Test drive Audi 100 LS, Mercedes 230, NSU Ro 80: revolution uye basa

Vatatu vane simba vana vekushushikana kwa1968, vachimhanyira kumusoro.

Vakacheka hukama nechisimba nesangano ravo - nyeredzi-silinda matanhatu pachinzvimbo chedhiziri yerustic, avant-garde limousine pachinzvimbo chePrinz diki, kirasi yekunyaradza yemitambo pachinzvimbo chemumwe muzukuru mumhuri ine twuviri. Revolution, sezvamunoziva, inotanga mumugwagwa.

Akanga ari mupanduki, mwana chaiye wemakore 68, chiratidzo chekusateerera kwevanhu. Chimiro chake chakareruka chinoyevedza chine chiyero chakanaka uye chakatwasuka chireruka cheItaly chakakunda technocrat kubva kuchamhembe. “Mota yakanaka, mota yakanaka kwazvo,” akadaro murume muhombe, akanga akaomerwa, achiita seabatwa nehope, achifamba zvishoma nezvishoma achipoterera chikero cheplasticine che1:1 chakavigwa kuseri kweketeni.

Audi 100: mwana asingadiwe

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, CEO weVW, Heinrich Nordhof, aida kupedzisa kugadzirwa kwemhando diki yeAudi (60 - Super 90) ine inonzi injini yepakati-kudzvanya kuitira kushandura Ingolstadt-based Auto Union, yakawanikwa muna 1965 naDaimler- Benz, mupurazi rekamba. Kuti uwedzere huwandu hwefekitori yakazungunuswa nedambudziko, mota dzeVolkswagen mazana matatu dzakatenderedza mitsetse yegungano zuva rega rega.

Nezvezvirongwa izvi, Nordhof akarambidza mugadziri mukuru weAudi Ludwig Kraus neboka rake kuita chero mabasa ekugadzira mhando nyowani. Izvi zvakaratidza kusatsungirirwa kune hunhu hwaKraus hwekusika, uye akaramba achishanda muchivande. Mushure mezvose, ndiye murume uyo, kuburikidza nekuvandudza kwakanaka, akashandura DKW F 102 mumotokari yakanga ichiri yakanaka panguva yayo, yekutanga Audi ine ina-cylinder injini. Injini yakaunzwa se "bhegi rekutakurisa" neaimbova mushandirwi wake Daimler-Benz, inorema 1,7-litre bbw codenamed Mexico, iyo, nekuda kweiyo yakakwirira compression reshiyo ye11,2: 1, yaionekwa sechinhu chemuchinjikwa pakati. hafu-peturu. , semi-diesel.

Kuna Kraus, akagadzira miseve yesirivha yeMercedes makore apfuura, dhizaini yemotokari yaive chido chechokwadi. Nekuteterera nemoyo wese, akanyengetedza Nordhof uye mukuru weAudi Leading nezve tarisiro yemota diki-diki inoyevedza yaizozadza musika niche pakati peOpel-Ford neBMW-Mercedes: "Ichave yemitambo, asi panguva imwe chete. yakasununguka, inoyevedza uye yakakura. Nekuwedzera kukwana mune zvakadzama uye nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira Opel kana Ford. Kune matatu mazinga emagetsi nemidziyo kubva pa80 kusvika ku100 hp. Tingatofunga nezve coupe,” akarota mumwe injiniya anofarira zvemichina.

Audi 100 - "Mercedes yevatevedzeri"

Kana iyo mota nyowani huru payakazopemberera kuratidzwa kwayo muna 1969 Geneva Motor Show, vashoma vevatsoropodzi vakataura kuti yaive Mercedes. Moniker ane hukasha "Mercedes weMutevedzeri waMadzishe" akakurumidza kupararira. Ludwig Krauss haana kumboramba kuti aive wechikoro cheStuttgart. Muna 1963, akabatana neAuto Union mushure memakore makumi maviri nematanhatu kuDaimler-Benz uye anga achitotakura muropa rake ese ari maviri maesthetics emota ane nyeredzi nhatu-nongedzo uye zvakajairika kuchengetedza kweMercedes kwese kwese. Nhasi, yekutanga Audi 26 yakagara ichibuda muW 100/114 akateedzana, anowanzozivikanwa seLinear Eight (/ 115). Iyo Delft bhuruu 8 LS, iyo inosanganisirwa mukuenzanisa kwedu, inodada inoratidza hunyanzvi hwayo hwerusununguko. Iyo-yemasuo maviri vhezheni, yakaunzwa mumatsutso 100, inoratidzira hunoshamisa kunaka kwemitsara yayo.

