ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG nevamwe - zvinorevei motokari mapfupiso

Tsvaga izvo zviri kuseri kwezvipfupiso zvemotokari zvakakurumbira seABS, ESP, TDI, DSG uye ASR.

Wepakati mutyairi anogona kuita dzungu kubva kune acronyms anoshandiswa kureva akasiyana masisitimu mumotokari. Uyezve, motokari dzemazuva ano dzakazadzwa nemagetsi emagetsi, mazita ayo kazhinji asina kugadzirwa mumatengo emitengo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mota yakashandiswa yakashongedzerwa nei kana izvo zvinorehwa neinjini.

Onawo: ESP, cruise control, kupaka sensors - ndeipi midziyo iri pamotokari?

Pazasi tinopa tsananguro dzakakodzera dzezvakanyanya uye zvakakurumbira zvipfupiso uye mazwi.

4 - MATIK - zvachose mana-mavhiri kutyaira muMercedes mota. Inogona kuwanikwa chete mumotokari dzine otomatiki hutachiwana.

4 - KUFAMBA - mavhiri mana. Volkswagen inoshandisa iyo.

4WD - mavhiri mana.

8V, 16V - nhamba uye urongwa hwevhavha pajini. Iyo 8V unit ine mavharuvhu maviri pacylinder, i.e. mana-humburumbira injini ine mavharuvhu masere. Kune rimwe divi, pa16V, pane mavharuvhu mana pahumburumbira, saka kune mavharuvhu gumi nematanhatu mune ina-cylinder injini.

A / C. - donhodzo remhepo.

RUDZIDZO - yemagetsi sisitimu yekuchengetedza inogara ichimhanya mota.

AB (airbag) - air bag. Mumotokari nyowani, tinowana anokwana maviri emberi maairbag: emutyairi nemutakuri. Mota dzechikuru dzinogona kuva nazvo kana kuti hadzina. Iwo ari chikamu cheasina kuchengetedzeka masisitimu uye akagadzirirwa kutora kukanganiswa kwezvikamu zvechombo (kunyanya musoro) pane zvese zvemotokari mutsaona. Huwandu hwemotokari neshanduro dzemidziyo iri kukura, kusanganisira mabhegi eparutivi, mabhegi emhepo eketeni kana bhegi remhepo yemabvi - kudzivirira mabvi omutyairi.   

alphabet

- kushingaira kumiswa kugadzirisa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekushingaira kudzora muviri roll. Inoshanda zvakanaka kana uchityaira uchimhanya mumakona kana pakubata mabhureki zvine simba kana mota iine tsika yekunyura. 

US -Otomatiki musiyano wekuvhara.  

ABS -Anti-lock braking system. Icho chikamu cheiyo braking system. Izvi zvinobvumira, semuenzaniso, kutonga kukuru kwemotokari / kubata kwayo mushure mekudzvinyirira brake pedal.

ACC -Kushanda kudzora kwekumhanya uye chinhambwe kune mota iri kumberi. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ugadzirise kumhanya kwakakodzera kuchengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka. Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo system inogona kutyora mota. Rimwe zita reiyi chip ndiICC.

AFS - adaptive pamberi pechiedza system. Inodzora danda rakanyudzwa, richigadzirisa danda rayo maererano nemamiriro emugwagwa.

AFL -Kona yekuvhenekesa sisitimu kuburikidza nemwenje.  

ALR - otomatiki kukiya kwechigaro bhandi tensioner.

ASR - traction control system. Basa rekudzivirira kutsvedza kwevhiri panguva yekumhanyisa, i.e. kutenderera. Pakangoonekwa kutsvedza kwevhiri, kumhanya kwaro kunodzikiswa. Mukuita, semuenzaniso, kana motokari yakafukidzwa nejecha, dzimwe nguva hurongwa hunofanira kuvharwa kuitira kuti mavhiri anogona kutenderera. Mamwe mazita echipu ichi DCS kana TCS. 

AT - Kutapurirana otomatiki.

