Nomuzvarirwo aspirated kana turbo? Chii chinonzi aspirated injini injini, inodzorwa sei, uye yakasiyana sei neinjini ine turbocharged?
Zviri mukati
- Sezvineiwo aspirated injini maringe nhasi
- Chii chinonzi injini yakasikwa inoshuvira?
- Chii chinonzi turbo injini?
- Nomuzvarirwo aspirated uye dizeli injini - kuenzanisa
- Nzira yekushandisa sei injini yakasikwa yakasikwa? Anotyaira zviri nani here?
- Mota dzine injini yakasarudzika - zvakanakira uye zvayakaipira
- Injini inoshuviwa nenzira yechisikigo chinhu chekare here?
- Sezvingatarisirwa aspirated injini kana turbo injini? Chii chiri nani?
Injini kumota zvakaita moyo kumunhu. Inodzora dzinenge dzimwe hurongwa, asi panguva imwe chete, semwoyo, inoda simba. Akazviwanepi?
Zvakanaka, tekinoroji yauya nenzira dzinoverengeka dzekuchengeta injini dzichienda. Iwo maviri sarudzo ayo pasina kupokana ari pakati peanonyanya kufarirwa ndeaya akasikwa aspirated uye turbo shanduro. Aya ndiwo marudzi emainjini atiri kutarisa munyaya ino.
Verenga kuti uone, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chii chinoita kuti mumwe nemumwe wavo aoneke? Ndeipi iri nani maererano nekuita? Unokwira sei chimwe nechimwe chazvo?
Sezvineiwo aspirated injini maringe nhasi
Ikozvino chaiyo yemusika haina kukonzeresa kugadzirwa kweinjini dzinoburitsa simba nenzira yechinyakare. Mapazi ehurumende ari kugara achisunga mitemo yekuburitsa mafuta, izvo zvinowedzera kudiwa kwemotokari dzinoshandisa mafuta mashoma.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakaoma kufungidzira shanduro dzinotevera dzeV8 injini dzine simba rakakura kudarika dziva reOlympic.
Zvakare, vagadziri vanowedzera vari turbocharged sezvo rudzi urwu rweinjini runovabvumira kuvandudza kushanda kwemotokari pasina kupira kuita. Nekudaro, vamwe vanotaura izvi se "primitive" simba rekusimudzira.
Izvi ndizvo chaizvo here?
Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, isu chekutanga tinoda kujekesa kuti chii chinongodiwa injini uye turbo injini? Verenga uye uzive.
Chii chinonzi injini yakasikwa inoshuvira?
Usati waziva mhinduro, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti chero injini yekupisa yemukati inokwevera mumhepo yakadzika. Sei? Nekuti pasina okisijeni, mafuta haabatike, izvo zvinozoita kuti kushayikwa kwesimba mujini.
Uye mutemo wakajairika ndewekuti mweya wakawanda unopinda mukati, simba rakawanda - hongu, chero isu takaunganidza zvidhinha zvakafanana.
Kana tichitaura nezve injini yakasikwa, tinoreva mhinduro iyo mhepo inopinda muinjini yega (kureva, nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidza pakati pezvakatipoteredza nekamuri yekupisa). Zviri nyore zvechinyakare combustion injini.
Parizvino, unogona kungoiwana pamotokari dzepeturu uye ichiri kushoma. Madhiziri ave nenguva achichinjira kune turbocharging nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvatakanyora pamusoro.
Chii chinonzi turbo injini?
Kusiyana neyakatangira, iyo turbo injini inopomba mweya mukamuri yekupisa. Inozviita neturbocharger.
Madiki ma turbines anogadzira induction effect, iyo inopa injini yakawanda mhepo, iyo panguva imwechete ine simba rakakwirira kudarika mhepo yemhepo. Mhedzisiro yacho yakasimba "kuputika" kwemafuta mukamuri yekupisa, zvichikonzera simba rakawanda.
Nekudaro, sezvauchakurumidza kuziva, uyu hausi iwo chete musiyano pakati peinjini mbiri.
Nomuzvarirwo aspirated uye dizeli injini - kuenzanisa
Pazasi iwe unowana kufananidzwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zveinjini imwe neimwe. Kuti tikupe mufananidzo wakarurama wemamiriro acho ezvinhu, tinotarisa kushandiswa kwemafuta, kukurumidza, kuoma uye, zvechokwadi, simba.
