Iwo 5 makuru ngano pamusoro pemanyorerwo ekufambisa. Nyangwe dzaimbova chokwadi

Kuwedzera kukurumbira kweautomatic transmissions zvinoreva kuti vatsigiri vezvinyorwa zve "chete" vari kushandisa nharo dzinogona kutoshandurwa kuita ngano. Heano mashanu avo, ayo makore gumi nemaviri apfuura anogona kutorwa sechokwadi, asi nhasi ari pedyo nengano.

Nhema 1. Manual control inopa kuita kuri nani.

Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kare apo otomatiki transmissions yaifambiswa neinoshandura torque (transformer kana torque converter). Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo clutch yaive nemukana wakakura wekutapurirana kusingapindiki kwe torque kubva kunjini kuenda kubhokisi regiya, iro rakawedzera kubereka. Nekudaro, iyo yakakura drawback ndeyekutsvedza kunoitika mushanduko yakadaro, iyo inozotungamira mukurasikirwa kukuru kwe torque. Uye izvi zvinoderedza kushanda. Chiyereso pakati pavo chaiwanzova chisina kunaka - kurasikirwa kwacho kwaive kukuru zvekuti mashandiro emuchina uyu aisavatsiva.

Mukuita, zvisinei, kunyange michina yakwegura haina kuderedza kushanda kana zvishoma., asi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu - kana iro rakakwana giya rakabatikana kana kana uchitanga kukurumidza kubva pakumira. Kumutyairi wepakati, kushandiswa kunobudirira kwebhuku racho kwaiwanzova kwakaoma zvokuti mugumisiro wacho waiva motokari iyo "papepa" (inoverengwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ari nani) yakapa nguva dzakaipisisa dzokuwedzera kukurumidza, mukuita, zvakabva zvave kukurumidza kupfuura mutyairi, uyo akachinja magiya nemaoko.

Nhasi, zvingave zvakatonyanya kuomera mutyairi, kunyangwe mutyairi akanakisa, kuti atarisire kufambisa kwemanyorero nenzira yekuzadzisa kanenge nguva dzakafanana dzekumhanyisa sekutumira otomatiki. Izvi ndezvezvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga, hapasisina torque kurasikirwanokuti mumichina isina kusimba kwazvo, mabhokisi anowanzova maviri-kiyi, uye panguva yakasimba pane yakawanda kwazvo, saka kunyange pasina kurasikirwa kunonyadzisa pano.

Maererano nevamwe maotomatiki emazuva ano anochinja magiya nekukurumidza sezvinogona mutyairi. Kunyangwe mune mbiri mbiri clutch masisitimu, clutch shift nguva haigoneke kune mutyairi ane manual transmission. Uye kunyangwe pamapepa mamwe mamodheru aine kukurumidza kukurumidza nepfuti, muchokwadi zvichave zvakaoma kuita izvi. Kune rimwe divi, mota zhinji, kunyanya mota dzemitambo, hadziite system yekutanga kutongaiyo ine otomatiki hutachiwana inopa zvisingaenzaniswi zviri nani kutanga kupfuura mutyairi ane ruzivo rwakawanda angagona kuwana nemanyorero ekufambisa.

Nhema 2. Nemakanika, motokari inopisa zvishoma

Izvi zvave zvakadaro munguva yakapfuura, uye zvinonyanya kukwira kune izvo zvandakanyora pamusoro mundima yekutanga. Panewo chokwadi chokuti otomatiki transmissions inoisa kushushikana kwakawanda painjini kana yakamira (kufambidzana nguva dzose) uye kazhinji yaive nemagiya mashoma.

Michina yemazuva ano, kunyangwe ine torque inoshandura, yakasununguka kubva mukukanganisa kweiyo yapfuura chizvarwa gearboxes, uyezve, ine makiyi anodzivirira kutsvedza panguva yekukurumidza. Vanenge nguva dzose vane mamwe magiya, iyo inogonesa kushanda kweinjini muhuwandu hwekumhanya kwayo kwakanyanya. Zvinowanzoitikawo izvozvo Yekupedzisira giya reshiyo otomatiki hutachiwana yakakura kwazvo kupfuura iyo yemanyorero ekufambisa. Sokunge izvo zvanga zvisina kukwana, twuviri clutch transmissions ane akajairwa maclutches, mamwe magiya, uye nguva dzekuchinja dzakaoma kunyange kuziva (zvidiki zvikamu zvesekondi). Kuti uwane kupisa kwakafanana neiyo yeauto transmission mumotokari yekufambisa, unofanirwa kushandisa hutsinye eco-kutyaira uye kunamatira pairi nguva dzese. Kana kuti pamwe kusashanda.

