Akisi / kuturika zvivakwa: MacPherson strut, torsion bar, multi-link ...

Iyo mota inoshanda sei> Akisi / kuturika zvivakwa: MacPherson strut, torsion bar, multi-link ...

Nzira dzekubata nekumisa kutsauswa kwakasiyana-siyana uye kwakasiyana-siyana, uye hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kufamba navo ... Saka, ngatiedzei kujekesa mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira nekunyora nzira dzakasiyana uye teknolojia iripo.

McPherson type

Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pachitima. pamberi yemotokari dzedu, asi inogonawo kushandiswa kumashure. Izvi zvinoonekwa serudzi rwekuzvimiririra damping, kusiyana neakisi yakasimba kana semi-rigid axle (vhiri rimwe nerimwe rine sitiroko inokanganisa zviri kune rumwe rutivi rwemotokari).

Zvinosanganisira ruoko, anti-roll bhaa и gumbo rakasimba ndiani akasimbiswa chikamu chezasi chekuvhunduka... Inogona kutsanangurwa se monobras sezvo kazhinji panongova neruoko rumwe chete (katatu kana tsvimbo). Asi inogona kugadzirwa nemaoko maviri kugadzira katatu. Maitiro anounza pamwechete zvinobudirira et zvine mwero mutengoasingakanganwi zvaanotora nzvimbo shoma.

Iyi sisitimu inosunungura nzvimbo yakawanda, inova mukana kune mota dzakachinjika-injini dzinotora hupamhi hwakawanda.

Kana iyo kumiswa ikakundikana, iyo camber angle inova isina kunaka, inova mukana kana uchikona. Nekudaro, iyi sisitimu inodzikamisa zvakanyanya kugona kugadzirisa geometry. Nokudaro, hachisi chinhu chichasarudzwa nokuda kwekushanda kwepamusoro, kunyange kana mamwe mavhezheni epamusoro echirongwa ichi aripo (ona pazasi). Mubatanidzwa weorenji unoratidza kubatana kwebhora pakati peruoko (blue) uye hub (grey).

Musiyano pakati MacPherson naNick MacPherson

Musiyano uri nyore, McPherson anoshandisa ruoko "muyero"Nepo pseudo McPherson achishandisa ruoko rwake mukati chimiro chekatatu... Kugona

zita remadunhurirwa

MacPherson, inova inonyanya kufarirwa (tsime, kwese kwese, kunyangwe). Ziva kuti Macpherson anonyatsoda anti-roll bar (apa yakabatana neruoko rwekusimudza, kwete kune strut rocket) kufambisa pamberi ekisheni kureba uye nekumashure. Kana tangova nezvitima zviviri zvakazvimiririra pane imwe axle, tinoda anti-roll bar, iyo inopa chinongedzo pakati pezviviri zvekupedzisira.

Heino pseudo-MacPherson, nekuti ruoko ruri mugonyo. Kana iine bhawa rimwe chete, yaizove MacPherson zvachose.

Pakati "bar" ndiyo cardan shaft (inotumira simba rekufambisa kumavhiri). Rubber chivharo chegimbal chine mafuta. Pano, iyo anti-roll bar yakabatana neruwoko rwekumiswa.

Mhando dzinoverengeka dzepseudo-MacPherson tambo?

Pivot system?

Kune akawanda kana mashoma epamberi-ekupedzisira madhizaini anoshandisa iyo MacPherson maitiro. Kune matanda ane simba zvakanyanya, isu tinoshandisa yakazvimirira dhiraivha, iyo inosanganisira kuvandudza vhiri dhiraivha (bhora rekubatanidza pane lever / triangle inobvumira kutendeuka kuruboshwe kana kurudyi). Izvi zvinodzikamisa torque mhedzisiro, kureva kuti chidhiraivho chinokwevera kune rimwe divi panguva yakaoma yekumhanyisa. Mukubatana neyakaganhurirwa kutsvedza kusiyanisa, izvi zvinobvumira vamwe kudhonza-kumusoro kuti vaswedere kune emagetsi zvidyarwa maererano nekubudirira. Nokudaro, inovabvumira kuisa simba rakawanda pasi pehood. Nekuti kana axle yekumberi ichifanirwa kudzora kutungamira, huremu hweinjini uye kudhonza, inoda kuvandudzwa.