Saka totangira papi?
Nomuzvarirwo aspirated kana turbo? Chii chichava nani?
Mafuta ekushandiswa
Zvinoenderana nepfungwa dzevarimi, turbocharging inowedzera kudiwa kwehuni. Ichi ichokwadi.
Zvisinei, pane imwe "asi".
Ngatitsanangurirei izvi nemuenzaniso weinjini mbiri: 2-lita yakasikwa yakasikwa injini uye 1,5-lita turbo injini. Kutenda kune turbocharging yechipiri, ese ari maviri anogadzira simba rakafanana, asi iyo yakasikwa inoshuvira injini ine simba rakawanda, saka inoshandisa mamwe mafuta.
Ehe, kana tikafananidza injini mbiri dzakafanana, iyo turbo vhezheni yaizove ine nzara yesimba. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti inogona kubvisa simba rakaenzana kubva kune injini duku, inowedzera mari.
Kupfupikisa: iyo yakasikwa inoshuvira vhezheni inoshandisa shoma mafuta eiyo saizi yeinjini. Nekudaro, kana simba reinjini richifungwa, iyo turbocharged vhezheni inopa kuita kwakafanana nekubudirira kukuru.
kumhanyisa
Iwe unotoziva kuti turbo injini ine simba rakawanda, asi overclocking ndiyo Achilles chitsitsinho chayo. Sei? Nekuti idzi mhando dzeinjini dzinotora nguva kuti turbocharger iwedzere kumanikidza.
Exhaust magasi anoshandiswa pane izvi, uye sezvamunoziva, hapana akawanda acho paanotanga injini. Nekudaro, tekinoroji yemazuva ano iri kutoshanda kubvisa overclocking lag.
Tataura izvozvo, tinocherekedza kuti turbocharging haina kana kuipa kupfuura iyo yakasikwa inoshuvira vhezheni. Kusakwana kwekutanga injini kunokurumidza kugadzirwa nesimba rakawanda.
Kana iri yezvakasikwa aspirated version, hapana kunonoka. Injini inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kwakagadzikana kwesimba. Iyo ine yakakwira torque pane yakaderera rpm uye yakakwirira simba pakakwirira rpm isina kutsvedza.
Complexity
Mufungo wakapfava ndewekuti kana chimwe chinhu chine udzame hwakawanda, ndipo pazvinoita kuti chikundikane. Izvo zvinongoitika kuti turbocharging ndeye yekuwedzera kune yakajairwa yakasikwa injini. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inowedzera kune yekare system:
- zvimwe zvinongedzo,
- intercooler,
- vacuum hose kana
- nhamba huru ye hydraulic installs.
Izvi zvinowedzera mukana wekuramba. Kunyangwe chikamu chimwe chakakuvadzwa chinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko ehurongwa.
Sezvo injini ine supercharged iri nyore, ine yakaderera yekutadza mwero uye nekudaro yakaderera mutengo wekugadzirisa (kazhinji).
Mok
Izvo hazvifanirwe kushamisa kune chero munhu kuti turbocharging iripo kuwedzera injini simba. Zita pacharo rinoratidza izvi. Iyi tekinoroji inoburitsa simba rakawanda kubva kumainjini madiki, saka inotopfuura echinyakare mavhezheni epamusoro munzvimbo ino.
Zvisinei, zvinopesana nezvitarisiko, zvekupedzisira zvichiri kudzivirirwa.
Nekuda kwemhinduro nyowani dzetekinoroji, mainjini anoshuvira anowedzera torque, asi mhedzisiro yacho ichiri kuipa kana ichienzaniswa neturbocharger. Zvichida munguva pfupi iri kutevera tichaona kubudirira munzvimbo iyi?
Kusvika ikozvino, turbo inokunda zvakajeka musimba.
Nzira yekushandisa sei injini yakasikwa yakasikwa? Anotyaira zviri nani here?
Rimwe dambudziko mumakwikwi ezvakasikwa vs. turbo kutyaira nekunakidzwa nazvo. Pane misiyano yakakosha here pano?
Ehe. Isu takatonyora nezvavo nezve overclocking.
