Yedza nzira dzekutyaira: CHIKAMU 2 - Mota
Kana iwe uine mukana wekubhururuka pamusoro peWestern Siberia husiku, nepahwindo iwe uchaona chinotyisa kuona, kuyeuchidza gwenga reKuwaiti mushure mekubviswa kwemauto aSaddam munguva yehondo yekutanga muIraq. Iyo nzvimbo yakazara neakakura kupisa "mazhenje", iri humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti vazhinji veRussia vagadziri vemafuta vachiri kufunga gasi rechisikirwo yechigadzirwa uye chisina basa mukuita kwekutsvaga minda yemafuta ...
Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti tsvina iyi ichamiswa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Kwemakore mazhinji, gasi rechisikigo raionekwa sechinhu chakawandisa uye raipiswa kana kungoregedzwa muchadenga. Inofungidzirwa kuti kusvika parizvino Saudi Arabia yoga yakadonhedza kana kupisa anopfuura mazana emamirioni mazana mana emamiriyoni emamita emagetsi emagetsi panguva yekugadzirwa kwemafuta ...
Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira yacho inoshandurwa - makambani akawanda emazuva ano emafuta ave achidya gasi rechisikigo kwenguva yakareba, achiona kukosha kwechigadzirwa ichi uye kukosha kwayo, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mune ramangwana. Maonero aya ezvinhu akanyanya hunhu hweUnited States, uko, kusiyana neakatopera mafuta matura, kuchine gasi hombe. Mamiriro ekupedzisira anoonekwa otomatiki mumaindasitiri enyika yakakura, iro basa risingafungidzike pasina mota, uye zvakanyanya pasina marori makuru nemabhazi. Kune makambani ezvekufambisa akawandisa kunze kwenyika ari kusimudzira injini dzedhiziri dzemarori avo kuti ashande nemasisitimu egasi-dhiziri akasanganiswa uye mafuta eblue chete. Zvikepe zvakawanda zviri kuchinja gasi rechisikigo.
Zvichipesana nemashure emitengo yemafuta emafuta, mutengo wemethane unonzwika unonakidza, uye vazhinji vari kutanga kukahadzika kuti pane kubata pano - uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Tichifunga kuti simba riri pakirogiramu yemethane rakakwirira kudarika kirogiramu yepeturu, uye kuti rita imwe (kureva, cubic decimeter) yepeturu inorema isingasviki kilogiramu, chero munhu anogona kugumisa kuti kilogiramu yemethane ine zvakawanda zvakawanda. simba rinopfuura rita repeturu. Zviripachena kuti kunyangwe pasina uku kujeka kwenhamba uye kusaenzana kusinganzwisisike, kumhanya mota ichimhanya negasi rechisikigo kana methane kunodhura iwe mari shoma pane kumhanya mota ichimhanya nepeturu.
Asi heino hombe "ASI"… Sei, sezvo "scam" yakakura, hapana munhu munyika medu anoshandisa gasi rechisikigo semafuta emotokari, uye mota dzakachinjirwa kushandiswa kwayo muBulgaria hadziwanzo. chiitiko kubva kukangaroo kuenda kugomo repine Rhodope? Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu wakajairika haina kupihwa nenyaya yekuti indasitiri yegasi pasirese iri kusimukira nekukurumidza uye pari zvino inoonekwa seyakachengeteka kune imwe nzira yemafuta epetroleum. Hydrogen injini tekinoroji ichine ramangwana risina chokwadi, in-cylinder manejimendi einjini yehydrogen yakaoma zvakanyanya, uye ndeipi nzira yehupfumi yekubvisa hydrogen yakachena haisati yanyatsojeka. Tichipesana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, remangwana remethane nderekuti, kutaura zvinyoro, kupenya - kunyanya sezvo paine dhipoziti yakakura yegasi munyika dzakachengeteka mune zvematongerwo enyika, iyo matekinoroji matsva (akataurwa mune yapfuura chinyorwa che cryogenic liquefaction uye kemikari shanduko yegasi rechisikigo kuita zvinwiwa) zviri kudhura, nepo mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvehydrocarbon uri kukura. Tisingataure chokwadi chekuti methane ine mukana wese wekuva sosi huru yehydrogen yemafuta emafuta emangwana.
