8 hutsva huri kuzunguza indasitiri yekuvaka!

Building sector ndiro chikamu chinonyanya permeable zvitsva ... Uku kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunouya mumhando dzakati wandei: zvinhu zvakabatana, 3D printers, BIM, data management (big data), drones, marobhoti, self-healing kongiri, kana kunyange hupfumi hwekubatana. Vanotungamira kune shanduko munzira iyo saiti inoshanda kana kugadzira. Chikwata cheTracktor chafunga kukuzivisa kune chimwe nechimwe cheizvi hutsva, vasati vanyura munyaya mune zvimwe zvinyorwa kuratidza kushanda kwavo pachikamu chekuvaka.

1. BIM: hukuru hutsva mumhizha yekuvaka.

BIM mukuvaka © Autodesk

Kubva kuChirungu "Building Information Modeling" BIM inogona kududzirwa se Building Information Modelling ... BIM inobata nayo kuvaka, kuvaka uye zvivakwa. Kufanana nemasangano ane hukama, kusimudzira kwayo kwakabatana nedemocratization yeInternet, pamwe nekukura kwemaitiro ekubatana kwakatangwa neLinux inoshanda system.

Kana iri tsanangudzo yayo, inosiyana zvichienderana nemafungiro. Chekutanga, iri XNUMXD dhijitari dhizaini ine hungwaru uye yakarongeka data. Iyi data inoshandiswa nevatori vechikamu vakasiyana. Iyi modhi ine ruzivo nezve hunhu (hunyanzvi, hunoshanda, hwemuviri) hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuvaka.

Iine zvakawanda zvakanaka:

• Kuchengetedza nguva nekuda kweruzivo rwuri nani rwezvese ruzivo rwehunyanzvi;
• Kubviswa kwengozi ye "information asymmetry", iyo inobvumira zviri nani kufunga zvinotarisirwa / kutya kwevose vanobatana;
• Kuvandudzwa kwekuvaka kunaka;
• Kuderedza njodzi dzetsaona.

BIM inobvumirawo fungidziro yenguva-chaiyo yemutengo unogona kugadziridzwa muchimiro, maneja synthesis pakati pemapato akasiyana panguva yekugadzira uye yekuvaka chikamu, kugadzira chaiwo anomiririra uye XNUMXD mifananidzo yekushambadzira, uye optimize kugadzirisa kwekuvaka. mushure maizvozvo.

Kuti uchinje kuenda kuBIM, unofanirwa kudzidza uye kuzvishongedza. Inodhura, asi BIM inoita zvakakodzera ... Iyi ndiyo nzira yepasi rose, iyo inozviratidza, semuenzaniso, mukuti UK neSingapore vari kutotungamirira nzira mukuvimbisa kushandiswa kwekodzero yekombiyuta mumapurojekiti ehurumende. MuFrance, mvumo yekutanga yekuvaka yeBIM yakawanikwa muMarne-la-Vallee.

3D kudhinda: ngano kana chokwadi?

3D printer muindasitiri yekuvaka

Kuedza kwekutanga kunodzokera kuma1980s. Kukura kwekuputika kwakaitika mukutanga kwe2000s kusati kwave kunonoka kukura kwakaonekwa.

Webhusaiti yeFutura-Science inotsanangura kudhinda kwe3D se“ iyo inonzi yekuwedzera yekugadzira tekinoroji, iyo inosanganisira kuwedzera zvinhu, zvinopesana nenzira dzinoshandisa kubvisa zvinhu, senge machining. "

Muchikamu chekuvaka, tekinoroji iyi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira matumba ekukurumidzira kuti atarise mushure menjodzi yemusikirwo uye kubvumira vanowirwa nenjodzi kuwana nzvimbo yekugara nekukurumidza. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa wekushandisa 3D printer ikambani yeChinese Winsun, iyo yakakwanisa kudhinda chivako che 6-story uchishandisa printer yakareba mamita makumi mana! Kushandiswa kwaro panzvimbo yekuvaka kunogona kubatsira mukumisa tsaona uye kudzora zviri nani pamatanho akasiyana. Chiyedzo chekutanga chirikuitika kuItaly kuvaka musha wese uchishandisa 40D printer.

Zvisinei, zvakaoma kuti munhuwo zvake afungidzire kuvaka kubva kumudhinda. Kufungidzira kuchaitika pachinhu ichi here?