Onawo: Kushanda kweGearbox - maitiro ekudzivirira kugadzirisa kunodhura

pasi pasi

- electronic brake booster. Inoshanda neABS. Inokwirisa kushanda kweiyo braking system panguva yakaoma yekukurumidzira braking. Somuenzaniso, Ford ane zita rakasiyana - EVA, uye Skoda - MVA.

CDI - Mercedes injini yedhiziri ine yakajairika njanji dizeli yakananga jekiseni.   

CDTI - dizeli injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni. Inoshandiswa muOpel mota.

CR/common njanji - rudzi rwejekiseni remafuta muinjini dzedhiziri. Zvakanakira mhinduro iyi zvinosanganisira kushanda kweinjini yakapfava, kushandiswa kwemafuta zviri nani, ruzha rushoma uye chepfu shoma mumagasi emhepo.

CRD - injini dzedhiziri dzine yakajairika njanji jekiseni system. Inoshandiswa mumhando dzinotevera: Jeep, Chrysler, Dodge.

CRDi

- injini dzedhiziri dzinoshandiswa mumotokari dzeKia neHyundai.

Onawo: Brake system - nguva yekuchinja mapadhi, madhisiki uye fluid - gwara

D4 - Toyota ina-cylinder peturu injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

D4D - Toyota mana-cylinder dizeli injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

D5 - Volvo dhiziri injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

DCI -Renault dizeli injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

NDAKAITA -Mitsubishi dizeli injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

DPF kana FAP - particulate sefa. Yakaiswa mumagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano dizeli injini. Inochenesa gasi remhepo kubva kune soot particles. Kuunzwa kwemasefa eDPF kwakabvisa kubuda kwehutsi hutema, zvinova zvakajairwa kumota dzechikuru dzine injini dzedhiziri. Nekudaro, vatyairi vazhinji vanoona chinhu ichi chiri dambudziko guru nekuchichenesa.

DOHC - kaviri camshaft mumusoro wesimba remagetsi. Mumwe wavo ane basa rekudzora mavharuvhu ekutora, imwe yacho kune mavharuvhu ekupedza.

DSG - gearbox yakaunzwa neVolkswagen. Iri bhokisi regiya rine maclutches maviri, rimwe remagiya akaenzana uye rimwe remagiya asinganzwisisike. Kune otomatiki modhi pamwe neanoteedzana manyorero maitiro. Bhokisi regiya pano rinoshanda nekukasira - magiya anochinja anongoita ipapo ipapo.  

DTI - injini yedhiziri, inozivikanwa kubva kuOpel mota.

EBD - Electronic brake simba kugovera (mberi, kumashure, kurudyi uye kuruboshwe mavhiri).

EBS - electronic braking system.

EDS - electronic differential lock.

subotnji - yemagetsi mafuta jekiseni repeturu injini.

ESP / ESC - kugadzikana kwemagetsi kwenzira yemotokari (inodzivirirawo skidding kumativi uye inodzivirira kurasikirwa kwekutonga). Kana ma sensors achiona mota skid, semuenzaniso mushure mekupinda mukona, sisitimu inobhureki mavhiri (rimwe kana kupfuura) kudzosa mota munzira. Zvichienderana nemugadziri wemotokari, mazwi akasiyana echirongwa ichi anoshandiswa: VSA, VDK, DSC, DSA.

Onawo: defroster kana ice scraper? Nzira dzekuchenesa mahwindo kubva kuchando

ISP -kusarudzwa kweinjini dzepeturu ine yakananga jekiseni remafuta. Ivo vakagadzirwa neVolkswagen.  

FWD - aya ndiwo manyorerwo emota dzine kumberi-vhiri dhiraivha.

Gdi -Mitsubishi peturu injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni. Iine simba rakawanda, kushandiswa kwemafuta kushoma uye kushomeka kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo zvichienzaniswa neinjini yakajairika.

GT kureva Gran Turismo. Iyi mitambo, yakasimba shanduro dzemotokari dzekugadzira dzinotsanangurwa.

