Adaptive mota kuturika

Chinyorwa chinotsanangura musimboti wekushanda kweiyo adaptive kumiswa kwemotokari, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira, pamwe nemudziyo. Mienzaniso mikuru yemichina iyo iyo michina uye mari yekugadzirisa inowanikwa inoratidzwa. Pakupera kwechinyorwa, vhidhiyo kuongororwa kweiyo musimboti wekushanda kweiyo adaptive kumiswa Chinyorwa chinotsanangura iyo musimboti wekushanda kweiyo adaptive kumiswa kwemotokari, zvakanakira nezvayakaipira, pamwe nemudziyo. Mienzaniso mikuru yemichina iyo iyo michina uye mari yekugadzirisa inowanikwa inoratidzwa. Pakupera kwechinyorwa pane ongororo yevhidhiyo yenheyo yekushanda kweiyo adaptive kumiswa.

Kumiswa kwemotokari kunoonekwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa kunyaradza uye kugona kufamba. Sezvo mutemo, uku kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, nodes uye zvinhu, chimwe nechimwe chine basa rinokosha. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, takambotarisa MacPherson struts, multi-link uye torsion danda, saka pane chimwe chinhu chekufananidza nacho uye kunzwisisa kuti kunyaradza kwakadii kuri nani kana kushata, kugadzirisa kwakachipa kana kunodhura, pamwe nekugadzirisa kumiswa uye nheyo yekushanda inogadziriswa.

Chii chinonzi adaptive suspension

Kubva pazita racho pacharo, kuti kumiswa kunogadzirisa, zvinova pachena kuti iyo system inogona otomatiki kana pane-bhodhi mirairo yemakomputa kushandura mamwe maitiro, paramita uye kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemutyairi kana mugwagwa wepamusoro. Kune vamwe vanogadzira, iyi vhezheni yemuchina inonziwo semi-inoshanda.

Hunhu hukuru hweiyo meshini yese dhigirii rekunyorovesa kweanokatyamadza anotora (kasi yekunyorovesa vibrations uye kuderedza kutapurirana kwekuvhunduka kumuviri). Kutaurwa kwekutanga kweiyo adapta nzira yave ichizivikanwa kubva kuma50s ezana ramakore rechi20. Vagadziri vakabva vatanga kushandisa hydropneumatic struts panzvimbo pechinyakare dampers uye zvitubu. Hwaro hwacho hwaive hydraulic cylinders uye hydraulic accumulators muchimiro chemativi. Nheyo yekushanda yakanga iri nyore, nekuda kwekuchinja kwekumanikidza kwemvura, maparamita echigadziko uye chassis yemotokari yakachinja.

Motokari yekutanga umo hydropneumatic strut yakawanikwa yaive Citroen, yakabudiswa muna 1954.

Gare gare, nzira imwe chete yakashandiswa kumotokari dzeDS, uye kutanga kubva kuma90s, kumiswa kweHydraactive kwakaonekwa, iyo inoshandiswa uye inovandudzwa nevainjiniya kusvikira nhasi. Nekuwedzera emagetsi uye otomatiki kudzora masisitimu, iyo michina pachayo inogona kuchinjirwa kune nzira yemugwagwa kana maitiro ekutyaira kwemutyairi. Nokudaro, zviri pachena kuti chikamu chikuru chezvino chinogadzirisa maitiro ndeyemagetsi uye hydropneumatic racks iyo inogona kuchinja maitiro zvichienderana nemasikirini akasiyana-siyana uye kuongororwa kwekombuta.

Inoita sei iyo adaptive kumiswa kwemota

Zvichienderana nemugadziri, kumiswa uye zvikamu zvinogona kuchinja, asi kune zvakare zvinhu izvo zvichave zvakajairwa kune ese sarudzo. Kazhinji, iyi seti inosanganisira:

• yemagetsi yekudzora unit;
• inoshanda racks (inogadziriswa mota racks);
• anti-roll bars ine inogadziriswa basa;
• masensor akasiyana-siyana (kushata kwemugwagwa, kutenderera kwemuviri, kucheneswa, nezvimwe).

Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvakanyorwa chine basa rakakosha rekushanda kweiyo adaptive automation system. Mwoyo wemuchina ndiyo yemagetsi kumiswa kutonga unit yemotokari, ndiye ane basa rekusarudza maitiro uye kumisikidza nzira dzega. Sezvo mutemo, inoongorora ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kubva kune dzakasiyana-siyana sensors, kana kugamuchira murairo kubva kune manual unit (sector inodzorwa nemutyairi). Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechiratidzo chakagamuchirwa, kugadziriswa kwekuoma kuchava otomatiki (munyaya yekuunganidza ruzivo kubva kune sensors) kana kumanikidzwa (nemutyairi).

Izvo zvakakosha zvemagetsi zvinogadziriswa stabilizer bar zvakafanana neyakajairwa anti-roll bar, mutsauko chete ndeye kugona kugadzirisa dhigirii rekuomarara zvichienderana nekuraira kubva kune control unit. Inowanzoshanda panguva yekufambisa motokari, nokudaro kuderedza muviri. Iyo control unit inokwanisa kuverenga zvikwangwani mumamilliseconds, izvo zvinokutendera kuti upindure ipapo kune mabumps emumugwagwa uye akasiyana mamiriro.

Vehicle adaptive base sensors inowanzove yakakosha michina ine chinangwa chekuyera uye kuunganidza ruzivo nekuiendesa kune yepakati control unit. Semuenzaniso, sensor yekumhanyisa mota inounganidza data pamusoro pemhando yemotokari dzinodhura, uye panguva yekutenderera kwemuviri inoshanda uye inotumira ruzivo kune control unit.

Yechipiri sensor ndeye mugwagwa bump sensor, inobata kune mabumps uye inotumira ruzivo nezve vertical vibrations yemuviri wemotokari. Vakawanda vanomuona iye mukuru, sezvo ari iye ane basa rekugadzirisa kunotevera kwe racks. Hapana chakanyanya kukosha inzvimbo yemuviri sensor, ine basa reiyo yakatwasuka chinzvimbo uye panguva yekufambisa inotumira data pane inorerekera yemuviri (kana braking kana kumhanyisa). Kazhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, muviri wemotokari unosendamira mberi panguva yakaoma braking kana kumashure panguva yakaoma kukurumidza.

Sezvinoratidzwa, inogadziriswa inogadziriswa kumiswa struts

Iyo yekupedzisira tsanangudzo yeadaptive system inogadziriswa (inoshanda) racks. Zvinhu izvi zvinokurumidza kutarisana nepamusoro pemugwagwa, pamwe chete nemhando yemotokari. Nokushandura kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura mukati, kuoma kwekumiswa kwese kunoshandukawo. Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa marudzi maviri makuru emheni inoshanda: ine magnetic rheological fluid uye ine electromagnetic valve.

Shanduro yekutanga yeracks inoshanda yakazadzwa nemvura yakakosha. Iko viscosity yemvura inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nesimba reiyo electromagnetic field. Iyo yakakura kupikisa kwemvura kuti ipfuure nepakati pevharuvhu, iyo yakasimba chigadziko chemotokari chichava. Masimbi akadaro anoshandiswa mumotokari dzeCadillac neChevrolet (MagneRide) kana Audi (Magnetic Ride) Solenoid valve struts inoshandura kuoma kwayo nekuvhura kana kuvhara vharafu (variable section valve). Zvichienderana nemurairo kubva kuchikwata chekutonga, chikamu chinoshanduka, uye kuoma kweraki kunoshanduka zvichienderana. Iyi mhando yemashini inogona kuwanikwa mukumiswa kweVolkswagen (DCC), Mercedes-Benz (ADS), Toyota (AVS), Opel (CDS) uye BMW (EDC) mota.