Chikonzero chaicho chekusiiwa kwemagasi ehydrocarbon semafuta emota achiri mitengo yakaderera yemafuta kwemakumi emakore, izvo zvakasundira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemotokari pamwe neyakaenzana nzira yekufambisa migwagwa kuenda kunopihwa simba reinjini dzepeturu nedhiziri. Kupesana neshure kweichi chijairira maitiro, kuyedza kushandisa gasi peturu pane zvishoma nezvishoma uye hazvina basa.
Kunyangwe mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, kushomeka kwemafuta emvura kuGerman kwakatungamira mukumuka kwemotokari dzakashongedzerwa nemaitiro akareruka ekushandisa gasi rechisikigo, iro, kunyangwe rakanyanya chinyakare, rakasiyana zvishoma nemaitiro anoshandiswa nemataxi eBulgaria nhasi. kubva kumagirosa egesi uye zvinoderedza. Mafuta emafuta akawedzera kukosha panguva yematambudziko maviri emafuta muna 1973 na1979-80, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro tinogona kungotaura nezvekupenya kupfupi kwakamboenda kusingaonekwe uye hakuna kutungamira mukusimudzira kwakakura munzvimbo ino. Kweanopfuura makumi maviri emakore kubva padambudziko rakaipisisa iri, mitengo yemafuta yakaramba yakaderera, ichisvika mitengo isinganetsi muna 1986 na1998 pamadhora gumi dhiramu. Zviripachena kuti mamiriro akadaro haakwanise kuva nemhedzisiro inosimudzira pane mamwe marudzi emafuta emafuta ...
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nerimwe, mamiriro emusika zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvirokwazvo achifamba mune imwe nzira. Kubva pakurwiswa kwemagandanga muna11 Nyamavhuvhu 2001, pakave nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma asi kwakatsiga kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta, iyo yakaramba ichikwira nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushandisa neChina neIndia uye nematambudziko mukutsvaga matsva matsva. Nekudaro, makambani emota anonyanya kunetsa mukutungamira kwekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemotokari dzakashandisirwa kumhanya pamafuta egesi. Zvikonzero zvekushushikana uku zvinogona kuwanikwa mune inertia yekufunga kwevakawanda vatengi, vakajairira echinyakare mafuta emafuta (kune veEurope, semuenzaniso, dhiziri mafuta anoramba ari iwo chaiwo nzira kune peturu), uye mukuda kwekudyara kwakakura muzvivakwa zvepombi. uye zviteshi zve compressor. Kana izvi zvikawedzerwa kune yakaoma uye anodhura masisitimu ekuchengetera mafuta (kunyanya akaomeswa gasi rechisikigo) mumotokari chaimo, mufananidzo mukuru unotanga kujekesa.
Nekune rimwe divi, magasi emafuta emagetsi ari kuwedzera kusiyanisa uye anotevera tekinoroji yevamwe vavo peturu. Mafedhi egasi atoshandisa iwo akanyanya kuomesesa emagetsi majekiseni kupinza mafuta mumvura (ichiri isingawanzo shomeka) kana gasi chikamu. Kune zvakare akawanda uye akawanda ekugadzira mota modhi fekitori-yakagadzirirwa monovalent gasi rekupa kana nemukana wehuviri gasi / peturu kupa. Kuwedzera, imwe mukana wemafuta egasi iri kuitika - nekuda kwechimiro chemakemikari ayo, magasi anowedzera oxidized, uye mwero wezvinokuvadza zvinobuda mumagasi emota dzinoshandisa iwo akaderera zvakanyanya.
