira kweuto, zvose prototypes zvakashandisa General Electric T700-GE-700 injini dzine simba guru re 1622 hp. (1216 kW). Sikorsky akavaka maprototypes mana eYUH-60A, yekutanga yakabhururuka musi waOctober 17, 1974. Muna March 1976, vatatu YUH-60As vakaendeswa kuhondo, uye Sikorsky akashandisa yechina prototype yezviedzo zvake.

Musi waZvita 23, 1976, Sikorsky akanzi ndiye akahwina chirongwa cheUTTAS, achitambira kondirakiti yekutanga kugadzira diki-diki yeUH-60A. Chikopokopo chitsva chakakurumidza kunzi Black Hawk. Yekutanga UH-60A yakapihwa kumauto muna Gumiguru 31, 1978. Muna Chikumi 1979, zvikopokopo zveUH-60A zvakashandiswa ne101st Combat Aviation Brigade (BAB) ye101st Airborne Division yeAirborne Forces.

Mugadziriro yevatyairi (zvigaro 3-4-4), iyo UH-60A yaikwanisa kutakura mauto gumi nemumwe ane zvombo zvakakwana. Muutsanana-evacuation configuration, mushure mekubviswa kwezvigaro zvisere, akatakura machira mana. Pakurova kwekunze, aigona kutakura zvinhu zvinorema kusvika 11 kg. Imwe UH-3600A imwe chete yaikwanisa kutakura 60-mm M102 howitzer inorema 105 kg pane hook yekunze, uye mu cockpit vashandi vayo vose vevanhu vana uye 1496 mahara ezvombo. Iwo mahwindo eparutivi akachinjirwa kukwirisa maviri 30-mm M-144D muchina pfuti pane universal M60 mounts. Iyo M7,62 inogona zvakare kuve yakashongedzerwa neM144D/H uye M7,62 Minigun 240mm muchina pfuti. Pfuti mbiri dze 134-mm dzemuchina GAU-15 / A, GAU-16A kana GAU-18A dzinogona kuisirwa pasi pekabhini yekutakura pamakoramu akakosha, anonangidzirwa pamativi uye kupfura kuburikidza neyakavhurika yekurodha hatch.

Iyo UH-60A ine VHF-FM, UHF-FM uye VHF-AM/FM nhepfenyuro uye Alien Identification System (IFF). Nzira huru yekudzivirira yaive yepasi rose inopisa uye anti-radar M130 cartridge ejectors yakaiswa pamativi ese emuswe boom. Pakutanga kwema80s uye 90s, zvikopokopo zvakagamuchira AN / APR-39 (V) 1 radar yambiro system uye AN / ALQ-144 (V) inoshanda infrared jamming station.

UH-60A Black Hawk helicopters dzakagadzirwa muna 1978-1989. Panguva iyoyo, Mauto eUS akagamuchira angangoita 980 UH-60As. Parizvino pane chete nezve 380 helicopters mune iyi vhezheni. Mumakore achangopfuura, injini dzose dzeUH-60A dzakagamuchira injini dzeT700-GE-701D, dzakafanana dzakaiswa paUH-60M helicopters. Nekudaro, magiya haana kutsiviwa uye iyo UH-60A haibatsiri kubva kune yakawandisa simba rinogadzirwa neinjini nyowani. Muna 2005, chirongwa chekusimudzira yakasara UH-60As kusvika kuM standard yakasiiwa uye sarudzo yakaitwa yekutenga mamwe maUH-60M matsva.