Zvemotokari zvekuvhundutsa zvinotora kumberi nekumashure

A shock absorber is a damping device inoshandiswa mumotokari kuti inyatso tora kuvhunduka uye kuvhunduka, kunyorovesa kuzununguka, etc. Mukuwedzera, shock absorber (car strut) inokubvumira kudzvanya vhiri pamugwagwa paunenge uchityaira uchitya, nokudaro uchivandudza traction. , kuvandudza kushanda kwebhureki, kugadzikana kwemotokari, nezvimwe.

Nhasi, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana uye marudzi e-shock absorbers, ayo akasiyana kwete chete mu-axis yavanozorora (kumberi kwekuvhundutsa kunobata kana kumashure kwekuvhunduka), asiwo mukugadzira.

Tevere, isu tichaona kuti kuvhunduka kunobata chii uye kuti rudzii rwechishandiso chinotyisa mota. Saka, mukati megadziriro yechinyorwa, inosimbiswa zvakasiyana kuti ndezvipi zvinokatyamadza zviri pamotokari, mhando dzematanho, kuti akasiyana sei, uye zvakare inofunga zvakanakira nekuipira kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze struts, nezvimwe.

Mota inotyisa inopinza kumashure uye kumberi: izvo zvaunoda kuziva

Ngatitangei nechokwadi chokuti nhasi kune marudzi akawanda e-shock absorbers yemotokari. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kune misiyano yehutano pakati pavo uye inosiyana zvishoma maererano nekushanda uye kushanda. Ngatizvionei.

• Chokutanga pane zvose, chinangwa chekuvhundutsa kunoderedza kuvhunduka uye kudengenyeka kunoendeswa kumuviri kana motokari ichifamba. Shock absorbers kana struts inoshanda pamwe chete nezvimwe elastic zvinhu zvekumiswa kwemotokari (somuenzaniso, zvitubu, zvidhinha zvisingatauriki, anti-roll bars, nezvimwewo).

Imwe nzira kana imwe, nekuda kwekuvhunduka kunobata, zvinokwanisika kuvandudza zvakanyanya kutsvedzerera kwemotokari, kubvisa kuunganidza (zvese kureba uye kuchinjika), kuita zvirinani kubata uye kugadzikana kwemotokari mumugwagwa.

• Zvino ngatiendei kune mudziyo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chero chinobata chinovhundutsa chinoshanda pakumanikidza uye kudzosera. Hydraulic shock absorbers ndiyo yakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari. Panguva imwecheteyo, telescopic piston oiri yekuvhundutsa inomisikidza yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekukwenya kwemvura ichiri kushandiswa nhasi.

Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti telescopic shock absorber yakaiswa kwese kwese pamakina, isu tichaongorora rudzi urwu zvakadzama. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, damper yakadaro inoshanda nekuda kwekuti mvura (mafuta) inoyerera kubva kune imwe mhango kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza nemakomba akasarudzika. Chaizvoizvo, telescoping struts inoshanda nekumanikidza mvura nepiston kuburikidza nemakomba akakwenenzverwa.

Zvichienderana nesimba ripi rinosangana nepiston uye kuti njanji inoshanda sei, mvura inobuda nemumaburi emadhayamita akasiyana. Iko kukanganiswa kwesimba remvura panguva yekushanda kweraki rinoshandurwa kuita kupisa, uye iyo general misimboti yekushanda inoibvumira kudzikamisa vibrations. Mukuwedzera, iyo furemu inoshanda mune zvese compression uye rebound.

• Handei ikoko. Sezvo mutemo, vatyairi vemotokari havawanzo teerera kune marudzi ekuvhunduka. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti pane kusiyana kukuru pakati pavo. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo yekumisa kuvhunduka inopinza inogona kunge isiri pamberi kana kumashure chete, asiwo imwe-chubhu, maviri-chubhu kana yakasanganiswa, pamwe nemafuta, gasi kana gasi-mafuta (gasi / oiri furemu).

Zvinoitika kuti kana iwe uchida kutenga kumashure kana kumberi kuvhunduka kunobata, pamwe nese 4 racks yemota, zvakakosha kufunga nezve maficha uye kusiyana kwemhando imwe neimwe. Mukuwedzera, kana imwe kana imwe rudzi rwekuvhunduka kusarudzwa kwakasarudzwa zvisina kururama, inogona kukanganisa kubata pamwe chete nekutasva nyaradzo.