Kutanga kutsva
Nekudaro, budiriro kumusika inoda yakanangwa uye yakananga mari yekukurudzira kune yekupedzisira-vashandisi gasi rechisikigo semafuta emotokari. Kukwezva vatengi, vatengesi vemethane kuGermany vari kutopa vatengi vemotokari yegasi nemabhonasi akakosha, maitiro ayo dzimwe nguva anoita seasingadaviriki - semuenzaniso, kambani yekuparadzira gasi yeHamburg inodzosera vanhu mari yekutenga gasi. motokari kubva kune vamwe vatengesi kwenguva yegore rimwe. Mamiriro ega emushandisi ndeye kunamira chitupa chemubatsiri wekushambadzira pamota yavo...
Chikonzero nei gasi rechisikigo muGermany neBulgaria (munyika dzose dziri mbiri gasi rakawanda rinobva kuRussia nepombi) rakachipa zvikuru kupfuura mamwe mafuta, rinofanira kutsvakwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dziri pamutemo. Mutengo wemusika wegasi wakabatana zvine musoro nemutengo wemafuta: sezvo mutengo wemafuta unowedzera, mutengo wegasi chaiwo unowedzera, asi mutsauko wemitengo yepeturu uye gasi kumutengi wekupedzisira unonyanya kukonzerwa nekuderedzwa kwemutero wezvakasikwa. gasi. MuGermany, semuenzaniso, mutengo wegesi unotarwa zviri pamutemo kusvika 2020, uye chirongwa che "kugadzirisa" ichi ndecheiyi: panguva ino mutengo wegasi chaiwo unogona kukura pamwe chete nemutengo wemafuta, asi mukana wayo wakaenzana. pamusoro pemamwe manyuko esimba anofanira kuchengetedzwa pamwero wenguva dzose. Zviri pachena kuti nehurongwa hwakadaro hwemutemo, mitengo yakaderera uye kusavapo kwezvinetso mukuvakwa kwe "gasi injini", dambudziko chete rekukura kwemusika uyu rinoramba riri network isina kugadzirwa yezviteshi zvegesi - muGermany yakakura, Somuenzaniso, pane 300 chete pfungwa dzakadaro, uye muBulgaria kune dzakawanda.
Tarisiro yekuzadza kushomeka kwezvivakwa zvinotaridzika zvakanaka panguva ino - muGermany, mubatanidzwa weErdgasmobil uye hofori yemafuta yeFrance TotalFinaElf inotarisira kuisa mari yakawanda mukuvakwa kwezviuru zvinoverengeka zviteshi zvegasi, uye muBulgaria makambani akati wandei atora zvakafanana. basa. Zvinogoneka kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera Europe yese ichashandisa iyo yakafanana yakagadziridzwa network yekuzadza zviteshi zvegasi repetroleum rechisikigo uye rakanyungudutswa sevatengi muItari neNetherlands - nyika idzo budiriro munharaunda iyi yatakakuudza nezvayo mumagazini yapfuura.
Honda Civic GX
PaFrankfurt Motor Show muna 1997, Honda yakaunza Civic GX, ichiti ndiyo motokari inochengetedza nharaunda pasi rose. Zvakazoitika kuti chirevo chekuda kwevaJapan hachingori imwe nzira yekushambadzira, asi chokwadi chakachena, icho chinoramba chakakosha nanhasi, uye chinogona kuoneka mukuita mune yazvino edition yeCivic GX. Iyo mota yakagadzirirwa kushanda pagasi rechisikigo chete, uye injini yakagadzirirwa kutora mukana wakazara weiyo yakakwira octane rating yemafuta gasi. Hazvishamise kuti mota dzerudzi urwu nhasi dzinogona kupa exhaust emission level yakaderera pane inodiwa mune ramangwana Euro 5 European economy, kana 90% yakaderera pane US ULEVs (Ultra Low Emission Vehicles). . Injini yeHonda inomhanya zvakanyanya, uye iyo yakakwirira compression reshiyo ye12,5: 1 inotsiva yakaderera volumetric simba kukosha kwegasi chaiwo kana ichienzaniswa nepeturu. Iyo 120-litre tangi inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, uye yakaenzana kushandiswa kwegasi i6,9 malita. Honda's yakakurumbira VTEC variable valve timing system inoshanda zvakanaka neakakosha zvivakwa zvehuni uye inovandudza injini kuchaja. Nekuda kwekupisa kwakadzika kwegasi rechisikigo uye chokwadi chekuti mafuta "akaoma" uye haana mafuta ekuzora, zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvinogadzirwa neakakosha anodzivirira kupisa alloys. Mapistoni anogadzirwawo nemidziyo yakasimba, sezvo gasi risingakwanise kutonhodza masilinda parinobuda sepeturu.