Ruoko rudzi?

Iyi ndiyo MacPherson strut BMW 3 Series E90. Ndatambura kuenzanisa mitsetse yebhuruu nemaoko, sezvo ake ekupedzisira ari akakombama. Uye zvakare, iyo kona yepikicha yakanga isiri yakakwana yekujekesa sisitimu. Ziva kuti ekisero yekumberi haina huremu nekuti hapana propeller shaft mune yemagetsi chirimwa.

Semi-rigid axle ine torsion bar

(Kumashure chete pamotokari dzepakati-kati: 90s)

Kana ino sisitimu yaivapo kumberi ekiseri munguva yakapfuura, kubva kuma80 / 90s yaive yakaringana kusevha ekisero yekumashure. Uku kumiswa kwakazvimiririra kana paine maviri torsion mabara (kana pamwe imwe chete), kusiyana nehafu-yakaomarara kana zana muzana regid axle. Iyo ihurongwa hwehupfumi, asi kuvandudzwa kwayo saka kune mashoma uye inogona kuwanikwa pamotokari zhinji dzehupfumi dzakadai se100, 90, nezvimwe zve106s.

Zvichida zvinokatyamadza vamwe, asi neichi chishandiso kuturika kwakapihwa kune yakatwasuka simbi tsvimbo, semuenzaniso, ini ... Uye hongu, kwete tsime, asi tsvimbo (kazhinji seti mbiri) iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza mota mumhepo . (Naizvozvo imbomira) uye nekudaro inotsiva chitubu. Nekudaro, inoda chinoshamisira yekubata kudzora kutasva uye kudzivirira kudzokorodza. Ichi ndicho chikonzero, uchitarisa pasi pegumi nematanhatu, iwe unongoona chete (piston-yakaita) yekuvhundutsa absorber isina chitubu.

Kubatsira kweiyi sisitimu ndeyekuti zvese zviri zviviri zvine hupfumi, kwete zvinorema (zvinosiya nzvimbo yakawanda yekugara uye trunk) uye zviri nyore, kunyangwe iri "pedigree", isingabatsiri zvakanyanya kupfuura yakawanda-link (asi inorema!).

Iri ndiro bhawa rebhuruu rinoshanda senzvimbo. Zvechokwadi, yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune pfungwa 1 uye 2. 1 ndiyo lever (girini "yakatambanudzwa lever") inobata gumbo, uye 2 ndiyo chassis yemotokari. Kureba kwakashata (kungofanana nekupukuta nemucheka wakanyorova) uye saka inotsiva chitubu.

Kune maviri torsion mabara (orenji). Imwe inobata neruoko rwerudyi uye imwe neruboshwe. Chimwe nechimwe chakareba chisina kunaka. Ndapota cherechedza kuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira iyi system, saka inogona kunge yakasiyana (kunyanya torsion bars) kubva kumotokari kuenda kumotokari. Ichi chishandiso chinogona zvakare kukonzera vhiribase rakasiyana pakati pekuruboshwe nekurudyi.

Uye hezvino zvazvinoita muhupenyu chaihwo (Peugeot 106): Bhawa rekutapudza rinomisa mota mumhepo uye chinokatyamadza chinomisa nhanho yekumhanya kudzivirira chitubu / rebound mhedzisiro inogona kuuraya maitiro emotokari.

Semi-yakaoma H-axis ine helical chitubu

(inonyanya kufarirwa transverse mota drive system)

Iyo mhando yeH-axis inosanganisa zvinobatana magiya ekuruboshwe nekurudyi (senge mawoko maviri akatambanudzwa akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe kubatana. Nekudaro, inoita seyesero yakaomarara, asi tsvimbo inobatanidza maviri axle shafts inochinjika kuitira kuti kutenderera kwemavhiri ari pamativi ese kusava nesimba rakawanda kune mumwe nemumwe (nekudaro haina kutsamira kana kuzvimiririra, asi. semiaxis). -yakaoma kana hafu-yakazvimirira).

Saka isu tinoda chitubu pano nekuti hatichashandise toni yemabharoni kumisa mota mudenga sezvatakaona neiyo torsion bar yatakaona kare. Ndiwo mudziyo unonyanya kufarirwa muFrance (nekuti unonyanya kushandiswa kusunda) uye unotsiva yekare torsion bar system.