Mhando dzemota dzinobata kuvhundutsa

Sezvaunogona kuona, motokari strut chinhu chinokosha mukumiswa hurongwa. Mukuwedzera, iyo shock absorber strut inobata zvakananga kwete kunyaradza chete, asiwo kubata. Nechikonzero ichi, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nzira yekusarudza iyo yekumberi yekuvhundutsa inopinza kana kumashure struts, uchifunga nezvehunhu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yakadaro.

Saka, telescopic shock absorbers ndeye-single-chubhu uye maviri-chubhu akasanganiswa. Zvakare, shanduro dzemazuva ano dzinogona kunge dziine basa rekuchinjika kuvhunduka kudzvanya gadziriso (adaptive suspension).

• Yekutanga sarudzo ndeye single-chubhu kana single-tube shock absorbers. Racks dzakadaro dzine cylinder imwe chete, iyo inoshanda seimba yepiston uye tsvimbo. Kuti atsigire huwandu hwebhari, imwe kamuri yakazadzwa negasi yakagadzirwa. Piston inoyangarara inoparadzanisa gasi kubva mumvura.

Pafuremu yakadaro, kudzvanywa kweoiri mumagasi-akazadzwa neshock absorbers anogona kusvika ku30 atmospheres. Kubatsira kukuru kwemarack akadaro kwakanakisa kutonhora, kuchengetedza zvivakwa pane chero mugwagwa, pamwe nekugona kuisa kuvhunduka kunobata chero kona. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti pane chipingamupinyi chemuviri pakati pekamuri ine gasi nemafuta, ichivadzivirira kubva mukusanganiswa.

Kana ari minuses, uku ndiko kuoma kwekugadzira uye kudhura kwakanyanya. Sezvo kumanikidzwa mukati mepombi kwakanyanyisa, muviri unofanirwa kuva wakasimba sezvinobvira. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kana ibwe richirova imwe-tube shock absorber, cylinder wall inokotama uye piston inogona jam. Pamusana pezvinhu zvakadaro, racks dzakadaro dzinowanzoiswa chete pamotokari dzemitambo.

• Twin-tube shock absorbers yakasiyana ne-single-tube shock absorbers pakuti ine macylinders maviri ari mukati meimwe (yemukati cylinder ine mafuta uye piston yakabatana nekusimudzwa kuburikidza netsvimbo).

Silinda yekunze yakazadzwa nemhepo uye inoita setangi rekuwedzera. Iri dura rinodikanwa pakuyerera kwemvura inobviswa netsvimbo. Iyi dhizaini ine hupfumi, ine hupenyu hunogamuchirika uye hunobudirira pasi pemamiriro akajairika.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, akanga asiri asina zvikanganiso. Dambudziko guru nderekupisa uye kupupa kwemafuta, sezvo masvingo maviri asingabvumiri kuti mafuta atonhore zvakanaka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, mafuta anongo "fashaira" mumhepo inotyisa, motokari inodedera, kubata uye kugadzikana kunopera.

• Gas-oil shock absorbers (yakasanganiswa) - sarudzo inobatanidza zvakanakira single-tube uye kaviri-tube shock absorbers. Iyo dhizaini yakafanana neye-tube furemu, uye musiyano mukuru ndewekuti panzvimbo yemhepo, gasi rinopinzwa muhumburumbira hwekunze pasi pekumanikidzwa.

Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira mutengo unokwanisika, compactness, kuita kwakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana, kutonhora kwakanaka uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hunogamuchirika. Pazasi, aya mafiremu ecombo akaderera kune imwechete chubhu inovhundutsa maererano nekuita uye zvakare yakaipisisa mukunyaradza kana ichienzaniswa neyekare twin tube shocks.

• Anogadziriswa anonwisa mashura anobvumira mutasvi kuti agadzirise iyo strut kune chaiyo application. Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, izvi zvinoitwa nemagetsi mune otomatiki kana manual mode.

Nenguva pfupi, marudzi maviri emhando dzakadaro anogona kusiyaniswa: emagetsi emagetsi akavakirwa pamagetsi emagetsi bypass mavharuvhu uye anonwisa mvura achishandisa yakakosha magnetorheological fluid. Muchiitiko chekutanga, magetsi anoshandura kushanda kwevhavha, iyo inokanganisa kubviswa kwemvura uye inoshandura kuoma kwekuvhunduka.

Muchikamu chechipiri, munda wemagetsi unobata pazvikamu zveoiri pedyo nemakomba ekunzvenga. Somugumisiro, viscosity yemafuta inoshanduka, zvakare izvi zvinokanganisa kudarika uye zvinoshandura kuoma kwekuvhunduka.