Mahosi eHonda GX muchikamu chegasi anobayiwa negasi rechisikigo, iro rakakura zvakapetwa ka770 pane yakaenzana huwandu hwepeturu. Dambudziko guru retekinoroji kune mainjiniya eHonda raive rekugadzira majekiseni akakodzera kuti ashande mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro uye zvinodikanwa - kuti uwane simba rakakwana, majekiseni anofanirwa kutarisana nebasa rakaoma rekupa panguva imwe chete iyo inodiwa huwandu hwegasi, iyo, mumusimboti, liquid peturu inobayiwa. Iri idambudziko reinjini dzese dzerudzi urwu, sezvo gasi richitora vhoriyamu yakakura, inobvisa imwe mhepo uye inoda jekiseni zvakananga mumakamuri ekupisa.
Muna 1997 chete, Fiat akaratidzawo zvakafanana Honda GX modhi. Iyo "bivalent" vhezheni yeMarea inogona kushandisa marudzi maviri ehuturu - peturu uye gasi rechisikigo, uye gasi rinopombwa nechipiri, yakazvimirira yakazvimirira mafuta system. Injini inogara ichitanga pamafuta emvura uye yobva yachinja kuita gasi. Iyo 1,6-lita injini ine simba re 93 hp. nemafuta egasi uye 103 hp. With. pakushandisa peturu. Muchidimbu, injini inonyanya kushanda pagesi, kunze kwekuti iyo yekupedzisira inopera kana mutyairi ane chido chakajeka chekushandisa peturu. Nehurombo, iyo "huviri hunhu" hwebivalent simba haibvumiri kushandiswa kwakazara kweyakanakira yakakwira-octane gasi rechisikigo. Fiat parizvino iri kugadzira Mulipla vhezheni nerudzi urwu rwePSU.
Nekufamba kwenguva, mhando dzakafanana dzakaonekwa munzvimbo yeOpel (Astra uye Zafira Bi Fuel yeLPG neCNG shanduro), PSA (Peugeot 406 LPG neCitroen Xantia LPG) uye VW (Golf Bifuel). Volvo inoonekwa seyakajairika munzvimbo ino, ichigadzira akasiyana eS60, V70 uye S80, inokwanisa kumhanyisa gasi rechisikirwo pamwe nemabioogas neLPG. Dzese idzi mota dzakashongedzerwa negesi jekiseni masisitimu anoshandisa akakosha mhezi, zvemagetsi zvinodzorwa tekinoroji maitiro uye mafuta-anoenderana michina zvikamu senge mavharuvhu nemapiston. CNG matangi emafuta anokwanisa kumira kumanikidza kwema 700 bar, kunyangwe gasi pacharo rakachengetwa mavari pakamanikidzwa kusapfuuri mazana maviri ebhawa.
BMW
BMW mutsigiri anozivikanwa wemafuta anoenderera uye anga achigadzira akasiyana magetsi emotokari dzine mamwe masosi kwemakore mazhinji. Kudzoka mukutanga kwe90s, kambani yeBavaria yakagadzira mhando dze316g uye 518g dzakatevedzana, dzinoshandisa gasi rechisikigo sehuni. Muzviitiko zvazvino, kambani yakafunga kuyedza matekinoroji matsva uye, pamwe neboka refiriji reGerman Linde, kambani yemafuta yeAral nekambani yemagetsi E.ON Energy, vakagadzira chirongwa chekushandisa magasi ane liquefied. Iyo purojekiti iri kusimukira mumativi maviri: yekutanga kugadzirwa kweliquefied hydrogen zvekushandisa, uye yechipiri ndeyekushandiswa kweriquefied gasi rechisikigo. Kushandiswa kwe liquefied hydrogen kuchiri kutorwa sehunyanzvi hwekuvimbisa, hwatichataura nezvazvo gare gare, asi sisitimu yekuchengetedza nekushandisa gasi rakanyorova ndeyechokwadi uye inogona kuiswa mukuita muindasitiri yemotokari mumakore mashoma anotevera.