HBA - hydraulic brake mubatsiri wekukurumidzira braking.   

HDC - hill descent control system. Inodzikamisa sipidhi kusvika kunhanho yakatarwa.

HDI

- high-pressure power supply system yeinjini yedhiziri ine yakananga jekiseni remafuta. Dhivha mayuniti anonziwo seizvi. Zita racho rinoshandiswa nePeugeot neCitroen.

mugomo - ndiro zita remubatsiri wechikomo. Tinogona kumisa mota mugomo uye haiburukike. Hapana chikonzero chekushandisa handbrake. Panguva yatinofamba, sisitimu inomira kushanda.  

HPI -Yakakwira kudzvanywa peturu yakananga jekiseni uye kuzivikanwa kweinjini dzepeturu umo inoshandiswa. Mhinduro inoshandiswa nePeugeot neCitroen. 

Onawo: Turbo mumotokari - simba rakawanda, asi dambudziko rakawanda. Guide

IDE - Renault peturu injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

isofix -Sitimu yekubatanidza zvigaro zvevana pazvigaro zvemotokari.

JT kuwedzera - Fiat injini dzedhiziri, inowanikwawo muLancia neAlfa Romeo. Vane yakananga yakajairika njanji mafuta jekiseni.

JTS - Idzi ndiFiat peturu injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni.

KM - simba mubhiza: semuenzaniso, 105 hp

km / h -kumhanya mumakiromita paawa: semuenzaniso, 120 km/h.

akatungamirira

- light emitting diode. Ma LED ane hupenyu hwakareba kupfuura mwenje wemotokari yechinyakare. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mune taillights uye masikati anomhanya modules.

LSD --kuzvivharira musiyano.

marambi - Injini dzine multipoint jekiseni.

IAS - anti-skid system inozadzisa iyo ASR. Inodzivirira kuti mavhiri asatenderere kana mutyairi abhureki nenjini. 

MT - Manual Transmission.

MZR - Mazda peturu injini mhuri.

MZR-CD -Mazda yakajairika njanji jekiseni injini inoshandiswa mumhando dzazvino.

RWD Idzi imotokari dzinotyaira kumashure.

SAHR - Saab inoshanda yekudzora musoro. Muchiitiko chekudzoka shure, izvi zvinoderedza ngozi yekukuvara kwe whiplash.

SBC - Electronic brake control system. Inoshandiswa muMercedes. Inosanganisa mamwe masisitimu anokanganisa mabhureki emotokari, akadai seBAS, EBD kana ABS, ESP (chikamu).

SDI -zvakasikwa aspirated dizeli injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni. Aya mayunitsi akajairwa kumotokari dzeVolkswagen.

SOHC - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo injini dzine imwe yepamusoro camshaft inomakwa.

SRS - passive kuchengetedza sisitimu, kusanganisira bhandi rechigaro pretensioners ane airbag.

Krd4 / Kd5 - Land Rover madhiziri.

TDKI -Ford injini dzedhiziri ine yakajairika njanji yakananga jekiseni. 

TDDI - Ford turbocharged dhiziri ine intercooler.

TDI - turbodiesel ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni. Iri zita rinoshandiswa mumotokari dzeboka reVolkswagen.

TDS ishanduro ine simba kwazvo yeTD dhiziri inoshandiswa neBMW. Kumaka TD kana kwekutanga D kwakashandiswa muhuwandu hwemotokari, zvisinei nemugadziri. Iyo TDS mota yakaiswa zvakare, semuenzaniso, muOpel Omega. Mafungiro evashandisi vazhinji akadai zvekuti Opel yakave nekuparara kwakawanda uye yakakonzera dambudziko. 

Onawo: Injini yekugadzirisa - mukutsvaga simba - gwara

TSI - Iri zita rinoreva injini dzepeturu dzine mbiri mbiri. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yakagadzirwa neVolkswagen iyo inowedzera simba rechitima chemagetsi pasina kukonzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta kana ichienzaniswa nejini yakajairika.

