World Airports 2019

Hong Kong Airport yakavakirwa pachitsuwa chekugadzira chine nzvimbo ye1255 mahekita, yakagadzirwa mushure mekumisikidzwa kwevaviri vavakidzani: Chek Lap Kok naLam Chau. Kuvaka kwakatora makore matanhatu uye kwakadhura madhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri.

Gore rapera, nhandare dzendege dzepasi rose dzakapa vanhu mabhiriyoni 9,1 uye matani mamiriyoni 121,6 ekutakura zvinhu, uye ndege dzinofambisa mashoko dzakaita mabasa anopfuura mamiriyoni 90 okusimuka nokumhara. Zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, nhamba yevafambi yakawedzera ne3,4%, ukuwo matani emutoro akadzikira ne2,5%. Zviteshi zvevatakuri zvakakura zvinosara: Atlanta (110,5 miriyoni matani), Beijing (100 miriyoni), Los Angeles, Dubai neTokyo Haneda, uye zviteshi zvekutakura zvinhu: Hong Kong (4,8 miriyoni matani), Memphis (4,3 miriyoni matani) , Shanghai, Louisville uye Seoul. Muchikwata cheSkytrax muchikamu chepamusoro chenhandare yendege yepamusoro pasi rose, Singapore yakahwina, ukuwo Tokyo Haneda naQatari Doha Hamad vaive pachikuva.

Musika wekufambisa kwemhepo ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakura zvehupfumi hwenyika. Inomutsa kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye kutengeserana uye chinhu chinoita kuti budiriro yavo iwedzere. Chinhu chakakosha pamusika nhandare dzendege nendege dzinoshanda pazviri (PL). Kune zviuru zviviri nehafu yavo, kubva kune yakakura, iyo ndege inoita mazana akati wandei maoparesheni pazuva, kusvika kudiki, kwaanoitwa pano neapo. Iyo chiteshi chezvivakwa chakasiyana uye chakachinjirwa kune huwandu hwemhepo traffic inoshumirwa.

Nhandare huru inotakura zvinhu pasi rose iHong Kong, iyo yaitakura matani mamiriyoni 4,81 ekutakura zvinhu. 40 vatakuri vekutakura zvinhu vanoshanda nguva nenguva, kusanganisira Cathay Pacific Cargo, Cargolux, DHL Aviation uye UPS Airlines.

Nhandare dzendege dzinonyanya kuwanikwa padhuze nemadhorobha, uye nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo, nzvimbo dzinogarwa nemhepo uye kupindira kweruzha, dzinowanzo kuwanikwa pachinhambwe chikuru kubva pakati pavo. KuEuropean airports, avhareji chinhambwe kubva pakati ndeye 18,6 km. Iwo ari padyo nepakati, anosanganisira Geneva (4 km), Lisbon (6 km), Düsseldorf (6 km) uye Warsaw (7 km), uye ari kure kwazvo ari Stockholm Skavsta (90 km) uye chiteshi cheSandefjord. Torp. (100 km), kushandira Oslo. Zvichienderana nemashandiro uye tekinoroji maitiro uye kugona kushandira mamwe marudzi endege, nhandare dzendege dzinoiswa maererano nehurongwa hwereferenzi makodhi. Iyo ine nhamba uye tsamba, iyo nhamba 1 kusvika 4 inoratidza kureba kwenzira yekumhanya, uye mabhii A kusvika kuF anotarisa tekinoroji paramita yendege. Iyo yakajairika nhandare yendege inokwanisa kugara, semuenzaniso, ndege yeAirbus A320 yaizova nekodhi shoma ye3C (kureva runway 1200–1800 m, mapapiro 24–36 m). MuPoland, Chopin Airport neKatowice Airport dzine mareferensi macode epamusoro 4E. Makodhi akapihwa neICAO neIATA anoshandiswa kuona nhandare dzendege nemadoko. ICAO makodhi makodhi mana-mavara uye ane chimiro chedunhu: tsamba yekutanga inoreva chikamu chenyika, yechipiri inzvimbo yekutonga kana nyika, uye maviri ekupedzisira nhandare yendege (semuenzaniso, EDDL - Europe, Germany, Dusseldorf) . IATA makodhi makodhi matatu-mavara uye kazhinji anoreva zita reguta iro chiteshi chiri (semuenzaniso, BRU - Brussels) kana zita rayo (semuenzaniso, LHR - London Heathrow).