Iyo yerima yakasvibira Mercedes 230 yakamiswa nerunyararo padhuze neiyo Ingolstadt modhi. Inotaridzika kunge yakakura, asi zvakare inopa kusimba kupfuura isina hanya manyorerwo emhando yeAudi, iyo iri zvakare zvakanyanya zvakanyanya aerodynamic. Kune iyo Audi 100, iyo inogadzira inoratidza kuyerera kwekuyerera Cx 0,38; ine yakanyanya kunyanyisa NSU Ro 80 iyi kukosha haisi nani zvakanyanya (0,36).

Chiso cheAudi chine hushamwari, chingangoita kunyemwerera. Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti inopfeka zvindori zvina pakati peiyo radiator grille, mota haibhadhara mutero wakawanda kutsika seyeModedes modhi, inotaridzika kutonhorera uye yakakomba kubva kumativi ese. Akadzika mumweya wake, kumwe kunhu kwehunyoro hweyake matanhatu-humburumbira injini ine ina huru mabheyaringi, iye zvakare anomukira uye anomiririra "chitsva chinangwa" mukugadzira uye kuvaka. Yakanga iri mugore rekuwedzera-paramende yemitambo mumigwagwa muna 1968 apo chimiro ichi chakazopedzisira chakunda paMercedes, kuchitsiva runako rwemberi rwebaroque yemakemini akakwenenzverwa aityisa mazhinji ayo akajairwa.

Revolutionary technical solutions - "chiyero muchikamu chepamusoro chepakati."

Nehunyanzvi, zvakadaro, iyo Audi 100 LS inosunungurwa kubva kuMercedes zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Mberi-vhiri rekutyaira rakafanana nechinyakare cheAuto Union sezvazviri zvine hungwaru nyore torsion bha kuturika pane yekumashure ekisero. Yakasanganiswa nematsime emazuva ano akabatanidzwa pamwe chete nematsime ekubvongodza (akadai seMacPherson strut) kumberi, Kraus nechikwata chake vakagadzira chassis iyo inosanganisa iko kunyaradzwa kwekufamba kwenguva refu kwekumisa pamwe neyakajeka nzira yekubata.

Gare gare, mune yakashandurwa vhezheni ya1974, iyo yekumusoro kusimiswa pamwe coaxial matsime uye kuvhunduka absorbers zvinopa mota kunyange zvemitambo hunhu. Zvinoenderana nemotokari mota und mutambo wekuenzanisa unoitwa mugore rimwe chete, iyo modhi "chiratidzo chechengetedzo yemumugwagwa muchikamu chepakati chepakati".

Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga Audi 100 yepakati kumanikidza injini haitaridzike senge pachayo zvekare. Muna 1973 Delft bhuruu LS, inoshanda zvakaenzana, uye rwiyo rwakadzama, rwakapetwa zvinonakidza runobva kune asina kugadzikana. Nekuderera kunoteedzana kweiyo compression ratio kune 10,2 uye 9,7: 1, iyo yakaoma, isina kurimwa ruzha yakanyangarika.

Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushomeka kwakasimba kwemusanganiswa unoshanda musilinda musoro nekuyambuka, injini inoramba iine hupfumi zvinoenderana nesisitimu yekugadzira uye inovandudza simba rine simba rekumhanyisa kwepakati kubva 2000 rpm. Iyo Volkswagen-yakagadzirwa matatu-inomhanya otomatiki kutapurirana inochengetedza iyo yakasarudzika hunyoro uye yakakwira-inomutsidzira dhiraivha yeina-humburumbira injini ine pamusoro mavhavha uye yepasi camshaft. Nechepachena gasi pombi, inochinja nekunonoka kunonakidza.

"Mutsara-masere" - munyoro anopikisa ane chassis itsva

Iyo inorema uye isingaite 230.6 Automatic yakaoma kutevera chiedza uye agile Audi 100. Yayo huru nhanhatu, iyo mu "Pagoda" (230 SL) inonzwika zvakanyanya, pano nguva dzose inoramba yakadzora uye chinyararire ichizevezera kune yakajairika manzwi eMercedes. Hapana zvemitambo maficha - kunyangwe iri pamusoro camshaft.