TFSI kuwedzera -injini idzi zvakare dzakakurisa peturu injini - dzakaiswa pamotokari dzeAudi - dzinosiyaniswa nesimba rakawanda uye kuderera kwemafuta.

TiD - turbodiesel, yakaungana muSabah.

TTiD - maviri-charge unit inoshandiswa muSaab.

V6 - V-yakaita injini ine 6 masilinda.

V8 - V-yakaumbwa yuniti ine masilinda masere.

VTEC

- electronic valve control, variable valve timing system. Inoshandiswa muHonda.

VTG - turbocharger ine inosiyana turbine geometry. Izvi zvinodiwa kubvisa iyo inonzi turbo lag.

VVT-I - hurongwa hwekushandura nguva yevhavha. Inowanikwa muToyota.

Zatec - Ford mana-cylinder peturu injini dzine mavharuvhu mana pahumburumbira. Musoro une macamshaft maviri.

Mafungiro - Radosław Jaskulski, murairidzi wekutyaira akachengeteka paAuto Skoda Chikoro:

Chokwadi, tekinoroji yemotokari iri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza zvekuti iye zvino tava kuwana ruzivo rutsva uye rwepamusoro-soro mumotokari kupfuura kunyange mwedzi mitanhatu kana gore rapfuura. Kana zvasvika kune anoshanda ekuchengetedza masisitimu, mamwe acho anofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya uye zvakakodzera kutarisa kana ari mairi kana uchitenga mota nyowani kana yakashandiswa. Nokuti vanobatsira chaizvo.

Pakati pepakati, hongu, ABS. Mota isina ABS yakafanana nekutyaira ngoro. Ndinowanzoona vanhu vanoda kutenga yakashandiswa, motokari yekare vachiti, "Sei ndichida ABS?" Pane air conditioning, zvakwana. Mhinduro yangu ipfupi. Kana iwe ukaisa nyaradzo pamusoro pekuchengetedza, saka iyi isarudzo inoshamisa, isina musoro. Ndinoda kusimbisa kuti zvakanaka kuziva chii ABS mumotokari. Zvizvarwa zvekare zvegadziriro iyi zvaishanda zvakanaka, zvaishanda, asi zvaidzora maekisero emotokari. Pakudzika, mota yaiti ikasvetuka, kumashure kwaigona kutanga kutiza zvakanyanya. Muzvizvarwa zvitsva, brake force distribution system yakaonekwa pamavhiri ega ega. Yakakwana mhinduro.

Kubatsira mabhureki chikamu chakakosha cheiyo braking system. Nekudaro, zvakanaka kutarisa munzvimbo yakachengeteka kuti inoshanda sei mune imwe modhi. Mune ese, inobatidzwa nekukasira kana iwe ukadzvanya brake pedal zvakasimba, asi mabasa akadai searamu haagare akabatidzwa panguva imwe chete. Inofanirawo kuyeukwa kuti kana, motokari isati yasvika pakumira kwakakwana, mutyairi anotora rutsoka rwake kubva pagesi kunyange kwechinguva, nokuti, semuenzaniso, kutyisidzira kwapfuura, hurongwa huchadzima.

Tinouya kuESP. Iyo chaiyo pfuma yehurongwa nekuti ine akawanda maficha. Kunyange zvazvo ndinotevera nhau uye ndichiedza kugara ndichifambirana nenguva, handigoni kuvarangarira vose. Chero nzira, ESP imhinduro huru. Inochengeta mota yakatsiga panjanji, inobatidza - kunyangwe iyo yekumashure painotanga kupfuura kumberi kwemota - ipapo ipapo. Yazvino ESP masisitimu anodzivirira mavhiri ese kubva pakuderera nekukurumidza sezvinobvira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emugwagwa. ESP ine simba rimwechete rakasimba pane chero mutyairi: inogara ichiita nenzira imwechete uye kubva pachikamu chekutanga chechipiri, uye kwete kubva kune imwe yechipiri kana nguva yekuita yapera.

Chinyorwa uye mufananidzo: Piotr Walchak