Audi Quattro - motokari yakachinja indasitiri yemotokari

Chiratidzo cheiyo quattro system ndiyo Malayan gecko. Inofamba nemumasango anogara achipisa, kunyanya pamapazi akanyorova uye nemashizha anotsvedza. Kubata kwakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kunofanirwa, kune rumwe rutivi, kune makapu ekusveta, uye kune imwe, kugoverwa kwemasimba.

Iyo quattro system yaive mugumisiro wekuchinja kwekufunga kweAudi Group pakati pemakore ekuma1975. Zvese zvakatanga nekugadzwa kwaFerdinand Piech senhengo yebhodhi muna 50. Yakanga iri panguva iyo basa rakanga richiitwa pamhando dzeAudi 75 uye SUV inonzi Iltis, yakapiwa kumauto akasiyana-siyana eNATO. Kunyanya iyo yekupedzisira yakamutsa kufarira apo, kunyangwe iyo isina simba simba unit ine simba re200 hp, iyo Audi 80 prototype yakahwina pachando nechando. Madzibaba epurojekiti aive: Jörg Bensinger - muvambi, Ferdinand Piech - mutsigiri, mutungamiri uye Walter Treser - mukuru wedhipatimendi rekugadzira. Mota yekugadzira yaive codenamed Audi, asi yaida rimwe zita rakasiyana. Sarudzo pamusoro pesarudzo yayo inofanirwa kunge yakaitwa pamusangano wezvechigadzirwa. Pfungwa mbiri dzakapihwa: Carat (pfupi yeCoupe All Rad Antrieb Turbo) uye Quattro. Walter Treser, munyori wezita rekuti Quattro, akaziva nezvechikumbiro chechipiri uye akaongorora kuti pakanga patove - imwe yezvakachipa - mapefiyumu ezita rimwe chete. Akatenga bhodhoro rimwe rezvinonhuwira, uye apo zita rokuti "Karat" rakataurwa panguva yemusangano, akaribudisa ndokutaura kuti munhu aisagona kudana chigadzirwa chakagadzirirwa kukunda nyika chimwe chinhu kunze kwepefiyumu yakaipa yevakadzi. Saka, zita reQuattro rakakunda.

Kubudirira kwemitambo

Muna March 1980, motokari yakaratidzwa kune vezvenhau paGeneva Motor Show, asi chisarudzo chinonyanya kukosha chaiva kutanga mumusangano. Kubva pakutanga, vagadziri uye mainjiniya vakabvumirana kuti motokari itsva inofanira kuratidzwa panhandare yemitambo. Ferdinand Piech akacherechedza zvakakodzera kuti kubudirira kwequattro kunongovimbisa kukwikwidzana nayo. Zvikasadaro, chigarire-mavhiri mana chingangove chiitiko chehunyanzvi. Iyo chete 1981 World Rally Championship yakakwanisa kupa nekukurumidza uye kwakananga kusangana nevakwikwidzi. Pakuunganidza boka re rally, vakatendeukira kuna Fin, Hann Mikkola uye .. mukadzi anonzi Michelle Mouton. Mukupera kwa1981, zvisingafungidzike zvakaitika: Michel Mouton akave mukadzi wekutanga munhoroondo yemotorsport kuhwina mujaho weSan Remo sechikamu cheWorld Championship. Yakanga iri yakanakisa kushambadzira kweiyo Quattro system. Kubva ipapo, munhu wese aive nechokwadi chekuti "kunyangwe mukadzi, ane mota ine dhiraivha yakadaro paari, anogona kukunda nyore."

Iyo Quattro system zvakare ine imwe yeanonyanya kushambadza paterevhizheni. Muna 1986, Harald Demuth akatyaira Audi 100 CS quattro tsvuku (136 km) paPitkavuori ski jump muKaipole, Finland. Chiitiko ichi chakasimbisa nyika yese, asi hapana akashinga kudzokorora kubudirira. Rekodhi iyi yakatyorwa chete naUwe Black pachiitiko che "25 years of quattro" anniversary. Dema, kutyaira Audi A6 4.2 quattro muAtlas Grey, yakasvika kureba kwemamita 47 mumasekonzi mapfumbamwe, ichikwira pakona ye 37,5 degrees, i.e. inenge 80%.

Quattro inoshanda sei?

