Alfa Romeo Spider. Brand showcase
Apo yakanga iri itsva, yakanga iri chirevo chakashinga chemotokari inofadza. Too bold kune vamwe. Basa remufirimu uye nekufamba kwenguva kwakachinja zvese. Alfa Spider yakaratidza kuve yakararama kwenguva refu. Vazhinji vevakwikwidzi uye vazhinji vevatori venhau vakaturika imbwa paari vakapona.
MaItaly akaienzanisa zvine simba nebhonzo recuttlefish (chiItalian: osso di seppia), iyo longitudinal dorsal membrane mumuviri wecephalopod. Vapfuri veCanary vanoziva kuti chii. Cuttlefish bone inoiswa mumatanga eshiri sechitubu che calcium, kunyanya panguva yekuberekesa, kunyungudika uye kukura. Nekufamba kwenguva, zita remadunhurirwa iri rakaramba rakanamatira kuchizvarwa chekutanga cheSpider uye rakarasikirwa nemataurirwo aro asina kunaka.
Hafu yezana ramakore rapfuura, chimiro cheAlfa Romeo Spider chinogona kuvhundutsa, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa maBritish mugwagwa wenguva iyoyo. Yakakwenenzverwa, iine marambi akatenderera, uye magumo akareba kumashure uye mukati mapfupi zvakapa huyero hwechikepe chine injini.
Iyo silhouette yakagadzirwa nePininfarina studio, iyo yakashinga yakatsanangura maumbirwo emotokari, ichivimba neaesthetics ye "zera reatomu". Tsanangudzo dzeSpider yakazotevera dzinogona kuwanikwa muSuper Flow dzakateedzana prototypes kubva muhafu yechipiri ye50s, iyo miviri yavo yakatsetseka ine denga rakajeka rakavhara jongwe (nezvimwe) yakaita senge mavhiri aisungirira pasi aingove echinguvana. kuwedzera.
Kutanga kweAlfa Spider kwakaitika paGeneva Motor Show muchirimo cha1966. Yakagamuchirwa nekuzvidzora, kunyangwe zvaiita sekunge mota zhinji dzemujaho uye kuunzwa kweJaguar E muna 1961 kwakajairira veruzhinji kune "pancake" mafomu emota. muviri. Sezvineiwo, zororo rakauya kubva kumusika wakakosha we "vechidiki vane bhajeti ra1967": iyo US. Muna XNUMX, nguva pfupi yeKisimusi isati yasvika, mutambo we "The Graduate" wakabuda pazviratidziro aine anokatyamadza Dustin Hoffman nemotokari yake yakanaka ari pamberi. Iyo tsvuku Alfa Romeo yaitaridzika seyakatsvinda saAnne Bancroft saMai Bancroft. Robinson, uye akatama achingonyengedza. Iyo mota yakakwezva kutarisa, kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwayo kwegore hakuna kumbopfuura nhamba ina.
Muchiitiko chakanakisisa, muna 1991 paiva ne907 3 vavo. Kudiwa kwaienderana nemamiriro ehupfumi mumusika weUS uye kuchinjika pamwe chete nawo. Munguva yedambudziko ra1981, 165 chete katatu yakavakwa.
Spider yakaramba yakanyura nekuti yaive yakanaka sosi yemari uye yakakura "yekushambadzira mudziyo". Yakavakwa pachishandiswa zvinhu kubva kune yakakurumbira Giulia, kusanganisira yakapfupikiswa chassis, saka yaive isingadhure kugadzira. Yaive neyakazvimirira double wishbone front suspension. Kumashure kwaive neaxle yakaoma ine mashuviro uye linkage. Pamusoro pezvo, ese ari maviri maaxle aive nemakoiri zvitubu uye telescopic shock absorbers. Madhisiki mabhureki aive pamavhiri ese. Injini yechina-cylinder yakabatanidzwa negiya bhokisi rinomhanya shanu kubva pakutanga. Pakati pe-60s, idzi dzaive mhinduro dzemazuva ano dzaisawanzoonekwa, kunyanya muchikamu chakazara. Chinhu chikuru chakataura nevatyairi kwaiva kutinhira kwemotokari. Runako rwayo, sporty tailpipe spike uye zvese zvakanakisa izvo mota isina denga inazvo.