Panguva imwecheteyo, gasi rechisikirwo rinotonhorera kune tembiricha -161 madhigirii uye rinodzikama pakamanikidzwa kwe6-10 bar, uku ichipinda muchikamu chemvura. Iyo dura yakanyanyisa kuumbika uye yakareruka kana ichienzaniswa neakadzvanywa gasi masirinda uye ingangoita cryogenic thermos yakagadzirwa neakanyanya-kudzivirira zvinhu. Kutenda tekinoroji yazvino yeLinde, kunyangwe paine matete akapfava uye akareruka matangi matangi, emvura methane inogona kuchengetwa mudunhu rino kwemavhiki maviri pasina matambudziko, kunyangwe munguva inopisa uye pasina chinodiwa chefiriji. Yekutanga LNG yekuzadza chiteshi, mukuvakwa kwayo iyo € 400 yakaiswa mari, iri kutoshanda muMunich.
Maitiro ekupisa emagetsi gasious injini
Sezvatotaurwa, gasi rechisikigo rine kunyanya methane, uye liquefied petroleum gasi - propane uye butane muzvikamu zvinoenderana nemwaka. Sezvo huremu hwemamorekuru huchiwedzera, kugogodza kuramba kweparafini (yakatwasuka-cheni) hydrocarbon makomisheni akadai semethane, ethane, uye propane inoderera, mamorekuru anotsemuka zviri nyore, uye mamwe peroxides anoungana. Saka, injini dzedhiziri dzinoshandisa mafuta edhiziri pane peturu, sezvo tembiricha ye autoignition yakaderera mune yekare kesi.
Methane ine yakanyanya hydrogen / kabhoni chiyero cheayo ese mahydrocarbon, ayo mukuita zvinoreva kuti kune huremu hwakaenzana, methane ine simba rakakosha kwazvo pakati pemahydrocarbon. Tsananguro yeichi chokwadi yakaoma uye inoda rumwe ruzivo rwemakemikari uye simba rehukama, saka hatizobate neizvi. Zvakaringana kutaura kuti yakagadzikana methane molecule inopa octane nhamba ingangoita zana nemakumi matatu.
Nechikonzero ichi, mwero wekutsva wemethane wakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo wepeturu, mamorekuru madiki anotendera methane kuti ipise zvakanyanya, uye mamiriro ayo ane gasi anotungamira mukudonha kushoma kwemafuta kubva kumasirinda masvingo mumainjini anotonhora achienzaniswa nemusanganiswa wepeturu. ... Propane, zvakare, ine octane chiyero che112, iyo ichiri yakakwira kupfuura akawanda peturu. Yakashata propane-mweya misanganiswa inopisa pakadzika tembiricha pane peturu, asi zvakapfuma zvinogona kutungamira kune yakanyanya kupisa yeinjini, nekuti propane haina inotonhorera peturu nekuda kwekupinda kwayo mumasirinda mune gaseous fomu.
