American booty

V 80 mudunhu reHel, panguva yekuyedzwa neinjini yeturbine nainjiniya Walther muna 1942. Iyo camouflage uye kuenzana kwenzvimbo diki yepamusoro inoonekwa.

Munguva yehondo, zvikepe zvese zvehondo zvakawana kukurumidza kukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro, kunze kwezvikepe zvepasi pemvura, izvo muganho wakaramba uine mafundo gumi nemanomwe pamusoro uye 17 mapfundo pasi pemvura - nekufamba kwenguva yakaganhurirwa nebhatiri kugona kusvika paawa nehafu kana pasi kana. Kare, mabhatiri akanga asingachaji zvizere pakunyura.

Kubva pakutanga kwe30s, injiniya weGermany. Helmut Walter. Pfungwa yake yaive yekugadzira yakavharwa (isina kuwana mhepo yemuchadenga) kupisa injini uchishandisa mafuta edhiziri sechitubu chesimba uye chiutsi chinotenderera turbine. Sezvo kupihwa kweokisijeni kuri chinhu chinodiwa pakupisa, Walter akafungidzira kushandiswa kwehydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ine huwandu hunopfuura 80%, inonzi perhydrol, senzvimbo yayo mukamuri yakavharwa inopisa. Chinhu chaidiwa chekugadzirisa maitiro chaifanira kuva sodium kana calcium permanganate.

Kutsvakurudza kunowedzera nokukurumidza

Chikunguru 1, 1935 - apo ngarava mbiri dzeKiel dzeDeutsche Werke AG neKrupp dzakanga dzichivaka zvikamu gumi nezvisere zvezvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zvezvikepe zvegungwa (mhando II A uye II B) yekukurumidza kudzoka U-Bootwaffe - Walter Germaniawerft AG, iyo makore akati wandei akabatanidzwa mukugadzira chikepe chepasi pemvura inokurumidza ine yakazvimirira mhepo traffic, yakarongeka muKiel "Ingenieurbüro Hellmuth Walter GmbH", ichihaya mushandi mumwe. Gore rakatevera, akavamba kambani itsva, "Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft" (HWK), akatenga basa rekare regasi ndokurishandura kuva nzvimbo yekuedza, richishandisa vanhu mazana matatu. Pakazosvika 18/300, chirimwa ichi chakawedzerwa kuti chibatanidze nzvimbo iri paKaiser Wilhelm Canal, seKiel Canal (German: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal) yakadanwa pamberi pe1939, basa rakawedzera kusvika kune vanhu 40, uye. tsvakurudzo yakawedzerwa kune kutyaira kwendege uye mauto epasi.

Mugore rimwe chetero, Walther akatanga chirimwa chekugadzirwa kweinjini dzetorpedo muAhrensburg pedyo neHamburg, uye gore rakatevera, muna 1941, muEberswalde pedyo neBerlin, chirimwa cheinjini dzendege; Zvadaro simiti yakaendeswa kuBavorov (yaimbova Beerberg) pedyo neLyuban. Muna 1944, fekitori yeroketi injini yakavambwa muHartmannsdorf. Muna 1940, iyo TVA torpedo test centre (TorpedoVerssuchsanstalt) yakaendeswa kuHel uye chikamu kuBosau paGroßer Plehner lake (kumabvazuva kweSchleswig-Holstein). Kusvikira pakupera kwehondo, vanhu vanenge 5000 300 vaishanda pamafekitari aWalter, kusanganisira mainjiniya anenge XNUMX. Ichi chinyorwa chiri pamusoro pezvirongwa zvepasi pemvura.

Panguva iyoyo, yakaderera hydrogen peroxide, inosvika mashoma muzana, yakashandiswa mumaindasitiri ezvekuzora, machira, emakemikari uye ekurapa, uye kuwana yakanyanya kunyura (inopfuura 80%), inobatsira pakutsvaga kwaWalter, raive dambudziko guru kune vanogadzira. . Yakanyanya kunyura hydrogen peroxide pachayo yakashanda panguva iyoyo muGermany pasi pemazita akati wandei: T-Stoff (Treibshtoff), Aurol, Auxilin neIngolin, uye semvura isina ruvara yakadhayiwa yero kuti ivhare.

