Adolf Andersen ishasha yepasirese isina kunyorwa kubva kuWroclaw.
Zviri mukati
Adolf Andersen aive akatanhamara weGerman chess mutambi uye ane dambudziko rekubhejera. Muna 1851, akahwina makwikwi epasirese ekutanga muLondon, uye kubva panguva iyoyo kusvika 1958 aizivikanwa semutambi wechess akasimba pasi rose munyika yechess. Akadzika munhoroondo semumiriri anoshamisa wechikoro chemusanganiswa, iyo yerudo maitiro mu chess. Mitambo yake mikuru - "Isingafi" naKizeritsky (1851) uye "Evergreen" naDufresne (1852) yaisiyaniswa nehunyanzvi hwekurwisa, zano rekuona kure uye kunyatsoitwa kwemusanganiswa.
Mutambi wechiGerman chess Adolf Anderssen aishamwaridzana naWrocław muupenyu hwake hwose (1). Ikoko akaberekerwa (July 6, 1818), akadzidza uye akafa (March 13, 1879). Andersen akadzidza masvomhu uye uzivi paYunivhesiti yeWroclaw. Apedza chikoro, akatanga kushanda paimba yekurovedza muviri, kutanga somurayiridzi uyezve sapurofesa wemasvomhu nechiGerman.
Akadzidza mitemo yechess kubva kuna baba vake pazera remakore mapfumbamwe, uye pakutanga akanga asina kunyatsogona pairi. Akave nehanya nenyika yechess muna 1842 paakatanga kuunganidza nekudhinda matambudziko echess. Muna 1846 akapinzwa basa semuparidzi wemagazini yakanga ichangogadzirwa Schachzeitung, yakazozivikanwa seDeutsche Schachzeitung (German Chess Newspaper).
Muna 1848, Andersen asingatarisirwi akadhirowa naDaniel Harrwitz, ipapo shasha inozivikanwa nevakawanda yekutamba nekukurumidza. Kubudirira uku uye basa raAndersen semutori wenhau wechess zvakabatsira pakugadzwa kwake kumiririra Germany pamutambo mukuru wekutanga wepasi rose wechess muna 1851 muLondon. Anderssen akabva ashamisa chess elite nekurova zvakanyanya vese vaimupikisa.
bato risingafi
Panguva yemutambo uyu, akatamba mutambo wekukunda achipokana naLionel Kieseritzky, maakatanga kubaira bhishopi, ndokuzotevera vaviri, uye pakupedzisira mambokadzi. Mutambo uyu, kunyangwe wakatambwa semutambo wehushamwari panguva yehafu muresitorendi yeLondon, ndeimwe yemitambo ine mukurumbira munhoroondo yechess uye inonzi isingafe.
2. Lionel Kizeritsky - Mupikisi waAndersen mumutambo usingafi
Andersen anopikisa Lionel Kizeritsky (2) akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake muFrance. Aigara achishanya kuCafé de la Régence yakakurumbira muParis, kwaaipa zvidzidzo zvechess uye aigara achitamba maforamu (aipa vanopikisa mukana, senge pawn kana chidimbu pakutanga kwemutambo).
Mutambo uyu wakatambirwa kuLondon panguva yekuzorora mumutambo uyu. Magazini yeFrench chess A Régence yakaiburitsa muna 1851, uye wekuAustria Ernst Falkbeer (mupepeti-mukuru weWiener Schachzeitung) akadana mutambo uyu "kusafa" muna 1855.
Immortal Party muenzaniso wakakwana wemaitiro ekutamba akatonga muzana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe, apo zvaidavirwa kuti kukunda kwainyanya kutemwa nekukura nekukurumidza uye kurwisa. Panguva iyoyo, marudzi akasiyana-siyana egambit uye counter-gambit aive akakurumbira, uye pfuma yenyama yaipiwa kukosha kushoma. Mumutambo uyu, Muchena akabayira mambokadzi, mbavha mbiri, bhishopi uye pawn kuitira kuti aise shamwari yakanaka ine zvimedu zvichena mumafambiro makumi maviri nematatu.
Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, London, 21.06.1851/XNUMX/XNUMX
1.e4 e5 2.f4 The King's Gambit, ine mukurumbira muzana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe, haisati yanyanya kufarirwa parizvino nekuti mabhenefiti eWhite haatsivise zvizere chibayiro chepawn.