Dambudziko iri rakatogadziriswa nekushandiswa kwemaitiro ane jekiseni rakananga remvura propane. Nekuti propane inonyungudika zviri nyore, zviri nyore kuvaka sisitimu yekuichengeta mumotokari, uye hapana chikonzero chekupisa iyo inopinza manifolds nekuti propane haina kunyura sezvinoita peturu. Izvi zvinobva zvanatsiridza kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini, uko kwakachengeteka kushandisa ma thermostats anochengetedza tembiricha yakaderera. Chinhu chimwe chete chakakanganisika chemafuta ane gasi inyaya yekuti methane kana propane haina mafuta ekuzora pamavharuvhu emhepo, saka nyanzvi dzinoti "mafuta akaoma" akanakira mhete dzepiston asi zvakaipa kumavharuvhu. Iwe haugone kuvimba nemagasi kuendesa akawanda ezvinowedzera kumasilinda einjini, asi injini dzinomhanya pamafuta aya hadzidi zvinowedzera sezvinjini zvepeturu. Kudzora musanganiswa chinhu chakakosha muinjini dzegasi, sezvo misanganiswa yakapfuma ichikonzera kupisa kwegasi uye kuwandisa kwevharuvhu, nepo musanganiswa usina kunaka unogadzira dambudziko nekudzikisira mwero watove wakadzikira, izvo zvakare zvinodiwa pakuremerwa kwevharuvhu. . The compression reshiyo mune propane injini anogona nyore kuwedzera maviri kana matatu mayunitsi, uye methane - kunyange zvakawanda. Kuwedzera kunokonzeresa kwenitrogen oxides kunodzikiswa nekushomeka kwekubuda kwese. Iyo yakakwana propane musanganiswa ishoma "yakashata" - 15,5: 1 (mhepo kuhuni) maringe ne14,7: 1 yepeturu, uye izvi zvinotariswa pakugadzira evaporators, metering zvishandiso kana jekiseni masisitimu. Nekuti ese ari maviri propane uye methane magasi, injini hadzidi kupfumisa musanganiswa panguva yekutonhora kunotanga kana kukurumidza.
Ignition overtake angle inoverengerwa pane rakasiyana curve pane peturu injini - pakadzika rpm, kupisa kwemoto kunofanirwa kunge kwakakwira nekuda kwekunonoka kupisa kwemethane uye propane, asi nekumhanya kwakanyanya, injini dzepeturu dzinoda kuwedzera kuwedzera. musanganiswa (chiyero chekupisa kwepeturu chinoderedzwa nekuda kwechinguva chidiki che pre-flame reactions - ndiko kuti, kuumbwa kweperoxides). Ndokusaka magetsi emagetsi ekudzora masisitimu einjini egasi ane algorithm yakasiyana zvachose.
Methane nepropane zvinowedzerawo zvinodiwa pahigh voltage spark plug electrodes - musanganiswa "wakaoma" "wakaoma" kubaya pane spark nekuti ielectrolyte isingaite conductive. Naizvozvo, chinhambwe chiri pakati pema electrode e spark plugs akakodzera mainjini akadaro anowanzo siyana, voltage yakakwira, uye kazhinji nyaya ye spark plugs yakaoma uye yakavanzika kupfuura yeinjini dzepeturu. Lambda probes anoshandiswa mumajini emazuva ano egasi kune yakanyanya kusanganiswa dosing maererano nemhando. Kuve nemasisitimu ekudzimisa pamakona maviri akapatsanurwa kwakakosha kumota dzine bivalent masisitimu (yegasi rechisikigo uye peturu), sezvo sparse network yenzvimbo dzekuzadza gasi dzinowanzoda kushandiswa kwekumanikidza kwepeturu.
The optimum compression ratio yegasi rechisikigo inenge 16: 1, uye iyo yakakodzera air-mafuta reshiyo i16,5: 1. icharasikirwa ne15% yesimba rayo rinogona kuita. Paunenge uchishandisa gasi rechisikigo, huwandu hwekabhoni monoxide (CO) nemahydrocarbon (HC) mumagasi emhepo hunodzikiswa ne90%, uye nitrogen oxides (NOx) ne70% kana zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa injini yepeturu. Nguva yekuchinja oiri yeinjini dzegasi inowanzopetwa kaviri.
Gasi-dhiziri
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, maviri-peturu mafuta ekufambisa masystem ave kuwedzera kufarirwa. Ini ndinokurumidza kucherechedza kuti hatisi kutaura nezve "bivalent" injini dzinomhanya zvakasiyana pane gasi kana peturu uye iine spark plugs, asi nezve akasarudzika dhiziri-gasi masisitimu mune chikamu chemafuta edhiziri chinotsiviwa negasi rechisimba rinopihwa neakasiyana magetsi system. Iyi tekinoroji yakavakirwa pane zvakajairwa dhiziri injini.