Simba rekutyaira rinogoverwa otomatiki uye nguva dzose. Iine kumberi kana kumashure vhiri dhiraivha, 50% yesimba reinjini inotumirwa kune rimwe nerimwe vhiri. Kusiyana neizvi, nequattro drive, chete 25% yesimba inoendeswa kune yega yega vhiri dhiraivha. Kudhonza kushoma kunoreva kushomeka kwenjodzi yekutsvedza, kutsvedza kurinani, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakawanda paunenge uchifambisa. Nekudaro, iyo-yese-vhiri drive inovimbisa kukuru kudhonza uye kutyaira kunyaradza kunyangwe panzvimbo inotsvedza. Nekugoverwa kwe torque pakati pema axles ese, shanduko mumutoro wavo nekuda kwekukurumidza kana kuwedzera uremu ishoma pane iyo yekumashure kana yekumberi-vhiri dhiraivha. Nekuda kweizvi, mota inomhanyisa nekukurumidza uye inobata nemateru zviri nani.

Nhasi, kutyaira kwakachengetedzeka kunofambiswa neakakosha masensor anoona hunhu husingafadzi uye matambudziko nekuchengetedza yakapihwa gwara rekufamba. Vanopa kugadzikana nekufurira kugoverwa kwemasimba ekubhureki. Nekudaro, mukubatana neiyo traction control uye traction control, yakanyanya kuchengetedzwa inovimbiswa kune vafambi veAudi quattro. Somugumisiro, paunenge uchityaira panzvimbo dzakanyorova, mavhiri ekumashure anotora masimba ekufambisa achitevera kurongeka kwemavhiri epamberi, ayo atova nenguva yekupfapfaidza mvura (kazhinji ipapo mavhiri anorasikirwa nekufambisa).

Wese mutyairi anogona kubatsirwa neruzivo rwakawanikwa mainjiniya eAudi mujaho remitambo. Mavhiri ese-mavhiri akarongedzerwa kumota dzekugadzira haana kunyanya kusiyana nesystem inoshandiswa murally uye mota dzemujaho. Iyo Audi quattro saka inovimbisa kuita kwakanakisa uye yechokwadi sporty kutyaira maitiro, uku uchichengetedzeka panguva imwe chete.

Parizvino, ese maAudi modhi, kubva kuA3 kuenda kuA8, anowanikwa mune quattro shanduro uye sisitimu inogara ichigadziriswa. Kunyange zvazvo Audi isingaiti mutsauko pakati peshanduro yega yega yeQuattro, zvizvarwa zvitanhatu zveQuattro zvakavakwa kubvira 1980:

Chizvarwa chekutanga: kusiyanisa kwepakati - kuvhurika, kuvharwa nemaoko nebhatani pane koni, kumashure kusiyanisa - kuvhurika, nemaoko kukiyiwa nebhatani pane koni, kusiyanisa kwepamberi - kuvhura pasina kukiya.

Chizvarwa chechipiri: mutsauko wepakati - Torsen T1 - mhando 1 (pasi pezvakajairwa traction mamiriro, sisitimu inoendesa torque kumavhiri emberi uye kumashure maaxles muchiyero che50-50), kumashure musiyano - yakavhurika, yakavharwa nemaoko nebhatani. iyo koni, yekumberi musiyano - yakavhurika pasina mukana wekuvhara.

Chizvarwa chechitatu chinoshandiswa chete muV8: manyorero ekufambisa - Torsen T1 musiyano, otomatiki kutapurirana - giya remapuraneti, kumashure musiyano - Torsen T1, kumberi kusiyanisa - kuvhurika pasina kukiya.

Chizvarwa chechina: musiyano wepakati - Torsen T1, musiyano wekumashure - wakavhurika nekiyi yemagetsi, musiyano wepamberi - wakavhurika nekiyi yemagetsi.

Chizvarwa chechishanu: yepakati musiyano - Torsen type3, kumashure musiyano - yakavhurika nemagetsi kukiya, kumberi musiyano - yakavhurika nemagetsi kukiya.

Chizvarwa chechitanhatu chete muRS5 vhezheni: musiyano wepakati - Crown-gear centre Differential, inopa hunhu hwakafanana neTorsen type3, asi nekuda kweimwe dhizaini mota inofanirwa kuita zvirinani mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara emumugwagwa, musiyano wekumashure - wakavhurika nemagetsi kukiya, musiyano wepamberi. - vhura nemagetsi kukiya.

Kubva pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kusvika nhasi, maA3 neTT modhi (pamwe neiyo ichangobva kuburitswa Q3) inoshandisa pseudo centre musiyano - iyo Haldex clutch. Mhando yedhiraivha inotarirwa nenzvimbo yeinjini pamberi, yakachinjika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, motokari inotyaira chete ekisero yepamberi. Kumashure kwakabatanidzwa.

Iyo R8 inoshandisa viscous coupling inogara ichiendesa torque kumavhiri ese ane reshiyo ye85% kumashure, 15% kumberi. Muchiitiko chekumashure kwevhiri, clutch inogona kuendesa kusvika ku30% ye torque kune vhiri repamberi.