Zvose zvekutanga uye zvechipiri zvekugadzirisa racks zvine mari yakakwirira. Zvakare, tichifunga nezve wongororo yevaridzi vemotokari yeCIS, munhu anogona kusarudzira chitubu chidiki cheaya anonwisa mvura panguva yekutyaira mumigwagwa isina kunaka.

• Mitambo yekuvhundutsa inomwisa kana inorema duty shock absorbers yakagadzirirwa kubva pasi kuenda kunorema basa uye rinorema basa rekushandisa. Sezvo mutemo, mafuremu aya akasimba pakubata zvakanaka kwemota.

Panguva imwecheteyo, nyaradzo munyaya iyi inoderedzwa kumashure, sezvo basa guru rematanda akadaro ndiko kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwemotokari mumugwagwa, kunyanya pakumhanya uye kushanda nesimba.

Isu takawedzerawo kuti kumberi kwekuvhunduka kunobata mutoro wepamusoro kana uchityaira uchienzaniswa nemashure ekumashure. Ndicho chikonzero ivo vakaitwawo zvakati kusimbiswa. Nekudaro, kune akapatsanurwa akasimbisa kuvhunduka anotora, ese ari kumberi uye kumashure axles.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kumberi uye kumashure kuvhunduka kunobata kunogona kuve kwemapatya-tube dhizaini, nepo twin-tube shock absorbers inowanzoiswa pane yekumashure axle, ichifunga mitoro mishoma, pamwe nekuwedzera kunyaradza.

Shock absorber malfunctions: zviratidzo uye zviratidzo, tarisa

Zvichipa ruzivo rwuri pamusoro, iwe unogona kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi shock absorber struts akanakisa kusarudza mune imwe nyaya. Zvino, kana uchinge wafunga nezvemhando, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza mugadziri, dzidza iyo catalog uye utenge zvekuvhundutsa zvinotora kubva kune dzakakodzera sarudzo dziripo dzekutsiva.

Panguva imwecheteyo, havasi vatyairi vese vanonyatsoziva kana zvakakodzera kushandura grilles yemotokari. Kubva kune vamwe vatyairi iwe unogona kunzwa kuti kumberi kunotyisa kunobata 50-60 zviuru zvemakiromita, kumashure kunotyisa kunobata kusvika 100 zviuru zvemakiromita, gasi rinopisa rinotora 30-50% kureba kupfuura mafuta, nezvimwewo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokurudzirwa kungo tarisa racks, kuteerera madonhwe emafuta, kugogodza, kunamatira uye ruzha, nepo mune vamwe zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kushanyira vibrator kana kungoshandura kuvhunduka kunobva pane mileage. Ngatitarisei mibvunzo iyi zvakadzama.

Chekutanga pane zvese, pane akati wandei zviratidzo zvekuti shock absorber struts yakundikana:

• kuunganidza paunenge uchityaira kunyange mumugwagwa wakatsetseka;
• zvese zvisina kurongeka zvinopfuudzwa kumuviri zvine simba, mapundu anonzwika pachidhiraivho;
• motokari inokunguruka mumakona, haibati nzira;
• pakanga paine mabumps uye ruzha rwekunze paunenge uchityaira munzvimbo yemachira;
• kuderera kwekushanda kwebhureki, kudonha mune imwe nzira kana imwe, nezvimwe.

Ndapota cherechedza kuti maitiro aya emotokari uye kuonekwa kwezviratidzo izvi zvinogoneka kune zvimwe zvikonzero. Kuti unzwisise chaizvo kana zvidhori zvekuvhundutsa zvakashata kana kuti zvakakundikana zvachose kana zvishoma, unoda kutanga nekutarisa kwekuona kwezvinotyisa.

Kana iwe ukaona grooves inoenderana nemafuta uye gasi-mafuta ekuvhundutsa, izvi zvicharatidza kuti kuvhunduka kunobata "dikitira" kana kuti kune kuputika kwakakwana, kusimba kunorasika. Kana zvichikwanisika kutarisa rack, zviri nani kuibvisa kubva mumotokari uye kuipomba nemaoko.

Kana izvi zvisingabviri, zvakakwana kuti uvhure hood, utsamire panzvimbo ye rack uye dzvanya muviri uchirwisa rack zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, wozoisunungura zvakanyanya.