2...e:f4 3.Bc4 Qh4+ White yarasa nhare, asi mambokadzi weMutema anogona kurwiswawo zviri nyore. 4.Kf1 b5 5.B:b5 Nf6 6.Nf3 Qh6 7.d3 Nq5 8.Sh4 Qg5 9.Nf5 c6 Zvaiva nani kutamba 9…g6 kudzinga jumper yeWhite ine ngozi. 10.g4 Nf6 11.G1 c:b5?
Mutema anowana mukana wezvinhu, asi anorasikirwa nemukana wake wenzvimbo. Zvirinani zvaive 11…h5 12.h4 Hg6 13.h5 Hg5 14.Qf3 Ng8 15.G:f4 Qf6 16.Sc3 Bc5 17.Sd5 H:b2 (dhayagiramu 3) 18.Bd6? Andersen anopa shongwe mbiri! Muchena une mukana mukuru wenzvimbo, unogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana, semuenzaniso, nekutamba 18.E1, 18.Ge3, 18.d4, 18.Ed1. 18… G: g1?
3. Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, chinzvimbo mushure megumi nenomwe… R: b17
Sarudzo isiriyo, yaifanira kunge yatamba 18… Q: a1 + 19. Ke2 Qb2 20. Kd2 G: g1. 19.e5!
Kukumikidzwa kweshongwe yechipiri. E5-pawn inocheka mambokadzi mutema kubva pakudzivirira kwamambo uye zvino inotyisidzira 20S: g7+Kd8 21.Bc7#. 19… R: a1 + 20.Ke2 Sa6? (dhayagiramu 4) The black knight inozvidzivirira pachayo 21 Sc7+, ichirwisa mambo uye rook, pamwe chete nekufamba kwabhishopi ku c7.
4. Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, chinzvimbo 20 ... Sa6
Nekudaro, White ine imwezve yakasimba kurwisa. Aifanira kunge akatamba makumi maviri… Ga20. 6.S: g21+ Kd7 8.Hf22+.
Muchena unopirawo mambokadzi. 22… B: f6 23. Be7 # 1-0.
5. Adolf Andersen - Paul Morphy, Paris, 1858, tsime:
Kubva ipapo, Anderssen ave achionekwa semutambi akasimba wechess munyika. Muna December 1858, mutambi weGermany chess akaenda kuParis kunosangana nevaya vakauya kuEurope. Paul Morphy (5). Mutambi wechesi wekuAmerica akarova Andersen zvakanaka (+7 -2 = 2).
Anderssen akatanga katatu neasina kujairika 1.a3 muhafu yechipiri yemutambo, uyo wakazonzi kuvhurwa kwaAndersen. Kuvhura uku hakuna kuunza budiriro inooneka kune vatambi vachena (1,5-1,5) uye yakanga isingawanzo shandiswa gare gare mumitambo yakakomba, nekuti haibatsire mukusimudzira zvidimbu uye kutonga kwepakati. Mhinduro dzeBlack dzinowanzobatanidza 1 ... d5, iyo inorwisa zvakananga pakati, uye 1 ... g6, inova gadziriro ye fianchetto, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa chena yakatove isina simba queenwing.
Kuna Morphy, uyu ndiwo waive mutambo wakanyanya kukosha, waionekwa nevakawanda semakwikwi emakwikwi epasi rose. Mushure mekukundwa uku, Anderssen akaramba ari mumumvuri weAmerican chess mutambi kwemakore matatu. Akadzokera kumutambo unoshanda muna 1861, achikunda mutambo wekutanga wepasi rose-robin chess muLondon. Akazohwina mitambo gumi nembiri kubva pagumi nematatu, uye munhandare akahwina akasiya, pakati pevamwe, shasha yepasi rose yakazotevera Wilhelm Steinitz.
Muna 1865, Andersen akagamuchira zita repamusoro-soro rezvidzidzo - zita rokuti chiremba honoris causa weYunivhesiti yeWroclaw, rakapiwa kwaari pakutanga kwechikoro chake chefilosofi. Zvakaitika pachiitiko chegore rezana reGymnasium. Frederick muWroclaw, uko Andersen akashanda semudzidzisi wechiGerman, masvomhu nefizikisi kubvira 100.