Litre simba rechitanhatu-humburumbira injini ine mwero, saka ine hupenyu hwakareba. Injini inowirirana zvakanaka nemota hombe, inorema iyo inofamba mushe uye mushe uye kunyangwe padhorobha pfupi kufamba kunopa mutyairi kunzwa kwekuti anga ari munzira kwenguva yakareba. Rwendo rwese runova rwendo. Uku ndiko kusimba kweiyi 230 inoshongedzwa zvakaipisisa XNUMX, iyo, mukuwedzera kune otomatiki zuva uye yezuva yemagetsi, ine mahwindo epamberi, mahwindo akapendwa uye simba rekutyaira. Kwete chete kuwanda, asiwo hunhu hwekuita hunoshamisa. Chokwadi, iyo mukati meAudi inoburitsa kudziya uye kugadzikana, asi huni hutete hunotaridzika hunotaridzika sehunopfuura sembabvu isina mhaka yemagaro ane mutsindo wakanaka uye velveteen upholstery.

Muchokwadi, iyo W 114 zvakare inodenha, kunyangwe iri munyoro. Panyaya yechassis maitiro uye tekinoroji, iyi ndiyo epitome yenguva nyowani - kuoneka kune oscillating rear axle uye nekusumwa kwakasimba kwema-disc mabhureki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Daimler-Benz haichasaririra kumashure maererano nemafambisirwo emumugwagwa, asi inosvika kune BMW chiyero cheyekureruka-strut rear axle, uko chigunwe-mukati uye vhiri kurerekera zvinogara zviri zvemuenzaniso.

Maitiro akareruka anodzorwa pakona, padhuze neyakaganhurirwa yekuyedza muganho, isina tsika yakapinza yekudyisa, uye nongedzo yakadzikama yekufamba pasi pekuremerwa mabhureki pakumhanya kwakanyanya inoita kuti "Linear Eight" ive nani kupfuura kunyange iyo yaive S-Kirasi. Hapana kana imwe yemafananidziro a1968 emira anomira mumugwagwa wakadzikama, nehuremu hwakarema uye hwakafuta. Idzo mbiri pamberi-vhiri rekutyaira mota anotya kwazvo, asi anowedzeresa.

Ro 80 - muchina ramangwana

Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune bhanana-yero NSU Ro 80, iyo inopfuura vamwe mukubata neiyo yakaoma chassis ine MacPherson strut kumberi kuturika uye yakakomberedzwa kumashure axle. Zvakakosha pano ndiko kureruka kwakaita sechecheche, kukurumidza uye kumhanya kwekona, zvinokurudzirwa neZF yakanangana-nhanho yekufambisa sisitimu ine rack uye pinion. Mabhureki iriwo nhetembo. Neine tarisiro yaro yehunyanzvi, iyo Ro 80 inoyeuchidza iyo Porsche 911. Zvangoitika here kuti mota dzese dziri mbiri dzakapfeka mavhiri eFuchs alloy? Uye iyo yero uye orenji inoenda zvakanaka nezvose?

Asi neruremekedzo rwakafanira, shamwari dzinodiwa dzemotokari yeWankel, isu tinofanirwa kubvuma chokwadi, kunyangwe zvichikurwadza. Mushure mezvose, haisi iyo inoshandura rotary injini asi inoshanda-inoyevedza chimiro uye yakasarudzika chassis ine yakanaka nzira inonzwa izvo zvinoita kuti NSU Ro 80 inzwe kushinga zvakadaro kunyangwe nhasi. Unogona kungoda injini ine simba, kunyanya kana wakambotyaira BMW 2500 kare.Ruzha rwakakwira rwunotiyeuchidza chetatu-humburumbira mbiri-sitiroko. Tinogona kunyaradzwa nenyaya yekuti pasina compact injini, mafomu ekunyanyisa enguva iyoyo angadai asina kugadzirwa zvachose.

Iyo mitatu-yekumhanyisa, semi-otomatiki uye semi-otomatiki kutapurirana inosimbisa yakatsetseka yekutyaira ruzivo nguva dzese. Zvisinei, hazvina kukodzera zvachose kune avo vane shungu dzakakwirira revs, uye vasina simba sedare, injini yeWankel, iyo inova nimble chete nemagiya mashanu.

Ro 80 haifarire traffic muguta rakakura. Kunonoka kukurumidza kwemotokari huru, iyo iyo simba re 115 hp rinoitawo basa pano. haikwanise kunzi yakakwana. Nzvimbo yake ndiyo mugwagwa mukuru, iyo inomhanya yakadzikama uye isina kudengenyeka apo speedometer inoratidza 160. Pano, iyo isina kusimba uye isingaenderani nekutumira Wankel kamwe kamwe inova shamwari inodiwa.