Nheyo yekushanda kwe "inotonhora" turbine

The kuora perhydrol kupinda okisijeni uye mvura mhute kwakaitika pashure kusangana ane catalyst - sodium kana karusiyamu permanganate - mune Stainless simbi kuora mukamuri (perhydrol yaiva ngozi, kemikari hasha mvura, yakakonzera oxidation yakasimba simbi uye akaratidza inokosha reactivity). nemafuta). Muzvikepe zvekuyedza, perhydrol yakaiswa mumabunkers akavhurika pasi pehull yakaoma, mumabhegi akagadzirwa nerubha-senge mipolam zvinhu. Mabhegi akaiswa pasi pekunze kwemvura yegungwa kumanikidza iyo perhydrol kupinda mupombi yekumanikidza kuburikidza nevhavha yekutarisa. Nekuda kwemhinduro iyi, pakanga pasina tsaona huru neperhydrol panguva yekuedzwa. Pombi inofambiswa nemagetsi yakadyisa iyo perhydrol kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekudzora kupinda mukamuri yekuora. Mushure mekusangana nekagadziriso, iyo perhydrol yakaora ikava musanganiswa weokisijeni uye mhute yemvura, iyo yaiperekedzwa nekuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kune imwe nguva kukosha kwe30 bar uye tembiricha inosvika 600 ° C. Pakumanikidzwa uku, musanganiswa wemhute yemvura wakamisa turbine, uyezve, yakanyunguduka mucondenser, yakapukunyuka ichienda kunze, ichibatanidza nemvura yegungwa, nepo okisijeni yakaita kuti mvura ipure zvishoma. Kuwedzera kudzika kwekunyudzwa kwakawedzera kupikisa kubuda kwemhepo kubva parutivi rwechikepe uye, nokudaro, kuderedza simba rakagadzirwa ne turbine.

Nheyo yekushanda kwe "hot" turbine

Chishandiso ichi chaive chakaomarara zvakanyanya, kusanganisira. zvaive zvakafanira kushandisa pombi yakanyatsogadziriswa katatu kuti panguva imwe chete ipe perhydrol, mafuta edhiziri nemvura (mafuta ekugadzira anonzi "decalin" akashandiswa panzvimbo yemafuta edhiziri). Kuseri kwekamuri yekuora kune kamuri yekupisa yeporcelain. "Decalin" yakaiswa mumusanganiswa wemhepo uye oksijeni, patembiricha inosvika 600 ° C, ichipinda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwayo kubva mukamuri yekuora ichipinda mukamuri rinopisa, zvichikonzera kukwira kwekushisa kusvika 2000-2500 ° C. Mvura inopisa yakaiswawo mukamuri yemvura bhachi-yakatonhodzwa inopisa, kuwedzera huwandu hwemhute yemvura uye kuwedzera kuderera kwekushisa kwemagasi emhepo (85% mvura mhute uye 15% carbon dioxide) kusvika 600 ° C. Musanganiswa uyu, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe30 bar, wakamisa turbine mukufamba, ndokuzokandwa kunze kwemuviri wakaoma. Mvura yemvura yakasanganiswa nemvura yegungwa, uye dhiyobhorosi yakanyungudutswa mairi kare pakunyudzwa kwakadzika kwemamita 40. Sezvakaita "inotonhora" turbine, kuwedzera kwekunyudza kwakadzika kwakakonzera kudonha kwesimba re turbine. Iyo screw yaifambiswa negiya bhokisi rine giya reshiyo ye20: 1. Perhydrol kushandiswa kwe "hot" turbine yakaderera zvakapetwa katatu pane "inotonhora" imwe.

Muna 1936, Walther akaungana muhoro yakashama yenzvimbo yezvikepe "Germany" yekutanga yakamira "inopisa" turbine, inoshanda yakazvimiririra yekuwana mhepo yemuchadenga, yakagadzirirwa kukurumidza kufamba kwepasi pemvura kwezvikepe zvepasi pemvura, zvine simba re4000 hp. (inenge 2940 kW).