Nhema 3. Manual transmissions inoputsa zvishoma kazhinji uye yakachipa

Zvekare, tinogona kutaura kuti mumotokari zhinji zvaive zvakaita seizvi zvisati zvaitika, apo avhareji kugadziriswa kweiyo otomatiki transmission inodhura zviuru zvezlotys, uye giya bhokisi regiya rinogona kutsiviwa neyakashandiswa kwemazana akati wandei. Nhasi unogona kuonekwa nenzira mbiri.

Nzira yekutanga ndeye kuburikidza neprism yekugadzira. Kunyangwe maotomatiki ekufambisa aine hupenyu hupfupi kupfuura kare (kazhinji 200-300 km), manyorerwo ekufambisa anogadzirwa kubva kune-simba-anoshanda zvinhu zvakare haana kusimba. Vanowanzogara kwenguva pfupi, uye, kuwedzera, zvinoda kutsiva clutch uye dual-mass flywheel panguva yekushanda. Mutengo wekutsiva kwakadaro mumhando dzakawanda, kunyanya dzisina kufarirwa, inofananidzwa nekugadzirisa mota.

Nzira yechipiri ndeye kuburikidza neprism yekutsvaga mari. Zvakanaka, semanyorerwo ekufambisa, machina ekutengesa anogona zvakare kutsiviwa mune yakaipisisa kesi neanoshandiswa, nekuti mukurumbira wavo uri kukura, saka kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakare. Nekufamba kwenguva, mafekitori ane hunyanzvi uye akanaka anogadzirisa michina yekutengesa anooneka, saka mitengo inowedzera uye inowedzera kukwikwidza. Nekudaro, pano zvakare, munhu anogona zvakare kutaura nezve clutch gungano neaviri-mass flywheel mugiya bhokisi, iro risingafanirwe kutsiviwa neakashandiswa. Zvichipa izvi, mutengo wekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kwemuchina uye kufambisa kwemanyorerwo zvakafanana.

Nhema 4. Manual transmissions haidi kugadzirisa

Zvinoita sekuti mota dzinotariswa zvakanyanya uye iyi ndiyo mhando yemota yaunoda kukwanisa kubata kuti urege kuiparadza. Zvichakadaro mazuva ano otomatiki transmissions anonyatso "kuvimbika", kunyanya nemagetsi joystick. Sokunge izvo zvanga zvisina kukwana, vanongoda shanduko yemafuta. Kune rumwe rutivi, kutumira kwemaoko, kunze kwekutsiva clutch uye maviri-mass vhiri, zvinodawo kuchinja kwemafuta, izvo vashoma vatyairi vanoyeuka.

Imwe mhando yeautomatic transmission ndiyo dual-clutch transmission, iyo iri… Haisi chete inoda shanduko yeoiri, asi zvakare - senge yemuchina - inowanzoda kutsiva misa vhiri uye mabatiro maviri pachinzvimbo cheimwe.

Nhema 5. Manual transmissions inonyanya kupikisa mitoro inorema

Iyi nharo yave iri ngano kwemakore makumi maviri, uye zvakatonyanya maererano nemotokari dzeAmerica. Rega ndikuudze zvishoma chokwadi nezvemota uye iwe uchanzwisisa kuti ngano chii.

• MaSUV anorema kwazvo uye marori ane injini dzine simba (kunyanya dzeAmerica), ari mabhiza ebasa akagadzirirwa kukweva matrailer anorema, kazhinji ane otomatiki transmissions.
• MaSUV ane injini dzine simba kwazvo anongori otomatiki kutapurirana.
• Imotokari dzine simba kwazvo munyika, dzakagadzirwa nhasi uye kunyange kubva munenge muna 2010, dzinenge dziine otomatiki transmissions.
• Hypercars yakagadzirwa mushure me2000 ine otomatiki transmissions.
• Iyo yakawanda yemotokari dzemazuva ano dzemitambo pamusoro pe500 hp. (kazhinji pamusoro pe400 hp) vane otomatiki transmissions.
• Kuti uve padyo neruzivo: Yekutanga Audi RS 6 yakagamuchira Tiptronic otomatiki kutapurirana nekuti iyo bhuku rekufambisa harina kuwanikwa rakasimba zvakakwana. Iyo BMW M5 (E60) yakapihwa ine semi-otomatiki kutapurirana, uye chizvarwa chinotevera chete neotomatiki kutapurirana, nekuda kwekushaikwa kweiyo yakagadzikana yakagadzika dhizaini.