Vatatu vatatu vakasiyana vanoita shamwari

Iyo yakafara nzira uye refu vhiri rinobatsira iyo Ro 80 kugara zvakanaka munzira. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakayananiswa, mota inogutsikana nemalita gumi nemaviri pamakiromita zana, uye injini yakamakidzwa KKM 12 inoimba rwiyo nezve nyika inoshamisa nyowani uye zviri nyore kuomarara kweWankel. Iyo eccentric rotor inotenderera pane trochoid uye, sekunge mashiripiti, inogara ichichinja iyo nzvimbo mukamuri, zvichikonzera kune mana-sitiroko yekufambisa kufamba. Iko hakuna kumusoro uye pasi ejolts ayo anoda kushandurwa kuita rotary kufamba.

Iyo yemukati yeNSU Ro 80 inoratidzira inotonhorera, inenge yakaomesesa mashandiro. Inofanana neavant-garde yemotokari, kunyange zvazvo zvishoma zvishoma zvingave zvichidiwa. Iyo yakasviba upholstery inobva kuAudi 100 GL uye inoramba ichitaridzika yakasimba uye inofadza kune iyo inobata munzvimbo itsva. Asi iyo Ro 80 haisi iyo yemhando yemota yekunyura mukati - inotorwa zvakanyanya. Mercedes 230 yakanaka yaisazokodzera chinangwa ichi.

Pedyo nemoyo wangu ndeyeushamwari Audi 100. Pasina iyi motokari - yakaberekerwa mumarwadzo, nokusingaperi isingatarisirwi uye nechipo chisingarambiki - nhasi Audi ingadai isipo zvachose. Kunze kwekunge zita reumbozha Volkswagen modhi.

TECH DATA

Audi 100 LS (modhi F 104), manuf. 1973 g.

ENGINE Model M ZZ, mvura-yakatonhorera mana-humburumbira mu-mutsara injini, kuyambuka-kuyerera aluminium cylinder musoro, grey kukanda simbi block, crankshaft ine mashanu makuru mabheyaringi, imwe-nzira camshaft (inotyairwa ne duplex cheni), offset mavharuvhu, anosimudza uye rocker actuator , pistons ine concave huma, (Chiron musimboti) kusuduruka 1760 cc (yakabereka x sitiroko 3 x 81,5 mm), 84,4 hp pa100 rpm, max. 5500 Nm torque @ 153 rpm, 3200: 9,7 compression reshiyo, imwe Solex 1/32 TDID maviri-nhanho yakatwasuka yakatenderera kuyerera carburetor, kuvesa coil, 35 L injini yemafuta.

KUSIMBISA SIMBA. Pamberi-vhiri dhiraivha neinjini pamberi pemberi ekisero uye giya bhokisi shure kwayo, ina-inomhanyisa bhuku regearbox (Porsche sync), sarudzo nhatu-inomhanya otomatiki gearbox ine torque converter (inogadzirwa neVW).

MUVIRI UYE KUSIMBISA Kuzvitsigira-kwese-simbi muviri, pamberi ekisero ine coaxially yakabatana zvitubu uye yekuvhundutsa absorbers (MacPherson strut) uye maviri mativi matete, stabilizer, kumashure akaomarara tubular ekisero, longitudinal mitsetse, torsion chitubu uye torsion bar yekufambisa rack ine toothed rack, kumberi disc, kumashure mabhureki mabhureki, discs 4,5 J x 14, matai 165 SR 14.

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Kureba 4625 mm, upamhi 1729 mm, kukwirira 1421 mm, kumberi / kumashure track 1420/1425 mm, wheelbase 2675 mm, net net 1100 kg, tank 58 l.

HUNHU HUNOKOSHA NOMUDZIDZO Max. kumhanya 170 km / h, 0-100 km / h mumasekondi 12,5, mafuta (peturu 95) 11,8 l / 100 km.

KUSIMBISA ZUVA NE TYPES Audi 100, (modhi 104 (C1) kubva muna 1968 kusvika 1976, 827 474 mienzaniso, iyo 30 687 coupes.