Zvishandiso Zvakabatanidzwa: Innovation yeKuvaka Site Safety Management

Zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kweInternet kubvira kutanga kwema1990, zvinhu zvakabatana kana iyo Internet yeZvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma zvakapinda munzvimbo yedu. Kune Dictionnaireduweb saiti, zvinhu zvakabatana ndezvi " marudzi emasangano ane chinangwa chikuru chisiri chekuva macomputer epamhepo kana mawebhusaiti ekupinda, asi ayo kuwedzera kweinternet kwakabvumira kukosha kwekuwedzera kupihwa maererano nekushanda, ruzivo, kudyidzana nenharaunda, kana kushandiswa. .

Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinhu zvakabatana, sezvo vachiunganidza uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakosha hweruzivo zvichienderana nenharaunda, zvinopa ruzivo rwakadzama nezve mushandisi. Ruzivo urwu runogona kushandiswa kukurumidza kudzivirira panjodzi kana chiitiko chisina kujairika (kutadza kwemuchina kana mwero wakakwira zvakanyanya kana wakaderera).

Building chikamu chiri pachena kuti hachina kusarudzika kune iyi pfungwa uye mhinduro dzakaita seSolution Selex (yakabatana chivakwa) chabuda. Mhinduro idzi dzichaona kusashanda, kuwedzera kuchengetedza kuchengetedza, uye nekudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Mimwe mienzaniso iripo. Muchinyorwa chedu chakapfuura pamusoro penhau kuBauma 2016, takakuzivisa iwe kuTopcon's GX-55 control unit, iyo inopa chaiyo-nguva ruzivo panguva yekuchera.

Big Data: data rekugadzirisa webhusaiti

Data huru muindasitiri yekuvaka

Izwi iri rakatanga kuUnited States mukutanga 2000s pasi pehutungamiriri hweGoogle, Yahoo, kana Apache. Mazwi makuru echiFrench anoreva zvakananga kune data hombe "megadata" kana "data hombe". Iyo yekupedzisira inoreva isina kurongeka uye yakakura kwazvo dataset, izvo zvinoita kuti zvisabatsire kugadzirisa iyi data nemidziyo yakajairika. Inobva pamusimboti 3B (kana kunyange 5):

• Nhamba ye data yakagadziriswa inogara uye inokurumidza kuwedzera;
• Kumhanyisa nekuti kuunganidza, kuongorora uye kushandiswa kweiyi data kunofanirwa kuitwa munguva chaiyo;
• Kusiyana nekuti data inounganidzwa kubva kwakasiyana uye isina kurongeka masosi.

Kune akawanda maapplication kubva kuhutano, chengetedzo, inishuwarenzi, kugovera.

Imwe yemuenzaniso wakakurumbira wekushandiswa kwedata hombe mukati indasitiri yekuvaka ndiyo "Smart grid". Iyo yekupedzisira ndeyekutaurirana network iyo inokutendera iwe kuti utore network munguva chaiyo kuitira kukwidziridza zviwanikwa zvayo.

Drones muindastiri yekuvaka: mufananidzo uri nani webasa ririkuenderera mberi?

Drone muindasitiri yekuvaka © Pixiel

Kufanana nehunyanzvi huzhinji, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa kwaakabva chaizvo mumunda wemauto. Kekutanga, ma drones akashandiswa panguva yekunetsana kwema1990s (Kosovo, Iraq) kuita mabasa ekuongorora. .

Zvinoenderana netsanangudzo yakapihwa neINSA Strasbourg, drone " ndege isina munhu, inotyairwa iri kure, inozvimiririra, kana ndege inongozvimirira inokwanisa kutakura mitoro yakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kuita mishoni yakati wandei nekufamba kwenguva. Ndege inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekugona kwayo. «

Nzvimbo idzo drones inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyekuchengetedza, kuvaka , hutano uye aeronautics. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vakaonekwa panzvimbo dzekuvaka sechiedzo. Iwo anoshandiswa kugadzira 3D modhi, kuita topographic ongororo, kuongorora zvakaoma-kusvika-kusvika zvimiro, kutarisa kusimudzira kwenzvimbo dzekuvaka, uye kuita ongororo yesimba. Benefits for indasitiri yekuvaka yakaratidzwa mukati kugadzirwa kwepamusoro, hupfumi hwehukuru uye kuchengetedzwa kwakavandudzwa panzvimbo dzekuvaka.