Sezvo mainjini echisikigo anoshuvira aine simba rinoenderana ramp, kushandiswa kwavo (kunyanya pakutanga-kumusoro) kuri nyore. Zvakare, zvakakosha kuzvibvunza iwe, nei uchida turbo? Kana uri kutyaira zvakanyanya mumigwagwa yemuguta, haudi zvimwe "push" chero chinhu.
Uyezve, kune vamwe, kunakidzwa kwekutyaira neinjini inoshuvira kuchave isina kukwikwidza (V6 ine simba kana V8 inogona kukufadza). Kunyanya sezvo simba rakawanda pazasi rpms rinonyanya kushanda kana zvasvika pakudhonza kana "kukura" neinjini.
Iko kupera kunonzwika zvakare "muscular" pano.
Kune rimwe divi, diki turbo injini yakareruka uye haitore nzvimbo yakawanda, iyo inogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakubata.
Mota dzine injini yakasarudzika - zvakanakira uye zvayakaipira
Iwe unotoziva kuti ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pechisikigo chinoshuvira injini uye turbo injini. Inguva yekutora mabhenefiti ayo uye zvayakaipira zvichienzaniswa nemukwikwidzi.
Sezvingatarisirwa aspirated injini - zvakanakira:
- Hapana kunonoka (turbo lag phenomenon);
- Simba rakagadzikana kuwana;
- Kazhinji dhizaini iri nyore, iyo muzviitiko zvakawanda inotungamirira kuderera kwenhamba yekukundikana uye kugadzirisa mari;
- Iko hakuna chikonzero chekutonhodza turbine mushure mekufamba kwakaoma.
Sezvineiwo aspirated injini - zvakaipa:
- Haina kudzvanya muchigaro zvakaoma sejini ine turbocharged (asi kune hombe dzechisikigo dzinoshuvira dzinogona kuita izvozvo);
- Nekuda kwezvirambidzo zvemamiriro ekunze, inishuwarenzi inodhura (kunyanya ine hukuru hukuru);
- Theoretically kuderera kushanda zvakanaka (yakakwirira mafuta ekushandisa).
Injini inoshuviwa nenzira yechisikigo chinhu chekare here?
Pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino, takataura nezve kuwedzera kuomesesa emission standard. Ndivo chikonzero nei mainjiniya echinyakare anoshuvira ari kubviswa muindasitiri yemotokari.
Izvi zvinosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti mhando dzakawanda dzakakurumbira dzakatovasiya zvachose. Kunyangwe tiri kutaura nezve mota dzakagadzirirwa munhu wese (seBMW, Mercedes kana Alfa Romeo) kana mota dzeumbozha (seRolls-Royce, Maserati, Bentley), mazhinji adzo haachagadziri einjini dzinodiwa.
Paunoenda kumotokari yemotokari nhasi, usashamiswa nechokwadi chokuti motokari yemhuri ine simba ine 1,5-litre injini, asi ine turbochargers mbiri.
Kana iwe ukaramba uchishandisa yakasikwa aspirated injini, iwe uchapinda mudambudziko chairo. Tinofanira kutsvaga pakati pemashoma eKorea kana eJapan mhando (Toyota, Mazda, Lexus). Mukuwedzera, panogona kunge paine mamwe mamodeli eFord (Mustang), Lamborghini kana Porsche ...
... Asi, sezvauri kuona, aya anonyanya kuve ma supercars.
Iyo chete mhinduro iri nyore mune iyi kesi ndeyekunyorera yekare, yakashandiswa mota. Nekudaro, dambudziko riri pano nderekuti ivo havazoenderana nehunhu hwemhando nyowani.
Sezvingatarisirwa aspirated injini kana turbo injini? Chii chiri nani?
Kutaura zvazviri, zviri kumutyairi wese kuti asarudze. Mumusika wanhasi, zviri nyore kuona kuti sei turbo iri kutungamira mumakwikwi aya. Injini dzerudzi urwu dzinonyanya kushanda (zvichida mune dzidziso), inopa simba rakawanda uye, uyezve, usapokana nemafashoni emazuva ano mumunda weecology.
Ehe, ivo vese vane zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, asi turbocharging ndiyo mhinduro yeramangwana.
Zvisinei, kune vanoda zvechivanhu, marambi emugero haasati adzima. Mamwe makambani (seMazda kana Aston Martin) haasi kusiya mainjini anodiwa uye ari kugara achishanda pamatekinoroji anogona kukwikwidza neturbocharging.