6. Adolf Andersen ari chessboard, Wroclaw, 1863,
chinyorwa:
Andersen akawana budiriro huru yemakwikwi kuvakuru, kune vanotungamira chess vatambi, zera (6 makore). Akapedzisa makwikwi emakwikwi akabudirira zvikuru muma1870 nekukunda mumakwikwi ane nhamba huru yevatori vechikamu muBaden-Baden muna XNUMX, apo iye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akakunda World Champion Steinitz.
Muna 1877, mushure memutambo muLeipzig, kwaakapedza kechipiri, Andersen akabva angosiya makwikwi nekuda kwezvikonzero zveutano. Akafira muWrocław makore maviri gare gare somugumisiro wehosha yemwoyo yakakomba, pana March 13, 1879. Akavigwa mumakuva eEvangelical Reformed community (Alter Fridhof der Reformierten Gemeinde). Dombo reguva rakapona muhondo uye mukutanga kwema60, nekuda kwekuedza kweLower Silesian Chess Society, rakatamiswa kubva kumakuva akagadzirirwa kuvharirwa kuenda kuAlley yeMerited kuOsobowice Cemetery muWrocław (7). Muna 2003, dombo rakaiswa padombo remusoro, rekurangarira kunaka kwaAndersen.
7. Guva raAndersen paMukoto weVatariri paOsobowice Cemetery muWroclaw, kwakabva:
Kubva 1992, mutambo wechess wakaitwa muWroclaw wakatsaurirwa kundangariro yeakanakisa mutambi weGerman chess. Mutambo weInternational Chess wegore rino Adolf Anderssen wakarongerwa 31.07-8.08.2021, XNUMX - ruzivo nezve Mutambo unowanikwa pane webhusaiti.
Gambit Anderssen
Adolf Andersen akatambawo 2…b5?! mukutanga kwabhishopi. Iri gambit parizvino harina kufarirwa mumitambo yekare chess nhangemutange, sezvo Mutema asingawane kuenzana kwakaringana kune yakabairwa pawn. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva zvinoitika mu blitz uko Mutema anogona kushamisa anopikisa asina kugadzirira.
8. Philatelic sheet yakabudiswa pachiitiko chekuyeukwa kwe200th yekuzvarwa kwaAdolf Andersen.
Heino muenzaniso werudo chess inoridzwa naAdolf Andersen ane mukurumbira.
August Mongredien naAdolf Andersen, London, 1851
1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 b5 3.G: b5 c6 4.Ga4 Bc5 5.Bb3 Nf6 6.Sc3 d5 7.e: d5 OO 8.h3 c: d5 9.d3 Sc6 10.Sge2 d4 11.Se4 S : e4 12.d: e4 Kh8 13.Sg3 f5 14.e: f5 G: f5 15.S: f5 W: f5 16.Hg4 Bb4 + (dhayagiramu 9) 17.Kf1? Zvaive zvakakodzera kukurumidza kuchengetedza mambo nekuridza 17.c3 d:c3 18.OO c:b2 19.G:b2 nechinzvimbo chakaenzana. 17… Qf6 18.f3 e4 19.Ke2? Izvi zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa nekukurumidza, Muchena anogona kudzivirira kwenguva refu mushure me19.H: e4 Re5 20.Qg4. 19…e:f3+20g:f3 Re8+21.Kf2 N5 naWhite vakasiya basa.
9. Nyamavhuvhu Montgredien - Adolf Andersen, London 1851, chinzvimbo mushure megumi nematanhatu… G: b16 +
Chikwama chechikwama
Muna 1852, shasha yeChirungu chess Howard Staunton akakurudzira kushandisa hourglass kuyera nguva panguva yemutambo. Iyo hourglass yenguva yemitambo chess yakatanga kushandiswa zviri pamutemo muna 1861 mumutambo pakati Adolf Anderssen a Ignatius Kolishsky (10).
Mutambi wega wega aive nemaawa maviri ekuita mafambiro makumi maviri nemana. Mudziyo wacho waive nemagirazi emaawa maviri anotenderera. Mumwe wevatambi paakaita mafambiro ake, akaisa hourglass yake kune yakachinjika, uye mudzvanyiriri panzvimbo yakatwasuka. Mumakore akazotevera, hourglass yaiwedzera kushandiswa mumitambo yechess. Muna 2, pamutambo pakati paAdolf Andersen naWilhelm Steinitz, wachi mbiri dzakajairika dzakashandiswa, dzakatanga nekumira mushure mekufamba. Pamakwikwi muBaden-Baden muna 24, vapikisi vakatamba vachimhanya makumi maviri paawa nesarudzo yemagirazi emaawa newachi chess.