Robhoti: mavara ane mukurumbira

Marobhoti, anotyiswa uye anotyirwa nokuda kwechitarisiko chawo, zvishoma nezvishoma ari kutanga kuoneka panzvimbo dzokuvaka. Kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza ndiyo nharo huru yevatsigiri verobhoti. Nekudaro, zvipingaidzo zvenguva zvine chekuita nekumhanya kwekuvakwa kwenzvimbo uye kudiwa kwekudzikisa mutengo wevashandi zvakakonzerawo kupararira kwayo.

Adrian's Robot © Fast Brick Robotics

Marobhoti, anotyiswa uye anotyirwa nokuda kwechitarisiko chawo, zvishoma nezvishoma ari kutanga kuoneka panzvimbo dzokuvaka. Kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza ndiyo nharo huru yevatsigiri verobhoti. Nekudaro, zvipingaidzo zvenguva zvine chekuita nekumhanya kwekuvakwa kwenzvimbo uye kudiwa kwekudzikisa mutengo wevashandi zvakakonzerawo kupararira kwayo.

Kana kune akawanda mamodheru, vanotaura nezveimwe. Zita rake ndiAdrian. Robhoti iri - hutsva hweindasitiri ... Maererano nemusiki wayo, Mark Pivac, achave nemukana wekuvaka imba munguva isingasviki zuva. Speed ​​yaitorota. Inokwanisa kuunganidza 1000 zvidhinha paawa (zvichienderana ne120-350 yemushandi), uye ine 28 metres boom, iyo inobvumira kusangana kwakanyatsojeka. Chivimbiso chekukurumidza uye nekururama!

Kukakavadzana kwakakurumidza kumuka nekuti aipomerwa mhosva yekuparadza mabasa mazhinji. Kupokana uku kwakakonzerwa nemuvambi waro, anotenda kuti zvinongotora vashandi vaviri kuvaka chivakwa, mumwe achichibata uye mumwe kuti ave nechokwadi chemhedzisiro. Nekudaro, mutengo wayo wakakwira unoreva kuti maFrench haana kugadzirira kuona ichi chinhu chinonakidza chiri pedyo.

Kuzvirapa kongiri

Nokufamba kwenguva, kongiri inoora uye inoita mitswe. Izvi zvinotungamirira kumvura ingress uye kuora kwesimbi. Nokudaro, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kukuputsika kwechimiro. Kubva 2006, microbiologist Hank Yonkers anga achigadzira innovation : kongiri inokwanisa kuvhara microcracks pachayo. Nokuda kweizvi, mabhakitiriya anounzwa muzvinyorwa. Pakusangana nemvura, vanoshandura chikafu kuita limestone uye kugadzirisa madiki-diki asati akura. Kongiri yakasimba uye isingadhuri inoramba ichinyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Hupenyu hwesevhisi hwayo hune makore zana, uye nekuda kwekuita uku, inogona kuwedzerwa ne100-20%.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe nerutsigiro rwakapihwa neEuropean Union kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hwesaiti dzavanogadzira, democratization yeiyi nzira yakaoma kuona nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro ehupfumi. Chikonzero chacho? Kunyanya kudhura sezvo inofungidzirwa kuva 50% inodhura kupfuura kongiri yenguva dzose. Asi pakupedzisira, inomirira imwe yakakomba imwe yezvivakwa, zvichienderana nekudonha kana kuora (tunnels, marine environments, etc.).

Collaborative economics inoshandiswa pakuvaka

Kubatana kwehupfumi muindasitiri yekuvaka

Hupfumi hwekubatana hwakabuda mudambudziko rehupfumi uye hwave nemukurumbira pamapuratifomu akadai seAirBnB neBlablacar. Hupfumi uhu, uhwo hunofarira kushandiswa pamusoro pemidziyo, hunoratidzika kunge huri kusimukira muzvikamu zvese nemaindasitiri. Kugadzirisa zviwanikwa kuburikidza nekugovana kwagara kuripo mukati indasitiri yekuvaka, asi yakanga isina kugadzirwa. Kugadziriswa kwemapuratifomu akadai seTracktor kunobvumira makambani ekuvaka kuhaya michina isingashandiswe, kuunza imwe mari uye kuderedza marara.

Rwendo rwe zvitsva zvakajeka kuti hazvina kukwana. Tinogona kutaura nezve mahwendefa ekutonga kwekubatana, nezve augmented real. Nyaya ino yabata pfungwa dzako here? Goverana nevaunobata navo!