Pane dzimwe mota, iyo yekupinda-level inopihwa ine semi-yakaomarara rear axle, nepo iyo yakanyanya upscale trim inoshumirwa ine akawanda-link kumiswa.

Pano (Gorofu 4), kuwedzera kune torsion bar, kune helical spring. Saka, torsion mabara haasi iwo ega "anotora" uremu (iyi ndiyo mamiriro emota dzakawanda dzakabatanidzwa).

sei kumiswa kumashure, ekisero, chitubu, yekuvhundutsa absorber uye rakakungwa vhiri basa)

Pano kumusoro kune yekupinda-level Gorofu rear axle ine torsion bar (iyo hombe nhema yemuchinjikwa nhengo inosanganisira torsion bar) + coil zvitubu zvekumiswa uye pakupedzisira damper piston yekunyorovesa Saka ... -link kune yakanyanya simba shanduro

Kaviri katatu

(Kumberi kana kumashure, iyi ndiyo yakasarudzika system iripo ... Hapana zvirinani!)

Heino Jaguar F-Pace's double wishbone.

Iyi sisitimu yakati fananei neMacPherson, asi panguva ino inoshandisa matatu matatu. Inowanzo kupihwa pamotokari dzemhando yepamusoro. Iyo yekuvhundutsa inobata ikozvino yakanamatira kwete kune vhiri hub, asi kune yakaderera katatu (yakaderera). Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushanda system sezvo inoshandiswa mumakwikwi. Mukana uyu kugona kuve nekugadzirisa kwakawanda munzira yekuvaka, iyo inobatsira, saka mukukwikwidza, sezvo zvido zvichisiyana kubva padunhu kuenda kune rimwe. Asi ramba uchifunga kuti iyi sisitimu haisi yekumhanya chete, uye kuti inoshandiswa pane dzimwe mota nemunhu wese. Tinogona kutaura nezvemaporiyamu, sezvo kune akawanda matatu matatu (rimwe fudzi = katatu), asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti mumutauro, zvisinei, mapolyarms ehutatu katatu anosiyaniswa. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti zvinotora nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura mamwe maitiro, ayo anowanzoderedza nzvimbo yebhoti uye anovhiringidza mberi-mavhiri ekufambisa (injini inotora nzvimbo yakawanda).

Ziva kuti kune zvakare chibatiso chekubatanidza tsvimbo (iyo inodzivirira mavhiri kubva mukufanana) uye anti-roll bar iyo ikanyanya kana kushoma kuchinjika zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvigadziriso.

Ziva kuti dhayagiramu hariratidze tsvimbo yekusungirira (kana kutungamira kana iri kumberi) kana anti-roll bar. Pakupedzisira, sekune mifananidzo yese iri papeji ino, nzvimbo (uye chimiro) yemabhomu uye majoini ebhora anogona kusiyana kubva kune imwe mota kuenda kune inotevera.

Heino Ferrari 360 Modena kaviri wishbone. Zvirinani iyo sisitimu inonzwisisika ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvitima zvakaomarara (akati wandei levers ane akasiyana maumbirwo).

Heino mufananidzo uri nyore kunzwisisa. Pano tinoona kuti iyi ndiyo ekisero yekumberi sezvatinoona chinongedzo chekufambisa.

Multibras

(Kumberi kana kumashure, asi kazhinji tiri kutaura nezvekumiswa kwema-multi-link kuti titaure nezve ekisero yekumashure. Mutezo wemberi unowanzonzi virtual / offset double triangle).

Iyo sisitimu yakafanana chaizvo nekaviri wishbone, iyo inobvumidza kuita zvirinani mashandiro (zvichienzaniswa ne torsion ekisero) nekuda kweiyo chaiyo uye yakajeka chassis kutonga. Kazhinji, izvi zvinosanganisira kubatanidza vhiri nemaoko akawanda (4 kana 5) pane maviri matatu matatu kuti uwedzere saizi yehurongwa (makona matatu akazara anotora nzvimbo yakawanda!). Ziva kuti kutaridzika kwavo hakusisina hazvo chimiro chaicho, vanoita senge "isina musoro" vhezheni yavo yemamwe maBhaibheri, asi mamwe haacharatidzike kunge mativi matatu. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagadzirirwo zvakakura kwazvo uye zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa zvakanyanya kuti musimboti wakavakirwa pakushandiswa kweakawanda marevhisi (ayo anogona zvakare kunzi anobatanidza tsvimbo kana, muchidimbu, "simbi simbi") yakamisikidzwa mune zvese. vana ou zvishanu (kazhinji 5 yeekisero yekumashure uye 4 yeekisero yekumberi). Zvizhinji zvadzo zvakachinjika, uye imwe (inogoneka yechishanu) irefu, munzira imwechete semota, ndiko kuti, parallel. Inobva yaonekwa se ruoko rwakatambanudzwa.