Mari yemari yenhandare dzendege kubva kumabasa epagore iri pamwero we160-180 bhiriyoni US madhora. Mari yakagamuchirwa kubva kumabasa ekufambisa nendege inonyanya kuumbwa kubva kumari ye: kubata vatasvi uye kutakura zvinhu muchiteshi, kumhara uye kumira kwekukurumidzira kwendege, pamwe ne: de-icing uye kubviswa kwechando, kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha uye vamwe. Ivo vanoumba angangoita makumi mashanu neshanu muzana emari yakazara yechiteshi (semuenzaniso, muna 55 - 2018 bhiriyoni US madhora). Mari isiri-aeronautical inosvika makumi mana muzana uye inonyanya kutorwa kubva: marezinesi, kupaka uye kurenda zviitiko (semuenzaniso, muna 99,6 - $ 40 bhiriyoni). Mutengo une chekuita nekushanda kwechiteshi gore negore unodya makumi matanhatu muzana emari, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chinoverengerwa nemuhoro wevashandi. Gore rega rega, mutengo wekuwedzera uye kugadzirisa nhandare yendege 2018-69,8 bhiriyoni emadhora emadhora.

Sangano rinobatanidza nhandare dzendege munyika ndeye ACI Airports Council International, yakavambwa muna 1991. Inovamiririra munhaurirano nenhaurirano nemasangano epasi rose (semuenzaniso ICAO neIATA), masevhisi ekufambisa kwendege nevatakuri, uye inovandudza zviyero zvemasevhisi echiteshi. Muna Ndira 2020, 668 vanoshanda vakabatana neACI, vachishanda 1979 nhandare dzendege munyika zana nemakumi manomwe neshanu. 176% yemigwagwa yenyika inopfuura ipapo, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kufunga nezvehuwandu hwesangano iri semumiriri wezvese kufambiswa kwendege. Zviverengero zvazvino zvine chekuita nezviitiko zvechiteshi zvinoburitswa neACI mumishumo yemwedzi nemwedzi, zvingangoita gore rega rega pakupera kwekota yekutanga yegore rinotevera, uye mhedzisiro inoburitswa mwedzi mishoma gare gare. ACI World ine muzinda kuMontreal uye inotsigirwa nemakomiti akasarudzika nemauto uye ine mahofisi mashanu ematunhu: ACI North America (Washington); ACI Europe (Brussels); ACI-Asia/Pacific (Hong Kong); ACI-Africa (Casablanca) uye ACI-South America/Caribbean (Panama City).

Traffic manhamba 2019

Gore rakapera, nhandare dzendege dzepasi rose dzakashandira 9,1 bhiriyoni vafambi uye 121,6 miriyoni matani emutoro. Zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, traffic yevafambi yakawedzera ne3,4%. Mune mimwe mwedzi, kukura kwevafambi traffic kwakaramba kubva 1,8% kusvika 3,8%, kunze kwaNdira, uko kwakasvika 4,8%. Mafambiro epamusoro ekufambiswa kwevatakuri akanyorwa muzviteshi zveSouth America (3,7%), kukura kwacho kwakakonzerwa nezvifambiso zvepamba (4,7%). Mumisika mikuru muAsia-Pacific, Europe neNorth America, kukura kwakaenzana pakati pe3% ne3,4%.

Zvifambiso zvekutakura zvinhu zvachinja zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika. Global airport traffic yakadonha ne -2,5%, nekuita kwakashata muAsia Pacific (-4,3%), South America (-3,5%) uye Middle East. Kudonha kukuru kwekutakura zvinhu kwakaitika muna Kukadzi (-5,4%) uye Chikumi (-5,1%), uye diki muna Ndira naZvita (-0,1%). Mumusika mukuru wekuNorth America, kudzikira kwacho kwaive pasi peavhareji yepasi rose ye -0,5%. Kusaita zvakanaka kweCargo gore rapfuura kwakakonzerwa nekudzikira kwehupfumi hwenyika, uko kwakaderedza kutakura zvinhu, pamwe nekutanga kwedenda reCCIDID-19 mukupera kwegore (maitiro asina kunaka aifambiswa nenhandare dzendege dzeAsia).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zviteshi zvemuAfrica zvakaratidza masimba ekukura ekukura kwemutyairi wevatyairi uye diki diki yekudzikira kwekutakura zvinhu, iyo yakasvika 6,7% uye -0,2%, zvichiteerana. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera base (2% share), iyi haisi mhedzisiro yakakosha pachiyero chepasi rose.

