Motokari yemapuranga. Injini yekupisa huni.
Zviri mukati
Iwe haufanirwe kuve mutyairi kuti uone kuti mitengo yemafuta yakakwira zvinonyadzisa mumavhiki apfuura. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti huwandu hwezvinhu izvi zvakasvibirira hushoma uye munguva pfupi iri kutevera pachava nezvinetso nekuwanikwa kwayo. Zvisinei, vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti imwe nzira uye yakachipa nzira yekugadzira motokari yakagadzirwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura.
Kungwara kwevanhu hakuna magumo, kunyanya munguva dzenhamo. Tichidzokera kumashure mashoma enhoroondo, tinodzidza kuti munguva yehondo, nezvikonzero zviri pachena, pakanga paine dambudziko remafuta. Ruzhinji rwevanhuwo zvavo, pasinei nokuti vakanga vakashongedzerwa nemotokari dzakawanda uye dzinodhura, vaisagona kufamba-famba madziri. Kubva pano, pfungwa dzakawanda uye dzinonakidza dzakaonekwa pane kutsiva peturu kana dhiziri. Zvakazoitika kuti huni hwakakodzera kugadzirwa kwehuni, iyo gasi yehuni, inozivikanwawo se "holkgas".
Nechepfungwa, chero injini yekudzima moto inogona kumhanya pahuni gasi. Nyaya iyi inoshandawo kumainjini edhiziri, asi izvi zvinoda kumwe kunatsiridzwa nenzira yekuwedzera inodzima. Sezvinotevera kubva mukuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaitwa pakupera kwemakore gumi, nzira yakanakisisa yekutyaira motokari pane iyi isina kujairika mafuta ndeyemvura-carbon gas generator, i.e. iyo inonzi carbon monoxide generator. Imbert jenareta.
Iyi tekinoroji yakagadzirwa mukutanga kwema1920s. Iri izwi rakaomarara rinogona kunge risingarevi zvakawanda kune angangove muverengi, saka pazasi pane tsananguro yemashandisiro anoita sisitimu iyi. Mhinduro iyi inoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira 1 litre yehuni kubva pa2 kg yehuni kana 1,5 kg yemarasha. Uye sezvamunoziva, mutengo weiyi mbishi, kunyangwe mune yakanyanya tariro mamiriro, kanenge katatu yakaderera pane iyo yekupedzisira chigadzirwa muchimiro chepeturu.
Sei kushanda?
MuImbert boiler, mhepo inopihwa muchoto kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi mukuyerera, kuitira kuti ipfuure nemumoto unopisa kana marasha. Okisijeni iri mumhepo inobatana nekabhoni kuita kabhoni dhaikisaidhi. Iyo yekupedzisira, zvakare, inopindirana nekabhoni uye inoderedzwa kuita kabhoni monoxide. Panguva ino, mhute yemvura inosunungurwa kubva muhuni inopisa, pasi pesimba rekushisa kwakanyanya, inosanganiswa nekabhoni, ichiita carbon monoxide uye hydrogen. Madota anoungana mugango remadota. Iyo gesi inowanikwa kubva pasi pegrate inobviswa nepombi inotungamirirwa kumusoro, iyo ichadzivirira kusvibiswa kwayo nemadota.
Iyo gasi inopfuura nepakati yakakosha sump, kwainoenda kucheneswa kwekutanga, uye chete ipapo inopinda muinotonhorera. Pano tembiricha inodonha uye gasi rinoparadzana nemvura. Zvadaro inopfuura nepakati pekork filter uye inopinda muvhenganisi, iyo inosanganiswa nemhepo inobva kunze mushure mekusefa. Ipapo chete gasi rinopihwa injini.
Tembiricha yegasi rinobuda yakadzikira, sezvo jenareta reImbert rinoshandisa exothermic reactions, uye nguva yekudzikisa kabhoni dhiokisi kusvika kune oxide ndeye endothermic reaction, yakafanana nekuita kweutsi nemarasha. Kuti kuderedze kurasikirwa kwesimba, masvingo ejenereta akapetwa kaviri. Mhepo inopinda mujenareta inopfuura pakati pezvikamu zviviri.
Rumwe rutivi rwemari
Zvinosuruvarisa, mhinduro iyi, kunyange zvazvo inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekushanda, inoguma neinjini yehuni yehuni inosvika simba shoma pane injini yepetroli. Kazhinji inenge 30 muzana. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kubhadharwa nekuwedzera chiyero chekumanikidza muyuniti. Wechipiri, mubvunzo wakakomba hukuru hwechimiro chakadaro. Iyo Imbert jenareta, nekuda kwekuita kuri kuitika mairi, chishandiso chehukuru hwakakura. Nokudaro, yaiwanzo "kunamatira" kunze kwemotokari.