Kumiswa kwemotokari kunoshanda sei

Chinhu chimwe chete kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga zvekuchinjika kumiswa, uye zvimwewo kunzwisisa kuti zvinoshanda sei. Mushure mezvose, ndiyo chaiyo musimboti wekushanda unozopa zano remikana uye makesi ekushandisa. Kutanga, funga nezvesarudzo ye otomatiki kusimisa kudzora, apo pa-bhodhi komputa uye yemagetsi control unit ine mutoro weiyo nhanho yekuoma uye zvigadziriso. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sisitimu inounganidza ruzivo rwese kubva pakuchenesa, kukurumidza uye mamwe ma sensors, uye wozoendesa zvese kune control unit.

Vhidhiyo inoratidza musimboti wekushanda kweVolkswagen adaptive kumiswa

Iyo yekupedzisira inoongorora ruzivo uye inotora mhedziso pamusoro pemamiriro emugwagwa wepamusoro, maitiro ekutyaira kwemutyairi uye mamwe maitiro emotokari. Zvinoenderana nemhedziso, iyo block inotumira mirairo kugadzirisa kuomarara kweiyo struts, kudzora anti-roll bar, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kunyaradza mucabin uye zvakabatana nebasa reiyo mota inogadzirisa base. Izvo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti zvese zvinhu uye ruzivo zvakabatana uye zvinoshanda kwete chete kugamuchira mirairo, asiwo kupindura kune chimiro, yakagadziriswa mirairo, uye kudiwa kwekugadzirisa mamwe ma node. Zvinoitika kuti iyo system, kunze kwekutumira mirairo yakarongwa, inodzidzawo (inogadzirisa) kune zvinodiwa nemutyairi kana kusaenzana kwemugwagwa.

Kusiyana neotomatiki kutonga kweiyo adaptive kumiswa kwemuchina, manyorero ekutonga anosiyana mumusimboti wekushanda. Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa nzira mbiri huru: yekutanga, apo kuoma kunogadziriswa nemutyairi nechisimba nekugadzirisa maraki (uchishandisa zvigadziri pamotokari). Yechipiri sarudzo ndeye semi-manual kana semi-otomatiki, kubva pakutanga mamodhi akabatanidzwa kune yakakosha block, uye mutyairi anongofanira kusarudza nzira yekutyaira. Nokudaro, iyo inogadzirisa kumiswa kwemagetsi inotumira mirairo kune maitiro ekugadzirisa kuoma kwemaitiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, ruzivo kubva kune sensors inoverengwa zvishoma, inowanzoshandiswa kugadzirisa ma parameter aripo kuitira kuti chigadziko chive chakasununguka sezvinobvira kune mamwe mamiriro emugwagwa.Pakati pezvinowanzojairika zvigadziriso ndezvi: zvakajairwa, zvemitambo, zvakasununguka zvekudzima. -kutyaira mumugwagwa.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira adaptive mota kumiswa

Hazvina mhosva kuti nzira yacho yakarongeka sei, pachagara paine mativi akanaka uye asina kunaka (kuwedzera uye minus). Iyo inogadziriswa kumiswa kwemotokari hakuna mutsauko, kunyangwe hazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinongotaura nezve zvakanakira michina.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira adaptive mota kumiswa
zvakwakanakira	Kukanganisa
Yakanakisa kumhanya yakatsetseka	Mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira
Kubata kwakanaka kwemota (kunyangwe mumugwagwa wakashata)	Mutengo wepamusoro wekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa
Kugona kushandura nzvimbo yemahara yemotokari	Dhizaini yakaoma
Kuchinjira kumamiriro emugwagwa	Kuoma kwekugadzirisa
Kutyaira modhi sarudzo	Kutsiviwa kwemaviri e hydropneumoelements pama axles
Hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi yezvinhu zvehydropneumatic (anenge 25 km)	-

Tinoona kuti dambudziko guru rekugadziriswa kwechigadziko chemotokari ndiyo mari yakakwirira yekugadzirisa, kugadzirisa nekugadzirwa kwayo. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakagadzirwa haisi iyo yakanyanya nyore. Iko kutadza kweimwe yema sensors kuchakurumidza kukanganisa iko nyore uye kukwana kweiyo michina. Kuwedzera kukuru ndeyemagetsi, ayo anoita muchidimbu chechipiri, nokudaro achigadzira mamiriro akanaka ekushanda kwakakodzera kwemuviri wemotokari.

