Battery yemagetsi mota

Mumotokari yemagetsi, bhatiri, kana kuti bhatiri paki, rinoita basa guru. Ichi chikamu chinotarisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, huwandu, nguva yekuchaja, uremu uye mutengo wemotokari yemagetsi. Muchikamu chino, tichakufambisa mune zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve mabhatiri.

Ngatitangei nenyaya yekuti mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa lithium-ion mabhatiri. Mabhatiri emhando iyi anogonawo kuwanikwa munharembozha uye malaptop. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai secobalt, manganese kana nickel. Kubatsira kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion ndeyekuti vane simba rakawanda uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti hazvibviri kushandisa simba rakazara. Kubvisa bhatiri zvachose kunokuvadza. Idzi nhau dzichapiwa ngwariro huru mundima dzinotevera.

Kusiyana nefoni kana laptop, mota dzemagetsi dzine bhatiri rechargeable rakagadzirwa neseti yemasero. Masero aya anoumba chisumbu chinogona kubatanidzwa munhevedzano kana mukufambirana. Bhatiri rinotora nzvimbo yakawanda uye rinorema zvakanyanya. Kugovera huremu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira mumotokari yese, bhatiri rinowanzovakwa mundiro yepasi.

Kugona

Battery simba chinhu chakakosha mukushanda kwemotokari yemagetsi. Kugona kunotsanangurwa mu kilowatt-maawa (kWh). Semuenzaniso, Tesla Model 3 Long Range ine 75 kWh bhatiri, nepo Volkswagen e-Up ine 36,8 kWh bhatiri. Nhamba iyi inorevei chaizvo?

Watt - uye naizvozvo kilowatt - zvinoreva simba rinogona kubudiswa nebhatiri. Kana bhatiri rikaunza 1 kilowatt yesimba kweawa, ndiyo 1 kilowatt.awa simba. Capacity huwandu hwesimba rinogona kuchengetwa nebhatiri. Watt-maawa anoverengwa nekuwedzera nhamba yeamp-awa (electrical charge) nenhamba yevolts (voltage).

Mukuita, haumbofi uine yakazara bhatiri huwandu hwaunayo. Bhatiri rakadzimwa zvachose - uye nekudaro kushandisa 100% yekugona kwaro - zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwayo. Kana voltage yakadzikira, zvinhu zvinogona kukuvara. Kudzivirira izvi, zvemagetsi zvinogara zvichisiya buffer. Kuchaja kwakazara zvakare hakubatsiri kubhatiri. Zvakanakisa kuchaja bhatiri kubva pa20% kusvika 80% kana kumwe pakati. Kana tichitaura nezve 75kWh bhatiri, ndiko kukwana kwakazara. Naizvozvo, mukuita, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchitarisana nekushomeka kwekushandisa.

tembiricha

Tembiricha chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa huwandu hwebhatiri. Bhatiri inotonhora inotungamirira kukuderedza kukuru kwehuwandu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chemistry mubhatiri haishande pamwe nekudziya kwakadzika. Somugumisiro, munguva yechando unofanirwa kutarisana nehuwandu huduku. Kupisa kwepamusoro kunokanganisawo kushanda, asi zvishoma. Kupisa kune kukanganisa kukuru pahupenyu hwebhatiri. Nokudaro, kutonhora kune simba renguva pfupi, asi kupisa kune nguva yakareba.

Mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzine Battery Management System (BMS) inotarisisa tembiricha, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Iyo sisitimu inowanzopindirawo zvine simba kuburikidza nekudziya, kutonhora uye / kana kufefetedza.

hupenyu hwese

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kuti chii chiri hupenyu hwebhatiri hwemotokari yemagetsi. Sezvo mota dzemagetsi dzichiri diki, hapana mhinduro chaiyo zvakadaro, kunyanya kana zvasvika kumabhatiri ekupedzisira. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinoenderanawo nemotokari.

Hupenyu hwesevhisi hune chikamu chakatemwa nehuwandu hwekuchaja kutenderera. Nemamwe manzwi: kangani bhatiri rinochajwa kubva risina chinhu kusvika rakazara. Saka, kutenderera kwekuchaja kunogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei mhosva. Sezvambotaurwa, zvakanakisa kuchaja pakati pe20% ne80% nguva yega yega kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Kuchaja nekukurumidza zvakanyanya hakukodzere kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti panguva yekukurumidza kuchaja, tembiricha inokwira zvakanyanya. Sezvatotaurwa, kupisa kwakanyanya kunokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri. Mumusimboti, mota dzine inoshandira kutonhora system dzinogona kuramba izvi. Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kuchinjisa kukurumidza kuchaja uye yakajairika kuchaja. Hakusi kuti kukurumidza kuchaja kwakaipa.

Mota dzemagetsi dzave pamusika kwenguva yakati rebei. Saka, nemota idzi, unogona kuona kuti huwandu hwebhatiri hwadzikira sei. Kugadzirwa kunowanzo kuderera neinenge 2,3% pagore. Nekudaro, kuvandudzwa kwebhatiri tekinoroji haina kumira, saka dhigirii rekuora rinongodzikira.

Nemotokari dzemagetsi dzakafamba makiromita akawanda, kudonha kwesimba hakuna kushata. Teslas, iyo yakatyaira pamusoro pe250.000 90 km, dzimwe nguva yaive neinodarika XNUMX% yebhatiri rayo rasara. Kune rimwe divi, kune zvakare Teslas uko bhatiri rese rakatsiviwa nediki mileage.

kugadzirwa

Kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi kunomutsawo mibvunzo: kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri akadaro kwakabatana zvakatipoteredza sei? Zvinhu zvisingadiwe zviri kuitika panguva yekugadzira? Nyaya idzi dzine chekuita nekuumbwa kwebhatiri. Sezvo mota dzemagetsi dzichimhanya pamabhatiri e-lithium-ion, lithium chinhu chakakosha mbishi zvakadaro. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvakati wandei zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvakare. Cobalt, nickel, manganese uye / kana iron phosphate inoshandiswawo zvichienderana nerudzi rwebhatiri.

Nzvimbo

Kubviswa kwezvinhu izvi mbishi kunokuvadza zvakatipoteredza uye kunokuvadza nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, simba rakasvibirira hariwanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa. Nokudaro, motokari dzemagetsi dzinokanganisawo zvakatipoteredza. Ichokwadi kuti bhatiri raw zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvakare. Mabhatiri akaraswa kubva kumotokari dzemagetsi anogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa zvakare. Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro pechinyorwa ichi pamusoro pekuti mota dzemagetsi dzine hushamwari zvakadii.

Kushanda mamiriro ezvinhu

Kubva pakuona kwemamiriro ekushanda, cobalt ndiyo inonyanya kunetsa mbishi zvinhu. Pane kushushikana pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu panguva yekucherwa muCongo. Vanotaura nezvekushandiswa nekushandiswa kwevana. Nenzira, izvi hazvirevi chete kune motokari dzemagetsi. Nyaya iyi inobatawo mabhatiri efoni nelaptop.

Zvinodhura

Mabhatiri ane zvigadzirwa zvinodhura. Semuenzaniso, kudiwa kwecobalt, uye nayo mutengo, yakakwira. Nickel zvakare chinhu chinodhura mbishi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengo wekugadzira mabhatiri wakakwira zvakanyanya. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru nei motokari dzemagetsi dzichidhura zvichienzaniswa nepeturu kana dhiziri yakaenzana. Zvinoreva zvakare kuti mhando yemhando yemotokari yemagetsi ine bhatiri hombe kazhinji inodhura zvakanyanya ipapo. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti mabhatiri akachipa.

Download

Accupercentage

Motokari yemagetsi nguva dzose inoratidza kuti ndeipi chikamu chebhatiri. Inonziwo Charge state akadaidzwa. Imwe nzira yekuyera nayo ndeye Discharge deep... Izvi zvinoratidza kuti bhatiri rakabuda sei, kwete kuti rakazara sei. Sezvinoita mota zhinji dzepeturu kana dhiziri, izvi zvinowanzo shandura kuita fungidziro yemamaira asara.

Iyo mota haigone kutaura chaizvo kuti ndeipi chikamu chebhatiri chaji, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti usaedze mafambiro. Kana bhatiri rava kuderera, zvinhu zveumbozha zvisingakoshi zvakaita sekudziisa uye mhepo inofefetera zvinozovharwa. Kana mamiriro acho ezvinhu akanyanya kuipa, motokari inogona kungoenda zvishoma nezvishoma. 0% hazvireve bhatiri rakabudiswa zvachose nekuda kweiyo buffer yambotaurwa.

Mutoro unokwanisa

Nguva yekuchaja inoenderana nezvose mota uye nzira yekuchaja. Mumotokari pachayo, huwandu hwebhatiri uye huwandu hwekuchaja zvinosarudza. Kuwanda kwebhatiri kwakatokurukurwa kare. Kana simba richiratidzwa mukilowatt maawa (kWh), huwandu hwekuchaja hunoratidzwa mu kilowatts (kW). Inoverengerwa nekuwanza voltage (mu amperes) neyazvino (volts). Iyo yakakwirira yekuchajisa, mota inochaja nekukurumidza.

Zviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji zvinochajwa ingave 11 kW kana 22 kW AC. Nekudaro, hadzisi dzese mota dzemagetsi dzakakodzera 22 kW kuchaja. Fast kuchaja majaja anochajwa neanogara aripo. Izvi zvinogoneka nekusimudza zvakanyanya. Tesla Supercharger Chaja 120kW uye Yakakurumidza Kuchaja 50kW 175kW. Hadzisi dzese mota dzemagetsi dzakakodzera kukurumidza kuchaja ine simba guru re120 kana 175 kW.

Zviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuchaja inzira isiri-mutsara. Kuchaja pa20% yekupedzisira kunononoka. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei nguva yekuchaja ichiwanzo kunzi kuchaja ku80%.

Kurodha nguva kunoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti uri kushandisa single-phase kana matatu-phase kuchaja. Kuchaja kwematatu-chikamu ndiko kunokurumidza, asi kwete ese mota dzemagetsi dzakakodzera izvi. Mukuwedzera, dzimwe dzimba dzinoshandisa chete-chikamu chekubatanidza panzvimbo yechitatu-chikamu chimwe.

Nguva dzose zviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji zvine-matatu-chikamu uye anowanikwa mu16 uye 32 amps. Kuchaja (0% kusvika 80%) yemotokari yemagetsi ine 50 kWh bhatiri inotora anenge maawa gumi nematanhatu pa16 A kana 11 kW mirwi yekuchaja zviteshi. Zvinotora maawa makumi matatu nemaviri ane 3,6 amp kuchaja zviteshi (32 kW mapango).

Nekudaro, inogona kuitwa nekukurumidza: ne50 kW inokurumidza charger, zvinotora ari pasi pemaminetsi makumi mashanu. Mazuva ano kune zvakare 50 kW majaja anokurumidza, ayo bhatiri re175 kWh rinogona kuchajwa kunyange kusvika 50% mumaminetsi makumi mashanu. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvezviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji, ona chinyorwa chedu chezviteshi zvekuchaja muNetherlands.

Kuchaja kumba

Zvinokwanisikawo kubhadharisa kumba. Zvishoma dzimba dzekare kazhinji hadzina nhanho-nhatu yekubatanidza. Nguva yekuchaja, hongu, zvinoenderana nesimba razvino. Parizvino ye16 amperes, mota yemagetsi ine 50 kWh bhatiri inochaja 10,8% mumaawa makumi masere. Panguva ino ye80 amperes, iyi maawa 25, uye pa6,9 amperes, maawa mashanu. Chinyorwa chekutora yako chiteshi chekuchaja chinopinda mune rumwe ruzivo nezve kuchaja kumba. Iwe unogona zvakare kubvunza: yakawanda sei bhatiri rakazara rinodhura? Mubvunzo uyu uchapindurwa munyaya yemitengo yekutyaira kwemagetsi.

Summing up

Bhatiri ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemotokari yemagetsi. Zvizhinji zvekuipa kwemotokari yemagetsi zvinosanganiswa nechikamu ichi. Mabhatiri achiri kudhura, anorema, anonzwa tembiricha uye haana kugarisana nemhoteredzo. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuderedzwa nekufamba kwenguva hakuna kuipa. Uyezve, mabhatiri atove akachipa zvakanyanya, akareruka uye anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaaimbova. Vagadziri vari kushanda nesimba pakuwedzera kuvandudza mabhatiri, saka mamiriro acho anozongoita nani.