Mhungu ndiyo yaive showcase yerudzi. Aida kugadzira mota dzainakidza kutyaira, uye ndiyo yaive modhi yaipa mufaro mukuwanda. Akanga achimhanya, asi kwete zvakanyanya. Kusiyana nevamwe Alf Romeos, kazhinji yenguva ivo havana kukwikwidza nechido chemibairo yepamusoro mumotorsport. Chimwe chinhu chakaita kuti vatyairi vasarudze kuishandisa kuita nzendo dzisina hanya, pane kurwira mazana esekondi.
Pakutanga yakapihwa 1600 Duetto ine 109 hp. yakatsiviwa muna 1967 ne1750 Veloce ine 118 hp. (muUSA kunyangwe 1 hp) uye 32 Junior ine 1 hp. muna 300. Kubva ipapo kusvika kumagumo, Spider range yaisanganisira nzira mbiri. : isina simba uye yakasimba. Chitarisiko chave chichigadziriswa nguva nenguva kuti chienderane nemaitiro azvino. Shanduko yakajeka yaive musana wakafuratira, wakagurwa nevagadziri mu'89. MaItaly anodana iyi shanduro "coda tronca" - muswe mupfupi. Muna 1968, iyo 1969a yakatevedzana yakasiya yakakwenenzverwa yemwenje mavhavha ane epurasitiki muviri wakapfeka. Zvakadaro, dzaingoshandiswa kuEurope chete, mota dzaiendeswa kuUSA dzaive dzisina. VaGermany vanotaura nezvechizvarwa chechitatu cheSpider "Gummilippe", zvinoreva "miromo yerabha".
Shanduko dzakaitwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwefashoni yenguva pfupi uye mitemo yekuchengetedza yeAmerica haina kugara ichiwedzera kunaka kumota. Ndokusaka iyo pre-1969 modhi ine yakatenderedzwa kumashure ichinyanya kukoshesa. Iyo yakanyatso kutaurwa nemaItari muchizvarwa chazvino che1990-9 Spider 3, iyo iri kuchengetwa muchikamu che "nostalgic" yemotokari. Iwo ari nani zvakanyanya kupfuura Volkswagen New Beetle, semuenzaniso, zvekuti iwo akananga kubva kune yekutanga. Sechikamu cheazvino nhevedzano, Alfa akapa maAmerican chipo muchimiro chezvikamu zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe zvemhemberero Spider Veloce CE (Kurangarira Edition). Mumwe nemumwe wavo aive nebheji raive nenhamba padashboard. Vakapiwa se "190 model". Paivewo ne special series, incl. "Niki Lauda" muna 1994 uye "Bote" muna 1978, yakafuridzirwa neFrench fashion designer Jean-Louis Scherrer.
Muchikamu chechina, kekutanga, 3-speed "otomatiki" yakapiwa sechisarudzo. Kare kare, fekitari yakatanga kupa hardtop inobvisika. Paivawo neshanduro yeTarga, ine chimedu chedenga chinobvisika pamusoro pezvigaro. Iyo 2 + 2 sarudzo yakapenyawo mukupihwa, iyo isina kuramba ichidziya kwenguva yakareba, sezvo chigaro chekumashure chisingabvumidze kuiswa kwemabhandi echigaro.
Mumakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu, mhungu 30 yakavakwa. Kubatsira kweAlfa hakusi mu "huwandu", asi mu "mhando". Anoyeukwa nevanhu, sezvinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwemazita anopiwa kuzvizvarwa zvake. Inenge yega Alpha inokwezva kutarisa, asi iyo Spider chete ine yakawanda yekuItaly, isingazvirerekeri, yakagadzika-kumashure kunaka.
Kana
Mhungu yakagadzirwa kwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe. Zvizvarwa zvina zvakasikwa. Yekutanga 27a "osso di seppia" kubva 1-1966 yairatidza yakatenderera furati kumashure. 69a ya2-1969 yaive yakapfupikiswa, yakanyatsochekwa "Kamma kumashure". Iyo 81-3 "Aerodinamica" 1982a, inozivikanwawo se "dhadha rump", yakanga yakashongedzerwa mupurasitiki nhema uye yakasimudzwa nemuparadzi mukuru wekumashure.