Nzvimbo huru dzendege

Pakange pasina shanduko huru mukurongeka kwenhandare huru dzendege munyika. IAmerican Atlanta inoramba iri mutungamiri (110,5 miriyoni inopfuura.), Uye Beijing Capital iri munzvimbo yechipiri (100 miriyoni inopfuura.). Vanoteverwa ne: Los Angeles (88 miriyoni), Dubai (86 miriyoni), Tokyo Haneda, Chicago O'Hare, London Heathrow uye Shanghai. Hong Kong inoramba iri chiteshi chikuru chekutakura zvinhu, inobata 4,8 miriyoni matani ekutakura, ichiteverwa neMemphis (4,3 miriyoni matani), Shanghai (3,6 miriyoni matani), Louisville, Seoul, Anchorage neDubai. Nekudaro, maererano nehuwandu hwekutora uye kumhara, iyo yakabatikana ndeye: Chicago O'Hare (920), Atlanta (904), Dallas (720), Los Angeles, Denver, Beijing Capital neCharlotte.

Pamakumi matatu makuru enhandare dzendege (23% yetraffic yepasirese), gumi nematatu ari muAsia, mapfumbamwe kuNorth America, manomwe muEurope uye imwe kuMiddle East. Pakati peizvi, makumi maviri nematatu akarekodha kuwedzera kwemotokari, ine simba guru rakawanikwa: American Dallas-Fort Worth (8,6%) uye Denver, uye Chinese Shenzhen. Pakati pemakumi maviri makuru emitoro inobatwa nematoni (40% yetraffic), zvipfumbamwe zviri muAsia, zvishanu kuNorth America, zvina muEurope uye maviri kuMiddle East. Pakati peava, vanosvika gumi nevanomwe vakarekodha kudzikira kwetraffic, iyo yepamusoro-soro iThailand yeBangkok (-11,2%), Amsterdam neTokyo Narita. Kune rimwe divi, pamakumi maviri neshanu makuru ekusimuka uye kumhara, gumi nematatu ari kuNorth America, matanhatu muAsia, mashanu muEurope, uye mumwe muSouth America. Pakati peizvi, 19 yakanyora kuwedzera kwenhamba yekutengeserana, ine simba guru riri US ports: Phoenix (10%), Dallas-Fort Worth neDenver.

Simba rekufambisa kwekukura kwezvifambiso zvevatakuri kwaive kufambiswa kwepasirese, masimba ayo (4,1%) aive 2,8% akakwira kupfuura simba rendege dzepamba (86,3%). Chiteshi chikuru chengarava maererano nehuwandu hwevafambi vepasirese iDubai, iyo yakashandira 76 miriyoni vafambi. Zviteshi zvinotevera zvakaiswa muchikamu ichi: London Heathrow (72 miriyoni), Amsterdam (71 miriyoni), Hong Kong (12,4 miriyoni), Seoul, Paris, Singapore neFrankfurt. Pakati pavo, masimba makuru akanyorwa: Doha yeQatar (19%), Madrid neBarcelona. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti munzvimbo iyi yekutanga chiteshi cheAmerica chiri munzvimbo ye34,3 chete (New York-JFK - XNUMX mamirioni evatakuri).

Mazhinji madhorobha madhorobha ane nhandare dzendege akati wandei munzvimbo yavo yemetropolitan. Chitima chepamusoro-soro chevafambi chaive mu: London (zviteshi zvendege: Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, Guta neSouthend) - 181 miriyoni nzira; New York (JFK, Newark uye La Guardia) - mamiriyoni 140; Tokyo (Haneda naNarita) - mamiriyoni 130; Atlanta (Hartsfield) - mamiriyoni 110; Paris (Charles de Gaulle naOrly) - mamiriyoni 108; Chicago (O'Hare uye Midway) - mamiriyoni 105 uye Moscow (Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo uye Vnukovo) - 102 mamiriyoni.