Holcgas inonyanya kukodzera mota dzine nguva refu yekushanda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kutanga injini pamafuta aya kunotora anenge 20-30 maminitsi. Ndiyo nguva yakareba sei inotora "kupisa" jenareta yegasi. Kusvika pari zvino, nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekutakurwa kwehuni-gasi dzaigona kushanda inzvimbo dzinosvika nyore pamuti, uko chiteshi chegasi chiri pedyo chine akati wandei kana akati wandei emakiromita kure.
Kusvika parizvino, zvisinei, kunyangwe mitengo yemafuta yakakwira, isu hatigone kutarisana nedambudziko remafuta. Kushandisa marasha inzira yakanaka apo kana kuti munzvimbo dzine mafuta akaoma kuwana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu azvino, chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kungobatwa sekuda kuziva kwenguva iripo.
Ita-iwe-iwe pachako injini yekupisa huni!
Mitengo yemafuta yave ichikwira zvishoma nezvishoma kwemwedzi yakati wandei uye kutyora miganho mitsva. Vanamazvikokota vanoyambira kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera, dambudziko rinogona kunge riri kwete mumitengo yakakwira chete, asiwo mukuwanikwa kwepeturu, dhiziri kana gasi rakanyungudutswa repetroleum. Saka zvakanga zvakadaro! Ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dzemafuta aya? Michina inogona kushandurwa kupisa holzgas (huni gasi), i.e. jenareta gasi, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva muhuni. Kuzviita sei?
Mazhinji injini dzepeturu dzinogona kushandurwa kuti dzimhanye pagasi rehuni, zviri nyore ne carburetor.- Huni ihuni inogona kudzokororwa, izvo zvisingareve kuti dhiraivha yakadaro inogona kunzi ine ushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza.
- Seti yekugadzira gasi yakakura uye inorema kupfuura seti yeLPG uye zvakare yakaoma kudzora.
- Kukanganisa kwakakomba kwemhinduro yakadai ndeyekuti kuisirwa hakusati kwagadzirira kushanda, kunofanirwa kuve kwakapisa.
- Wood gasi jenareta anogonawo kugadzira mafuta, semuenzaniso. yekudziya imba
Rangarira rwiyo "Locomotive kubva pakuzivisa" naPerfect?
Gasoline pamutengo uyu nhasi
Kuti mota haisi muhomwe yako
Ndichadira mvura mulocomotive
Uye zvichave zvakachipa kwandiri kufamba
Ndichanhonga marara
Ndichaunganidza brushwood (…)
Ndichararama samambo!
Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti chinyorwa kubva 1981 chinogona kunzwika sechine basa zvakare? Asi kutyaira locomotive haisi sarudzo. Kubva pakatanga indasitiri yemotokari, pave nenguva apo peturu yemafuta yaidhura zvakanyanya kana isingawanikwe - uye hapana aida kusiya mota dzekutyaira dzine injini dzinopisa mukati. Inokwanisika uye yakachipa imwe nzira kune inodhura mvura yemafuta kana gasi? Panyaya yekudziya dzimba, nyaya yacho iri pachena - kupisa zvese zvinouya nemaoko muzvitofu, semarara ehuni, brushwood.
Nzira yakachipa yekutyaira ibrushwood pachinzvimbo chepeturu kana LPG
Zvakanaka, haugone kutyaira mota nebrushwood! It? Chokwadi unogona, asi hazvisi nyore! Mhinduro ndeyekuisa inonzi holzgas, kana gasi rehuni! Pfungwa yacho haisi itsva; vagadziri vanga vachiedza nekuisa kwakadaro kweanopfuura makore zana. Kuiswa kwerudzi urwu kwakawana mukurumbira mukuru panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, apo mafuta epetroleum akanga ava kuda kushandiswa zvachose nemauto, uye matura avo akanga mashoma. Yakanga iri nguva iyo motokari dzevanhu (uye dzimwe motokari dzemauto) dzakashandurwa zvakanyanya kuitira kuti vakwanise kumhanya nejenareta gasi. Uyewo pashure pehondo, gadziriro dzakadaro dzakanga dzakakurumbira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure dzenyika, zvikurukuru uko huni dzakanga dzisina huni uye mafuta emvura akanga akaoma kuwana.
Chero injini yepeturu inogona kumhanya pahuni gasi.
Kugadziriswa kwejini pachayo (chero bedzi iri carbureted four-stroke) ndiyo diki yezvinetso - zvakakwana kushandisa gasi kune yakawanda yekutora. Sezvo isinganyungududzi, hapana chikonzero chekudzikisa kupisa kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvakaoma. Kuoma kukuru munyaya iyi ndiko kuvaka uye kuiswa mumotokari ye "gas generator" inoenderana, ndiko kuti, chigadzirwa icho dzimwe nguva chinonzi gasi generator. Chii chinonzi gasi jenareta? Mumashoko akareruka, ichi chigadziro chichabudisa gasi mumotokari, iyo inobva yapiswa mujini. Hongu, ichi hachisi chikanganiso - mumotokari pane inonzi holzgas, mafuta anogadzirwa nguva dzose!