Misiyano mikuru yekusimisa inogadzirisa

Kuenzanisa iyo inogadziriswa yekumisa mudziyo inotsanangurwa pamusoro uye nezvimwe, senge multi-link kana MacPherson struts, misiyano inogona kucherechedzwa kunyangwe pasina hunyanzvi hwakakosha mumunda wekugadzira mota. Semuenzaniso, nepo MacPherson yakasununguka, vafambi mumotokari vachasangana nemharadzano yenzira yakanaka uye yakaipa. Kubata kwekumiswa kwakadaro mumugwagwa wakaipa kwakarasika uye haisi nguva dzose yakanakisisa munyaya yekutyaira kwemigwagwa.

Kana kuri kuchinjika, mutyairi, chaizvoizvo, angasanzwisisa apo motokari yakapinda mumugwagwa mumugariro wakashata. Iyo sisitimu inogadzirisa nekumhanya kwemheni, inoshandura mamiriro ekudzora uye kuoma kwema racks. Masensa anowedzera kunzwa, uye racks anopindura nekukurumidza kumirairo kubva kune yemagetsi control unit.

Zvichienderana nekurongeka kwechigadziriso, kuwedzera kune chaiyo racks, iyo system inosiyaniswa neakawanda sensors, marongerwo ezvikamu iwo pachawo, pamwe nekutaridzika kwakakura kuri nyore kuona kana uchitarisa vhiri remotokari. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kumiswa kwemotokari yakadaro kunogara kuchishanduka, uye hazvina musoro kutaura pamusoro pemhando ipi zvayo yakagadzirwa kana kusiyana. Mainjiniya kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri vanofunga nezvekukanganisa, kuderedza mutengo wezvikamu zvinodhura, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa uye kuwedzera kugona. Kana tikataura nezvekufanana nezvimwe zvinomisikidzwa zvinozivikanwa, saka iyo inogadzirisa sisitimu ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera kune akawanda-link kana maviri-link madhizaini.

Ndedzipi mota dzakaiswa adaptive suspension

Kutsvaga mota ine adaptive suspension kuri nyore nhasi kupfuura zvazvaive makore gumi apfuura. Tinogona kutaura kuti akawanda emhando yepamusoro mota kana maSUV akashongedzerwa neyakafanana michina. Ehezve, ichi chinowedzera kumutengo wemotokari, asiwo kuwedzera kwekunyaradza uye kubata. Pakati pemamodheru anozivikanwa:

• Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
• Audi K7;
• BMVH5;
• Mercedes-Benz GL-Kirasi;
• Volkswagen Tuareg;
• Vauxhall Movano;
• BMW 3 series;
• Lexus GX460;
• Volkswagen Caravelle.

Nomuzvarirwo, iyi ndiyo yakaderera rondedzero yemota dzinogona kuwanikwa mumugwagwa mune chero guta. Kutenda kune yakanakisa nyaradzo hunhu uye kugona kujairana nemugwagwa, iyo adapta base iri kuramba ichizivikanwa.

Scheme yemudziyo weiyo adaptive kumiswa kwemota

 

1. Front axle sensor;
2. Sensor level yemuviri (mberi kuruboshwe);
3. Muviri wekusimudzira sensor (kumberi kuruboshwe);
4. Mugamuchiri 2;
5. Level sensor, kumashure;
6. Rear axle shock absorber;
7. Muviri wekusimudzira sensor, kumashure;
8. Mugamuchiri 1;
9. Kudzora chikwata chekugadzirisa kumiswa;
10. Clearance control bhatani mu trunk yemota;
11. Air supply unit ine valve block;
12. Muviri wekusimudzira sensor, kumberi kwekurudyi;
13. Kurudyi kumberi level sensor.