Muchiitiko icho chinobata chinovhundutsa chinoshanda (zvishoma zvishoma), muviri unodzokera kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga uye hapana kupfuura imwe kana maviri vibrations inobvumidzwa. Kana iyo yakavakwa ichionekwa (kushanduka kwakawanda), ipapo kuvhunduka kusingaite mabasa ayo, uye muviri unozununguka pazvitubu.

Muchokwadi, kubuda kwemafuta kuburikidza neiyo damper gland, iyo inozviratidza muchimiro chemafuta mitsetse, inoratidza kurasikirwa kwekusimba munzvimbo ye stem gland.

Izvi zvinogona kuitika semugumisiro wekukuvadza kune shock absorber bushing, mushure mokunge iyo stem inosvibiswa. Dzinde pacharo rinogona zvakare kuremara mushure mekutyaira pamusoro pemapumps mumugwagwa, makomba, nezvimwe.

Chero zvazvingaitika, kunyangwe iyo yekukatyamadza ichiri kushanda, saka izvi hazvisi kwenguva refu uye zvakafanira kugadzirira kutsiva, sezvo gasi uye mvura inodonha kubva kune inotyisa inopinza, iyo inonyorovesa midziyo yekuvhunduka inoderera zvinooneka.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mukuita, kumberi kunotyisa kunobata mumigwagwa yemumba yemota dzepakati-yepakati kazhinji inovhara isingasviki 60-70 zviuru zvemakiromita, mushure meizvozvo kuita kwavo kunotanga kuipa.

Izvo zvinoitika kuti kunyange kana racks yakaoma pakumhanya kweanenge 90-100 zviuru zvemakiromita, zvakafanana, pakumhanya kwakadaro, kuita kwavo hakupfuuri 30-40%. Kana iri mbiru dzemashure, dzinowanzoenda 30-40 zviuru zvemakiromita kupfuura epamberi.

Mazano anobatsira

Kana iwe ukaongorora ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa, zvinova pachena kuti kana iwe uchida kusarudza imwe kana imwe yekuvhundutsa inopinza, mutengo uchave wakasiyana. Mutengo wacho uchakanganiswa nemhando yehunde pachayo, pamwe chete nechinangwa chikuru (chemberi kana kumashure). Semutemo wakajairwa, zvinovhundutsa zvekumashure zvichange zvakachipa pane zvinokatyamadza zvemberi nekuti zviri nyore kugadzira uye hazvidi kusimbiswa kana zvichienzaniswa nekuremerwa kwemberi.

Nekudaro, hazvina kukosha kuchengetedza zvakanyanya pakutsiva. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinobatisa zvinovhundutsa zvinoshandurwa zviri zviviri pane imwe axle. Zvakare, kana iwe uchida kutsiva iyo yekuvhundutsa inopinza, unogona kutenga inodhura yekutanga mhinduro kana analogue yeinozivikanwa brand, pamwe neakachipa racks. Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unofanirwa kuve wakagadzirira nekuda kwekuti zvisingadhuri zvekukatyamadza zvinogona kushanda zvisina kunaka kubva pakutanga, hazvisangane neakaziviswa maitiro uye nekukurumidza kukundikana.

Izvo hazvisati zvakurudzirwa kuchengetedza pamashure emashure. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuyedza kuisa epakati kana yepamusoro kirasi yekuvhundutsa inonyudza pane ekisero yekumberi uye yakachipa struts pane yekumashure ekisero inotungamira mukuipa kwekubata uye kudzikira kwekunyaradza. Izvo zvakaringana kuisa racks yemhando imwechete yemutengo uye mugadziri mumwechete kumberi nekumashure maekisi.

Pakupedzisira, tinocherechedza kuti kusarudzwa kwekuvhunduka kunofanira kuva nekuziva; pakusarudza, zvakakosha kufunga nezve maitiro anokurukurwa pamusoro apa zvakasiyana. Izvo zvakakoshawo kufunga nezve kutyaira, mamiriro emigwagwa mudunhu, zvido zvemunhu, kuita kwemotokari uye akati wandei mamwe ma paramita. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kutenga racks chete kubva kune vanovimbika vatengesi uye woiisa nemazvo pamushini.

Chikonzero ndechekuti kune akawanda emhando yakaderera fakes pamusika, uye havasi vese mhizha vanoteera iyo inosungirwa mitemo uye kurudziro painotsiva struts (kutarisa kuvhunduka kunobata, kunyatsopomba kuvhunduka kusati kwaiswa, nezvimwewo).