10. Seti yemagirazi maviri anotenderera ekuyera nguva mumitambo yechess,
chinyorwa:
Ose ari maviri hourglass uye nzira mbiri dzakaparadzana wachi dzakashandiswa zvakanyanya kusvika 1883 padzakatsiviwa newachi yechess.
Chess alphabet
Muna 1852 Andersen akatamba mutambo wakakurumbira naJean Dufresne muBerlin. Kunyangwe waingove mutambo wehushamwari, wekutanga mukuru wepasi rose chess shasha Wilhelm Steinitz akaudaidza kuti "evergreen muAndersen's laurel wreath" uye zita racho rakave rakajairika.
Evergreen mutambo
Anopikisa Andersen mumutambo uyu ndiJean Dufresne, mumwe wevatambi veBerlin chess vakasimba, munyori wemabhuku echess, gweta nebasa, uye mutori wenhau nebasa. Dufresne akadzorera Anderssen nekurasikirwa nemutambo unogara wakasvibira nekuhwina mutambo usiri pamutemo uchipikisana naye muna 1868. Muna 1881, Dufresne akaburitsa bhuku rekushandisa chess: Kleines Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (Mini Chess Handbook), iro, mushure mekuwedzera kwaitevera, rakatsikiswa pasi pezita rekuti Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (13). Bhuku racho rakanga riri uye rinoramba richifarirwa zvikuru.
13. Jean Dufresne nebhuku rake rine mukurumbira rechess Lehrbuch des Schachspiels,
chinyorwa:
Heino imwe yemitambo yakanakisa munhoroondo yechess.
Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 (dhayagiramu 14) Andersen anosarudza Evans Gambit mumutambo weItaly, kuvhurwa kwakakurumbira zvikuru muzana ramakore re1826. Iro zita rekutamba rinobva pazita remutambi weWelsh chess William Evans, aive wekutanga kuburitsa ongororo yake. Muna '4 Evans akashandisa gambit iyi mumutambo wekuhwina achipikisa mutambi mukuru weBritish chess, Alexander McDonnell. Muchena anobayira b-pawn kuti awane mukana mukugadzira zvidimbu uye kuvaka nzvimbo yakasimba. 4… G: b5 3.c5 Ga6 4.d4 e: d7 3.OO d8 3.Qb6 Qf9 5.e15 (dhayagiramu 9) 6… Qg5 Mutema haakwanise kutora chireyo pae9, nekuti mushure me5… N: e10 1 Re6 d11 4.Qa10+ Muchena anotora bhishopu mutema. 1.Re7 Sge11 3.Ga16 (dhayagiramu 11) Mabhishopu machena akatarisana namambo mutema inzira yakajairika muEvans Gambit 5…bXNUMX? Dema zvisingakoshi inopa chidimbu, kuronga kumisa shongwe.
14. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, chinzvimbo mushure me 4.b4
15. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, chinzvimbo mushure me9.e5
16. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, chinzvimbo mushure me 11. Ga3
Zvakanga zvakakodzera kutamba 11.OO kudzivirira mambo kubva pakurwiswa kweanopikisa 12.H: b5 Rb8 13.Qa4 Bb6 14.Sbd2 Bb7 15.Se4 Qf5? Chikanganiso chaMutema ndechekuti achiri kutambisa nguva pane kuchengetedza mambo. 16.G: d3 Hh5 17.Sf6+? Pane kupira gamba, munhu aifanira kunge akatamba 17.Ng3 Qh6 18th Wad1 ine mukana wakakura uye nekutyisidzira kwakawanda, senge Gc1 17… g:f6 18.e:f6 Rg8 19.Wad1 (dhayagiramu 17) 19… Q: f3 ? Izvi zvinoita kuti vatema vakundwe. Zvaive nani kutamba 19…Qh3, 19…Wg4 kana 19…Bd4. 20.B:e7+! Kutanga kweimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa musanganiswa munhoroondo yechess. 20… R: e7 (dhayagiramu 18) 21.Q: d7+! K: d7 22.Bf5 ++ Cheka kaviri kumanikidza mambo kufamba. 22… Ke8 (Kana 22… Kc6 yakaenzana ne23.Bd7#) 23.Bd7+Kf8 24.G: e7# 1-0.
17. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, chinzvimbo mushure me 19. Wad1
18. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, chinzvimbo mushure memakumi maviri… N: e20