Iyo huru yekuputsa sarudzo uye mutengo wekumiswa zvikamu

Kufanana nechero nzira, kumisa kwakadaro kunokundikana nekufamba kwenguva, kunyanya kupihwa kungwarira mamiriro ekushanda kwayo. Zvakaoma chaizvo kufanotaura kuti chii chaizvo chichakundikana mumagetsi akadaro, maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, racks, marudzi ose ekubatanidza zvinhu (hoses, connectors uye rubber bushings), pamwe chete nema sensors ane mutoro wekuunganidza ruzivo, anopera nokukurumidza.

Kutadza kwehunhu kweiyo adaptive base yemuchina kunogona kuve kwakasiyana sensor kukanganisa. Mukabhini unonzwa kusagadzikana, kurira, uye kunyangwe mapundu ese ari munzira. Imwe hunhu husina kunaka hunogona kunge iri yakaderera clearance yemotokari, iyo isina kudzorwa. Kazhinji, uku ndiko kutadza kwemafuremu, masilinda kana anochinjika midziyo yekumanikidza. Motokari ichagara isingakosheswi, uye hapazovi nekutaura kwekunyaradza uye kubata zvachose.

Zvichienderana nekuputsika kweiyo adaptive kumiswa kwemota, mutengo wezvimedu zvekugadzirisa uchave wakasiyana. Iko kukanganisa kukuru ndeyokuti kugadziriswa kwemaitiro akadaro kunokurumidzira, uye kana kusashanda kwakaonekwa, kunofanira kugadziriswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Mune zvinyorwa zvekare uye zvakajairika, kutadza kwekuvhunduka kana zvimwe zvikamu zvinokutendera kuti utyaire kwenguva yakareba pasina kugadziriswa. Kuti unzwisise kuti yakawanda sei kugadzirisa ichadhura, funga nezvemitengo yezvikamu zvikuru zve7 Audi Q2012.

Mutengo weadaptive kumiswa zvikamu Audi Q7 2012
zita	Mutengo kubva, rub.
Front shock absorbers	16990
Kumberi kuvhunduka absorbers	17000
kukwira kureba sensor	8029
Rack pressure valve	1888 g

Mitengo haisi iyo yakaderera, kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvikamu zvinonzi zvinogona kugadziriswa. Saka, usati wapedza kutenga chikamu chitsva uye kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza mari, tarisa paInternet kana iwe unogona kuidzorera ku "combat condition". Zvinoenderana nenhamba uye uchifunga nezve mugwagwa wepamusoro, adaptive shock absorbers uye sensors zvinowanzotadza. Shock absorbers nekuda kwemarudzi ose ekukuvadza uye kukanganisa, sensors kakawanda nekuda kwemamiriro ekushanda mumatope uye nguva dzose jerks, mumugwagwa wakaipa.

Zvinoenderana neyazvino inogadzirisa base yemotokari, tinogona kutaura kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, iyi ndiyo yakanakira sarudzo yekunyaradza uye kutyaira. Kune rumwe rutivi, mufaro unodhura zvikuru unoda kumwe kutarisirwa uye kugadzirisa panguva. Nheyo yakadaro inogona kuwanikwa kazhinji mumotokari dzinodhura uye dzepamusoro, uko kunyaradza kunonyanya kukosha. Zvinoenderana nevatyairi vazhinji, iyi michina yakanakira nzendo dzekunze-mumugwagwa, madaro marefu kana kana kunyarara mukati memotokari yako kuchikosha.

Vhidhiyo wongororo yemusimboti wekushanda kweiyo adaptive kumiswa: