Kushanda uye kungoita kuchengeteka. Motokari dzakarongwa sei?
Mabhandi, pretensioners, mapiro, maketeni, zvemagetsi mune chassis, deformation zones - kune vakawanda uye vanochengetedza hutano hwedu uye hupenyu mumotokari. Kune vagadziri vemotokari zhinji dzemazuva ano, kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha zvakanyanya.
Chekutanga, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti dhizaini yemotokari yemazuva ano inobvumira kuti ipone kunyangwe kudhumhana kwakanyanya. Uye izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kune makuru limousine, asiwo kune madiki emuguta-kirasi mota. Iyi inhau huru kune chero mutengi wemota. Isu tine chikwereti ichi kufambira mberi zvakanyanya kune zvitsva zvekushandisa uye matekinoroji, asi huchenjeri hwevagadziri uye kugona kwavo kuunza hutsva hwakakosha hakuna kukosha kudiki.
Boka rekutanga rezvinhu zvemotokari zvine chekuita nekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa hazviite. Inoramba isingaite kunze kwekunge paine kubonderana kana kubondera. Basa guru mairi rinotambidzwa nemuviri wemuviri, wakagadzirirwa nenzira yakadai sekudzivirira zvinobudirira nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa vafambi. Muviri wakanyatsogadzirwa wemotokari yemazuva ano inoenderana neyakaomesesa fomu yekeji inodzivirira kubva pamhedzisiro yekudhumhana.
Mamiriro epamberi, kumashure uye mativi haana kuomarara sezvaanotarisisa pakutorwa kwesimba. Kudai motokari yacho yose yakanga yakaoma sezvinobvira, kunonoka kunokonzerwa nokubondera kukuru kwaizopa ngozi kuvatakuri vari mukati. Iyo yakaomeswa kabhini inogadzirwa uchishandisa yakakwirira-simba masheets nenzira yekugovera simba rekukanganisa kunobvira pamusoro penzvimbo huru inogoneka. Pasinei nokuti inobva kune rumwe rutivi rupi, zvose sill uye mbiru, pamwe chete nedenga remba, zvinofanira kubvisa masimba ekumanikidzika pamuviri wemotokari.
Kumberi nekumashure kwemota yemazuva ano inovakwa zvinoenderana nekuverenga chaiko kwakavakirwa pamakomputa simulations uye bvunzo dzakatemerwa tsaona. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kupatsanurwa kunofanirwa kuitika maererano neyakagamuchirwa mamiriro, ayo anopa kutorwa kwesimba rakawanda rekudhumhana sezvinobvira. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akakamurwa kuita zvikamu, maererano neiyo nzvimbo yekupwanya inovakwa. Yekutanga inzvimbo yekudzivirira yevanofamba netsoka (kwete kumashure). Inosanganisira bumper yakapfava, apron yekumberi yakaumbwa zvakafanira uye chivharo chemberi chiri nyore kuremara.
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Nzvimbo yechipiri, inonzi nzvimbo yekugadzirisa, inoshanda kutora mhedzisiro yekudhumhana kudiki. Izvi zvinoitwa nerubatsiro rweyakakosha, nyore kuremara danda nekukurumidza kuseri kwebumper uye yakakosha, maprofile madiki, anonzi "crash boxes", akapetwa kuita accordion nekuda kweakakosha cutouts. Kuwedzeredzwa kwebeam kwakaringana kunoita kuti marambi epamusoro achengetedzwe zvakanaka. Kunyangwe kana danda risingabatire kudzvanywa, marambi emusoro anomira zvinorema nekuda kweiyo yakasimba polycarbonate chimiro.
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Nzvimbo yechitatu, inonzi deformation zone, inobatanidzwa mukuparara kwesimba kwenjodzi dzakanyanya. Inosanganisira kusimbiswa kwebhandi remberi, nhengo dzeparutivi, mavhiri arches, hood yekumberi uye mune dzakawanda nyaya subframe, pamwe nekumiswa kwepamberi uye injini ine zvishongedzo. Airbags zvakare chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza passive. Kwete nhamba yavo chete yakakosha, iyo yakanyanya kunaka, asiwo nzvimbo yavo, chimiro, nzira yekuzadza uye kururamisa kwekutonga.
Iyo yekumberi airbag inoisa zvizere chete munjodzi dzakakomba. Kana njodzi yakaderera, mapiro anowedzera zvishoma, kuderedza migumisiro yekubata musoro nehomwe. Pasi pe dashboard, patove nemabhodhoro emabvi, pamwe nemabolsters evafambi vezvigaro zvekumashure, anodhonzwa kubva pakati penzvimbo yemusoro kana pakaitika kudhumhana.
Iyo pfungwa yekuchengetedza inoshanda inosanganisira zvese zvinhu zvinoshanda uchityaira uye zvinogona kugara zvichitsigira kana kugadzirisa zviito zvemutyairi. Iyo huru yemagetsi sisitimu ichiri ABS, iyo inodzivirira mavhiri kubva kukiya kana mota iri braking. Iyo inosarudzika EBD basa, kureva Electronic Brakeforce Distribution, inosarudza iyo yakakodzera brake simba kune yega vhiri. Zvakare, iyo ESP kudzikamisa system (mamwe mazita VSC, VSA, DSTC, DSC, VDC) inodzivirira mota kuti irege kutsvedza kana ichikona kana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emugwagwa (mapuddles, mabumps) nekurova vhiri rinoenderana panguva yakakodzera. BAS, inozivikanwawo se "Emergency Brake Assist", yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera brake pedal pressure panguva yekukurumidzira braking.