Nheyo yekushanda inobva pakuti methane ine self-ignition tembiricha inopfuura 600 degrees - i.e. pamusoro pekupisa kweanenge 400-500 madhigirii pakupera kweiyo dizeli injini yekumanikidza kutenderera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti musanganiswa wemethane-mhepo haubatike woga kana wakatsikirirwa mumasirinda, uye mafuta edhiziri akaiswa jekiseni, anobatidza kusvika madhigirii mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu, anoshandiswa senge spark plug. Iyo sisitimu inogona kumhanya zvachose pamethane, asi mune iyi kesi zvingave zvakafanira kuisa system yemagetsi uye spark plug. Kazhinji chikamu chemethane chinowedzera nemutoro, pakusaita basa mota inomhanya padhiziri, uye pakuremerwa kwemethane/dhiziri inosvika 350/9. Izvi zvikamu zvinogonawo kuchinjwa maererano nepurogiramu yekutanga.
Mamwe makambani anogadzira injini dzedhiziri neinonzi. "Micropilot" masimba emagetsi, umo basa redhiziri rinogumira kune jekiseni remafuta mashoma anodiwa chete kupisa methane. Naizvozvo, injini idzi hadzigone kushanda dzakazvimirira padhiziri uye dzinowanzo shandiswa mumotokari dzeindasitiri, mota, mabhazi uye zvikepe, uko kunodhura-zvekushandisa kunoruramiswa mune zvehupfumi - mushure mekupfeka kwayo, izvi zvinotungamira kune yakakosha kuchengetedza, hupenyu hweinjini. kunowedzera zvakanyanya, uye kubuda kwemagasi anokuvadza kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Michina yeMicropilot inogona kushanda pane ese akanyungudutswa uye akamanikidzwa gasi rechisikigo.
Mhando dzemaitiro anoshandiswa pakuwedzera kumisikidza
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi dzinopa gasi rinoramba richikura. Pamwechete, zvipenyu zvinogona kugoverwa mumhando dzinoverengeka. Kana propane uye methane zvashandiswa, izvi zvinosanganiswa zvemuchadenga kumanikidza masystem, gasi chikamu jekiseni masystem, uye emvura chikamu jekiseni masystem. Kubva pane yehunyanzvi yekutarisa, propane-butane jekiseni masystem anogona kukamurwa muzvizvarwa zvinoverengeka:
Chizvarwa chekutanga masisitimu asina kutonga kwemagetsi, umo gasi rinosanganiswa mumusanganisi nyore. Aya anowanzo kuve akashongedzerwa neinjini dzekare carburetor.
Chizvarwa chechipiri ijekiseni rine muromo mumwe, analog lambda probe uye nzira nhatu-catalyst.
Chizvarwa chechitatu ijekiseni rine imwe kana kupfuura nozzles (rimwe pacylinder), ine microprocessor control uye kuvapo kwezvose zviri zviviri chirongwa chekuzvidzidza uye tafura yekodhi yekuzviongorora.
Chizvarwa chechina is sequential (cylindrical) jekiseni zvichienderana nenzvimbo yepiston, nehuwandu hwemanozzles akaenzana nenhamba yemasilinda, uye nemhinduro kuburikidza nelambda probe.
Chizvarwa chechishanu - multi-point sequential jekiseni nemhinduro uye kutaurirana ne microprocessor kudzora jekiseni repeturu.
Mune masisitimu echizvino-zvino, komputa ye "gasi" inoshandisa zvizere data kubva kune main microprocessor kudzora ma paramita einjini yepeturu, kusanganisira jekiseni nguva. Kufambiswa kwedata uye kutonga kwakabatana zvizere nechirongwa chikuru chepeturu, chinodzivirira kudiwa kwekugadzira mepu yese yeXNUMXD gasi jekiseni yemota yega yega modhi - mudziyo wakangwara unongoverenga zvirongwa kubva kune peturu processor. uye anoachinja kuti ave jekiseni regasi.