Mercedes-Benz 230 (W 114), proizv. 1970

ENGINE Model M 180, yakanyoroveswa nemvura mu-mutsetse 2292-humburumbira injini, mwenje chiwanikwa chisilinda musoro, pfumbu yakakanda simbi block, crankshaft ine ina huru mabheyaringi, imwe yepamusoro camshaft (inotyairwa necheni duplex), mavhiri ekumisa akafanana, anotyairwa rocker maoko vhoriyamu 3 cm86,5 (akabereka x sitiroko 78,5 x 120 mm), 5400 hp pa182 rpm, torque yepamusoro 3600 Nm pa9 rpm, compression ratio 1: 35, maviri Zenith 40/5,5 INAT maviri-danho rakamira kutenderera kuyerera carburetors, kuvesa coil, XNUMX l injini yemafuta.

SIMBA GEAR Kumashure-vhiri rekutyaira, 4-yekumhanyisa manyore kutapurirana, sarudzo 5-kumhanya kufambisa, kana 4-kumhanya otomatiki kutapurirana ne hydraulic batira.

MUVIRI UYE KUSIMBISA Kuzvitsigira-kwese-kwesimbi muviri, furemu uye pasi profiles zvakasungirirwa kumuviri, kumberi ekisero ine mabhii maviri echishuwo uye coil zvitubu, yakawedzera rabha elastic zvinhu, stabilizer, kumashure diagonal swing axle, inokomberedza matsime elastic zvinhu, stabilizer, mudhiraivho nebhora sikuruu. hutachiwana, mamwe masimba ekufambisa, mabhureki emavhiri mana, 5,5J x 14 mavhiri, 175 SR 14 matai.

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Kureba 4680 mm, upamhi 1770 mm, kukwirira 1440 mm, kumberi / kumashure track 1448/1440 mm, wheelbase 2750 mm, net net 1405 kg, tank 65 l.

HUNHU HUNOKOSHA NOMUDZIDZO Max. kumhanya 175 km / h, 0-100 km / h mumasekondi 13,2, mafuta (peturu 95) 14 l / 100 km.

ZUVA REKUGADZISWA NEKUTENISWA Muenzaniso wemhando W 114/115, kubva 200 D kusvika 280 E, 1967–1976, 1 makopi, ayo 840 uye 753/230 - 230 makopi.

NSU Ro 80, manuf. 1975 gore

MOTOR Model NSU / Wankel KKM 612, Wankel twin-rotor injini ine mvura inotonhorera uye yekukweva kweiperi, ina-sitiroko basa kutenderera, grey kukanda simbi dzimba, trochoidal kamuri ine elisilized kupfeka, ferrotic yekuisa chisimbiso mahwendefa, 2 x 497 cm3, 115 HP makamuri. kubva. pa5500 rpm, torque yepamusoro 158 Nm pa4000 rpm, kumanikidzwa kutenderera lubrication system, injini yemafuta 6,8 litita, chinja vhoriyamu 3,6 litita, pombi yemamitha yekuwedzera lubrication nekushandisa kurasikirwa. Solex 35 DDIC yakatwasuka inoyerera maviri-kamuri carburetor ine otomatiki kutanga-kumusoro, yakakwira-voltage thyristor kuvesa, imwe spark plug pane imwe neimwe imba, pedza gasi yekuchenesa nepombi yemhepo uye kamuri yemoto, pedza system ine pombi imwe.

SIMBA KUTAURA MBERI-vhiri dhiraivha, inosarudza otomatiki kutapurirana - matatu-kumhanya bhuku rekufambisa, otomatiki imwe ndiro yakaoma clutch uye torque inoshandura.

MUVIRI UYE KUSIMBISA Kuzvitsigira wega-simbi muviri, pamberi ekisero ine coaxially yakabatana zvitubu uye yekuvhundutsa absorbers (MacPherson strut mhando), transverse struts, stabilizer, inodzosera kumashure axle, coil matsime, yakawedzera yerabha elastic strut uye mudhiraivho, maviri hydraulic braking system ine mana disc mabhureki. , akamedura simba mutongi, mavhiri 5J x 14, matai 175 hp gumi neina.

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Kureba 4780 mm, upamhi 1760 mm, kukwirira 1410 mm, kumberi / kumashure track 1480/1434 mm, wheelbase 2860 mm, net net 1270 kg, tank 83 l.

HUNHU HUNOKOSHA NOMUDZIDZO Max. kumhanya 180 km / h, 0-100 km / h mumasekondi 14, mafuta (peturu 92) 16 l / 100 km.

TERM OF PRODUCTATION AND CIRCULATION NSU Ro 80 - kubva 1967 kusvika 1977, makopi 37.