Yechina 4a "Ultima" ye1990-93 yakadzokera kune kuchena kwepakutanga. Kunyange zvazvo akagamuchira mabhampa makuru, akanga akapendwa neruvara rwomuviri. Dhiramu, rine tambo yemwenje mudiki inomhanya nepakati pehupamhi hwayo hwose, yakarereka zvakanaka uye yakabhenda kumativi.
Spider yaive ne4-cylinder injini ine displacement (yakatenderedzwa) ye1300, 1600, 1750 uye 2000 cm3 mune akati wandei shanduro. Asina kusimba akasvika pa89, ane simba zvikuru 132 hp.
Duet for two
Iri zita remadunhurirwa risiri pamutemo raizove zita remuenzaniso. Yakasarudzwa mumakwikwi, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, zvakazoitika kuti imwe kambani yakaichengeta. Inoshandiswa kutsanangura shanduro yepakutanga neinjini ye 1600. Zita rokuti Junior raishandiswa kureva shanduro dzakazotevera dzine injini dzisina simba, Veloce ine simba rakawanda. Muna 1986, iyo Quadrifoglio Verde (yeItalian-leaf clover) yakaonekwa, zvichireva mota dzemujaho. MuUS, kubva 1985 kusvika 1990, ane mwero "Graduate" akatengeswa zvakare.
Julia, Juliet ...
Spider engines dzaive shanje. Vaive neyakajeka alloy block uye musoro, uye maviri epamusoro camshafts (DOHC), asi mavharuvhu maviri chete pacylinder. Iyo kambani yakavashandisa mukugadziridzwa kwakawanda mumamodeli akasiyana. Ivo vakashanduka kubva ku1290 cc twin-shaft injini. cm, iyo yakaunzwa mugore re3 paAlfa Romeo Giulietta. Dzakamiswa muna 1954 chete, uye shanduro dzekupedzisira, dzakaiswa pa1994, 75 uye 155 Alfa modhi, dzaive neinochinja nguva yevharuvhu, jekiseni remagetsi uye spark plugs pacylinder (Twin Spark).
Yakasarudzwa tekinoroji data yeAlfa Romeo Spider
| The model | Spider 1600 Duet series 1a | Fast Spider 2000 series 2a | Spider 2.0 nhepfenyuro 4a |
| Bhuku Regore | 1966 | 1975 | 1994 |
| Body type/ Nhamba yemasuo | mhungu/2 | mhungu/2 | mhungu/2 |
| nhamba yezvigaro | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Kuyera uye kuyerwa | |||
| Length Width/ kureba (mm) | 4250/1630/1290 | 4120/1630/1290 | 4258/1630/1290 |
| Wheel track mberi / kumashure (mm) | 1310/1270 | 1324/1274 | 1324/1274 |
| Wheel base (mm) | 2250 | 2250 | 2250 |
| Kurema kwake (kg) | 990 | 1040 | 1110 |
| емкость hunde (l) | 230 | 300 | 300 |
| емкость tangi yemafuta (l) | 46 | 51 | 46 |
| Dhiraivha system | |||
| Rudzi rwemafuta | peturu | peturu | peturu |
| Uwandu sepombi | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| емкость injini (cm3) | 1570 | 1962 | 1962 |
| dhiraivha ekisero | shure | shure | shure |
| Transmission type/ nhamba yegiya | bhuku / 5 | bhuku / 5 | bhuku / 5 |
| Kubudirira | |||
| Simba (hp) paRpm | 109 pa 6000 | 128 pa 5300 | 126 pa 5800 |
| Torque (Nm) paRpm | 139 pa 2800 | 186 pa 3500 | 167 pa 4200 |
| kumhanyisa 0-100 km/h(s) | 10,3 | 9 | 9 |
| Speed huwandu (km/h) | 185 | 192 | 192 |
| Avhareji yekushandisa mafuta (l / 100 km) | 9 | 10,4 | 8,7 |
