ABS 25 makore
Kunyange zvazvo motokari dzokutanga dzakanga dzanonoka zvikuru kupfuura zvadzave mazuva ano, chakaitika ndechokuti panzvimbo pokumira, motokari yakafamba yakakiiwa mavhiri.
Matambudziko ekukiya mavhiri kana braking anenge akura semota. Kunyange zvazvo motokari dzokutanga dzakanga dzanonoka zvikuru kupfuura zvadzave mazuva ano, chakaitika ndechokuti panzvimbo pokumira, motokari yakafamba yakakiiwa mavhiri.
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Kuedza yekutanga ABS masisitimu - kuruboshwe pamusoro pemugwagwa nekubata zvakanaka, inotsvedza kuruboshwe. |
Pamusoro pekuedza kudzivirira mamiriro akadai, vagadziri vanga vachikwenya pfungwa dzavo kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore re1936. Yekutanga "anti-lock brake mudziyo" Bosch akanyorera patent kumashure muna 40. Nekudaro, masisitimu haana kugadzirwa-akawanda kweanopfuura makore XNUMX. Nekudaro, iwo anotevera prototype masisitimu aive nezvakawanda zvimhingamupinyi, ainonoka uye achidhura zvakanyanya pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
Muna 1964, Bosch akatanga kuyedza iyo ABS system. Makore maviri gare gare, migumisiro yekutanga yakawanikwa. Mota idzi dzaive nemabhureki madaro mapfupi, kubata zviri nani uye kugadzikana kwemakona. Chiitiko chakaunganidzwa panguva iyoyo chakashandiswa mukuvakwa kweiyo ABS1 sisitimu, zvinhu zvaro zvichiri kushandiswa mune zvemazuva ano masisitimu. ABS-1 yakatanga kuita mabasa ayo muna 1970, asi yakanga yakaoma zvikuru - ine 1000 analog elements. Mukuwedzera, kusimba kwavo uye kuvimbika kwakanga kusati kwakwana kuisa hurongwa mukugadzirwa. Kuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hwedhijitari kwakadzikisa huwandu hwezvinhu kusvika 140. Zvisineyi, kunyangwe muhurongwa hwemazuva ano kuchine zvinhu zvaive muABS 1.
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Kunonoka 70s - ABS inouya kuMercedes. |
Somugumisiro, chizvarwa chechipiri cheABS, mushure memakore gumi nemana ekutsvakurudza, chakave chakanyatsoshanda uye chakachengeteka zvokuti chakasarudzwa kuti chiise mukugadzirwa. Zvisinei, chakanga chiri chisarudzo chinodhura. Payakatangwa muna 14, yakapiwa kumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro - kutanga Mercedes S-Kirasi uye ipapo BMW 1978 Series. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriyoni eABS masisitimu akabudiswa mumakore masere. muna 7, nhamba yeABS masisitimu akagadzirwa akadarika mamirioni makumi mashanu. Kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura, mutengo wekugadzirwa kweABS yezvizvarwa zvinotevera wakadzikira zvakanyanya zvekuti nhasi iyi system inopihwa kunyangwe mota diki dzakachipa. ABS parizvino ine 8 muzana. inotengeswa kuWestern Europe. Motokari dzese dzinofanirwa kuve nazvo kubva pakati pe1999.
Mainjiniya vanogara vachiedza kurerutsa sisitimu, kuderedza huwandu hwezvikamu (izvo zvichawedzera kuvimbika) uye kuderedza uremu.
Iwo mabasa uye kugona kweiyo sisitimu iri kuvandudzwa, iyo ikozvino inobvumira kugoverwa kwemagetsi kwesimba rebhureki pakati peaxles.
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Pakubhureki mukona, mota isina ABS inotsvedza nekukurumidza. |
ABS zvakare yakave hwaro hwekuvandudza masisitimu akadai seASR, yakaunzwa muna 1987, kudzivirira kutsvedza panguva yekumhanyisa uye ESP yemagetsi traction control system. Mhinduro iyi, yakaunzwa naBosch muna 1995, inovandudza kugadzikana kwete chete kana uchimhanyisa uye uchimhanyisa, asiwo mune mamwe mamiriro, senge kana uchityaira uchitenderedza macurves panzvimbo inotsvedza. Haigoni kungoderedza mavhiri ega ega, asiwo inoderedza simba rejini mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune ngozi yekusvetuka.
Iyo ABS inoshanda sei
Vhiri rega rega rine masensa anozivisa njodzi yekuvharika kwemavhiri. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo system inobvisa kudzvanywa mumutsara webhureki kune inovharira vhiri. Kana yatanga kutenderera zvakajairika zvakare, pressure inodzokera kune yakajairika uye mabhureki anotanga kubhureka vhiri zvakare. Iyo algorithm yakafanana inodzokororwa pese pese pavharwa vhiri kana mutyairi abata mabhureki. Kutenderera kwese kunokurumidza kukurumidza, saka kunzwa kwekupuruzira, sekunge kune mapfupi mapfupi mumavhiri.
Haaiti minana
Mumugwagwa unotsvedza, mota ine ABS inomira pamberi pemota isina iyi system, iyo "inotsvedza" chikamu chebhureki chinhambwe pamavhiri akakiiwa. Zvisinei, mumugwagwa unobata zvakanaka, motokari ine ABS inomira mberi kupfuura motokari inokwenya matai emavhiri akakiiwa, ichisiya nzira yerabha nhema kumashure. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzakaita sejecha kana matombo.