Nzira yekutyaira yakachipa - jenareta yehuni gasi inoshanda sei?
Mumotokari kana mutirairi kuseri kwemotokari kune yakakosha, yakavharwa yakavharwa yakavharwa nebhokisi remoto rinoiswa pasi payo. Huni, shavings, brushwood, sawdust, kana peat kana marasha zvinokandwa muboiler. Moto unobatidzwa pachoto pasi pegate rakavharwa. Pashure penguva yakati, mushure mokusvika kutonhora kwaidiwa, musanganiswa unopisa unotanga kusvuta, "carbonate" - magasi akaunganidzwa anobudiswa kunze kuburikidza nepombi yakakodzera, kure nemoto unopfuta mumoto.
Sezvo zvinhu zvinopisa zvinopiswa nekuwana kudiki kweokisijeni, iyo boiler inoburitsa kunyanya kabhoni monoxide, i.e. ine chepfu yakanyanya, asiwo inopfuta kabhoni monoxide. Zvimwe zvikamu zvegasi zvakawanikwa nenzira iyi zvinonyanya kunzi. methane, ethylene uye hydrogen. Nehurombo, gasi iri rinewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingabatike, semuenzaniso. nitrogen, mhute yemvura, carbon dioxide - zvinoreva kuti mafuta ane yakaderera calorific kukosha, uye kuiswa kunogadzirwa nenzira yekuti gasi harina kuchengetwa mazviri, asi rinopinda injini nguva dzose. Kana injini ichinyanya kuda mafuta, ndipo panodiwa simba guru rokuisa.
Kutasva paHolzgas - haina kudhura, asi kune matambudziko
Kuti gasi rive rakakodzera kumagetsi enjini, richiri kuda kutonhodzwa uye kusefa kubva kune tarry deposits - iyo inowedzera kumanikidza kuisirwa kuve hombe - uyezve gasi rinobva kune inodaidzwa. pyrolysis yehuni uye imwe biowaste haisi iyo yakachena mafuta. Kunyangwe iine yakanaka yasara kusefa, tara inoungana mune yakawanda yekudyara, soot inoungana mumakamuri ekupisa uye pane spark plugs. Injini inomhanya pahuni gasi ine kunyange mashoma gumi muzana mashoma simba pane peturu kana liquefied gasi - mukuwedzera, zviri nani kusaishandisa ne "gasi kune simbi", nekuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kana kuisirwa kwakaderera zvakanyanya. kunyatsoshanda (zvinoitika), injini inotanga kumhanya yakaonda kwazvo, iyo inogona kutungamirira, semuenzaniso, kune mavharuvhu ekupisa kana kupisa cylinder head gaskets. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, mafuta haabhadharwi,
Jenareta inogadzira gasi kunyange kana injini yadzimwa
Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi: patinodzima injini, jenareta ichiri kubudisa gasi - inogona kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, nekuvhenekera moto chaiwo wakagadzirirwa chinangwa ichi, kana ... kusunungura gasi mumhepo, nokuti hapana. nzira yekuichengeta. Kutyaira nemoto mumotokari kana mukaravhani kuseri kwemotokari zvakare hakuna kuchengetedzeka zvakanyanya, uye kana kuiswa kwacho kusina kusimba, vafambi vemotokari vanotarisana nerufu. Kuiswa kunoda kucheneswa kunorwadza (zvichienderana nekuremerwa, makumi mashoma ega ega kana kupfuura ega ega mazana emakiromita emakiromita) - asi yakachipa zvisingaite.
Wood gasi jenareta - ye preppers uye yekuchipa yekudziya imba
Zviri nyore kuwana mavhidhiyo pamhepo anoratidza mavakirwo ejenareta gasi kuti agone kugonesa mota negasi rehuni - mamwe mapurojekiti akatogadzirwa kuti agadziriswe kubva kune anowanzo kuwanikwa, uye kunyange muchina welding waisadikanwa pakuvaka. . Hapana kushayikwa kwevanofarira vanoshandura mota dzavo kumafuta akadaro - yakakurumbira, semuenzaniso, muRussia. mumakona akasiiwa eSweden, asi boka guru revateveri vemaitiro akadaro rinogona kuwanikwa muRussia uye post-Soviet republic. Vamwe vanhu vanobata majenareta egasi ehuni nemainjini anofambiswa nawo sematoyi uye, semuenzaniso, vanovaka michina yekucheka uswa inoshanda nenzira iyi.
Zvakare, makiti ekukurumidzira (hondo yenyika, zombie apocalypse, kuputika kwegomo, njodzi yechisikigo) yakakurumbira pakati pevanonzi vanopona kubatsira majenareta emagetsi. Kune zvakare makambani ari pamusika anopa majenareta egasi emazuva ano ane zvitofu zvakakodzera senzvimbo ine hushamwari uye yakachipa yekudziya kwekuvaka.