Ziva kuti kune zvakare chibatiso chekubatanidza tsvimbo (iyo inodzivirira mavhiri kubva mukufanana) uye anti-roll bar iyo ikanyanya kana kushoma kuchinjika zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvigadziriso.

Chimwe chakakanganisika ndechekuti mhando iyi yehurongwa yakaoma kugadzira kunyangwe kune mainjiniya ane ruzivo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dzimwe mota dzine multi-link inotungamira dzinogona kuodza moyo vatyairi vanotarisira zvakawanda. Pasinei nezvose, rubatsiro rwekombuta runofambisa zvikuru basa remainjiniya, avo vanogona kuzotarisa zvavanenge vawana pachiratidziri, pasina kuita bvunzo panjanji.

"Ruwoko rwechishanu" rwechishanu (urwu ndirwo "ruoko rwakatambanudzwa") kazhinji rwuripo paekisero yekumashure, asi haruoneki kumberi. Izvi zvinodzivirira kumashure kwemota kuti isasimudzwe zvakanyanyisa panguva yakaoma mabhureki. Zvakare, nzvimbo, chimiro chezvivharo, uye nzvimbo yejojo ​​dzebhora dzinosiyana kubva kune imwe motokari kuenda kune inotevera (kana kuti, kubva kune imwe injini kuenda kune imwe). Iri ndiro dhayagiramu rakarerutswa rinopfupisa kuti rinoshanda sei.

Pano pamucheto wekumberi, hapana chakajairika ruoko rwechishanu rwekutevera rweakawanda-link kumashure axle. Ndokumbira utarise kuti izvi kaviri katatu inosanganisira maoko mazhinji. Iyo yekumusoro yegonyo inoumbwa nemitsetse miviri, uye yezasi nebhuroko, miseve mitema inoratidza zvinhu izvi. Isu tinoona rudzi urwu rwekuvaka paA4 nePeugeot 407, zvichiratidza kuti shumbakadzi yaive nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi!

Imwe maonero ekunyatsonzwisisa essence

Mutezo wakaomarara / musero wakaoma

Rustic system inodzikamisa kugarika uye kubata mugwagwa haingaite kuti ingambove nemota ine rudzi urwu rweekisi.

Yekupedzisira inobatanidza mavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi nedanda rakaomarara (ekisero rekumashure chete). Naizvozvo, kana vhiri rekuruboshwe rarova bump, rinokanganisawo vhiri rekurudyi. Vanowanzobatanidzwa! Iyi gadziriro inoshandiswa pane dzimwe hombe dzeXNUMXxXNUMX mota, kusanganisira mapikicha. Saka, haisi yakazvimirira yekumisa hurongwa.

Kune marudzi maviri: esero yakaomarara uye isiri kutyaira yakaomarara esero (hapana yakavakirwa-mukati kutapurirana kutyaira mavhiri ekumashure).

Parallel Watt

Hazvina kunyanya kuwanda, iyi yekumashure axle system yakaita senge musanganiswa weakisi yakasimba uye chishuwo. Zvakanakisa kana iwe pachako uchiona mifananidzo iri muvhidhiyo pazasi.

Opel Astra 2009: zvakavanzika zvechitima chayo ... pane mafoni-auto

Wese makomendi uye maitiro

ekupedzisira komenda yakatumirwa:

Fab's (Zuva: 2021, 01:25:06)

Mhoroi, ndinoda kuziva kana paine zvitima zvetoyota zvekumashure zvinopindirana zvekutsiva zvimwe zvitima pa peugeot 206 ... ndatenda

Il J. 8 reaction (s) kune ichi chirevo:

(Yako posvo ichaonekwa pasi pechinyorwa mushure mekusimbiswa)

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