albatross
Albatross, i.e. motokari yemuchadenga isina kutungamirwa yePolish Navy
Chimwe chezvinangwa zve Operational Program "Image uye Satellite Recognition" yeChirongwa cheTechnical Modernization yePolish Armed Forces ye2013-2022 ine chekuita nekutengwa kwetactical unmanned vertical take-off uye kumhara ndege yakaoma, code-yakanzi " Albatros", yakagadzirirwa kushanda kubva kumapuranga ePoland Navy. Nokudaro, ichava hurongwa hunoshandiswa nevafambisi vezvikepe uye mamishinari kunyanya pagungwa.
Zvichida, mubvunzo wekutanga unomuka paunotaura nezvechikepe chinobhururuka chiri muchikepe chine chekuita nemutakuri wayo, i.e. ngarava. Kutamiswa kwayo, dhizaini, zvimiro zvecockpit uye hangar (kunyangwe telescopic) inotaridza tactical uye tekinoroji paramita yemotokari yemuchadenga isina munhu. Hurombo husina kunaka hwePolish Navy uye kushomeka kwezvikepe zvemazuva ano zvinogona kumutsa kusava nechokwadi kuti kutenga maUAV anofambiswa nemhepo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haaenderani.
Hazard Perry, raira chikepe ORP Kontradmirał Xawery Czernicki uye munguva pfupi patrol ngarava ORP Ślązak. Nekudaro, sarudzo dzaDecember dzeMinistry of Defense uye Armaments Inspectorate yeBazi reDziviriro, kureva kudzoka mukuitwa kweMechnik pamhenderekedzo yekudzivirira yekudzivirira chirongwa chekuvaka ngarava, kumanikidza ngarava nyowani dzepamusoro kudzoka pachirongwa, chingave corvettes kana frigates. , uye vatatu vavo vachawedzerwa kuPolish Navy kupfuura 2025, sezvakaratidzwa munguva ichangopfuura Maritime Safety Forum. Saka, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti tactical "short-range tactical-class UAV ine vertical launch" ichawanikwa neMechnikovs mupfungwa (iyo purogiramu yakanga ichiri kukwira apo Albatross yaifungidzirwa).
Tactical, chii?
Tisati tatanga kufunga kuti ndeapi maparameter uye zvishandiso izvo ramangwana reAlbatross rinofanira kuve nazvo, zvakakosha kuti titarise izvo IU inonzwisisa nezwi rekuti "tactical" UAV. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakaziviswa kune huwandu, nguva yendege uye mubhadharo ndezvakajairika uye bhodhoro kusvika kurekodha kugona, hukuru, hukuru, hukuru. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune kumhanya kwendege kunokwanisika. Zvisinei, mashoko acho izano: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kusimuka uremu imwe aerial papuratifomu haapfuuri 200 makirogiramu (MTOW - kunonyanyisa takeoff uremu). Saka, iyo inodiwa UAV iri pakati peI uye II kirasi yeUAVs maererano neNATO classification. Kirasi I inosanganisira michina inorema isingasviki 150 kg, uye kirasi II - kubva 150 kusvika 600 kg. Huremu uye zviyero zveUAV zvinoshandurirwa mu radius yayo yekushandisa, iyo, ine inogamuchirwa yekubvisa huremu ME, inogona kutariswa se100÷150 km. Izvi zvinoteverawo kubva kumaredhiyo. Iyo UAV inofanirwa kubhururuka mukati menzvimbo yekuvhara (mumunda wekuona) yeantenna yekukurukurirana (ndege yekudzora uye reconnaissance data transmission) muchikepe, ichi chinodiwa chinosanganisirwa mune zvinodiwa zvekushanda, kana chinogona kukunda chikamu chenzira yakazvimirira, kusanganisira reconnaissance, mushure mekutanga hurongwa, asi ipapo haigone kufambisa data rehungwaru munguva chaiyo. Nehuremu hwekusimuka hunosvika 200 kg, iyo Albatross haizove nesatellite yekutaurirana system. Imwe mukana ingave yekudzosera chiratidzo, asi, chekutanga, hapana chinodikanwa chakadaro, uye chechipiri, izvi zvinoreva kuwedzera kwenhamba yeUAVs muchikepe kana imwe UAV inobhururuka yaifanira kupa relaying (imwe mukana iri kuendesa neimwe nzira. ndege, semuenzaniso, inotungamirwa, asi muchokwadi chePolish izvi zvinongove zvekufungidzira).
Kana zviri zvimwe zviratidzo zvespatiotemporal, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kumhanya kwendege hakungapfuuri 200 km/h (kumhanya kwekufamba kungangove kuri zvishoma kupfuura 100 km/h), uye nguva yekubhururuka ichange iri mumhando ye ~ 4 ÷ 8. maawa.Zvinogoneka kupfuudza kureba kunodarika 1000 m, asi kureba kwendege yepatrol hakuzopfuure mazana mashoma emamita. Kuwedzera kune chimiro chemishoni, aya ma parameter anozopesvedzerwa nekugadzirwa kweiyo yakasarudzwa UAV, pamwe neiyo hydrometeorological mamiriro.
VTOL
Nekuseka, kusarudzwa kwezita rekodhi yechirongwa kunoratidza kuti huwandu uye nguva yekubhururuka zvinotora pamberi peVTOL. Mushure mezvose, maalbatross ane mukurumbira wekuvhara madaro mahombe nekuda kwekusvetuka pamapapiro adzo aine span inosvika matatu metres (yavo "tekinoroji maitiro" ari padyo neMQ-4C Triton pane iyo UAV iyo MO inoda kutenga). Mapapiro akafanana anodzivirira shiri idzi kuti dzirege kubva nokukurumidza uye nyore (dzinofanira kutora kumhanya), uyewo kubva pakuita kumhara kwakarurama pane imwe nzvimbo. Uye albatross anozivikanwawo nekusagadzikana uku pasi.
Asi zvakakomba, mamiriro ekusimuka uye kumhara kubva padhizaini yengarava inoderedza iyo inogoneka masisitimu ezvimiro umo ramangwana reAlbatross rinogona kuvakwa. Mhinduro yakapfava ingava chikopokopo chisina munhu. Michina yakadaro yakakurumbira pasi rose kune zvikumbiro zvakafanana neAlbatross. Iko kune, hongu, yakawanda avant-garde kana inorthodox yekutora-off uye nzira dzekumhara. Kuvandudzwa kwemichina, inotsanangurwa neChirungu chidimbu VTOL (kana V / STOL), chikamu chenhoroondo yendege, iyo, zvisinei, isiri iyo musoro wechinyorwa ichi. Zvakwana kutaura kuti kwemakumi emakore, mazano akasiyana akaedzwa kuti ashanduke kubva kumberi kuenda kumberi kubhururuka uye zvakasiyana, uye mashoma chete ndiwo akaitwa. Kunyanya nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi anopa kutyaira kwendege. Mamwe emazano aya akashanduka (zvirinani muchikamu chekuyedza) kuita mota dzisina munhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana tikafunga nezveyekuedza, yehurumende kana yekutengeserana isina munhu anofamba nendege, ipapo panogona kunge pasina propulsion-glider system isati yaedzwa.
