Biodiesel. Nhanho inodiwa mune ramangwana

Chii chinonzi biodiesel yakagadzirwa?

Biodiesel ishamwari yezvakatipoteredza, imwe mafuta inogona kugadzirwa kubva mudzimba, inogona kudzokororwa masosi sesoya bean, rapeseed kana mafuta emichero, pamwe nemafuta emhuka. Biodiesel haina petroleum, asi inogona kusanganiswa nemhando ipi neipi yemafuta edhiziri. Mablends e20% biodiesel uye 80% dhiziri mafuta anogona kushandiswa munenge marudzi ese ekuisa dhiziri. Iyi misanganiswa yakaderera kazhinji haidi chero zvigadziriso zveinjini (kunze kwemasefa emafuta, hosi dzemafuta uye zvisimbiso pane mamwe maenjini edhiziri akare), asi misanganiswa ine chikamu chepamusoro chemafuta ebiofuel (kusanganisira pure biodiesel) anenge atoda kugadziridzwa kudiki.

Biodiesel iri nyore kushandisa, biodegradable, ine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye haina chero sarufa kana aromatics.

Iyo chiyero cheEuropean EN 14214 inoonekwa seyakanyanya pasi rose mwero werudzi rwemafuta ari mubvunzo. Maererano naye, kuumbwa kwebiodiesel kunosanganisira:

1. Muriwo (chibage, soya bhinzi, rapeseed, sunflower) kana mafuta emhuka. Kushandiswa kwemafuta emichindwe nepeanut hakugamuchirwi, sezvo biodiesel yakawanikwa kubva kwavari haina kukodzera semafuta edhiziri echando.
2. Triglycerides.
3. Monoalkyl esters kana methyl esters yemafuta acids.
4. Doro (ethanol kana isopropanol; muhuwandu hushoma, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo, methanol inoshandiswawo).
5. Zviwedzerwa zvisingadzivisiki nenzira yezvidziviriro - tertiary butylhydroquinone, dimethylpolysiloxane kana citric acid, iyo inogara ichiwanikwa mumafuta emhuka. Izvo hazvina kukanganisa kunaka kwebiodiesel.

Technology tekugadzira

Biodiesel inogona kugadzirwa kubva kutsva kana kushandiswa mafuta emiriwo nemafuta emhuka. Biodiesel kugadzira matekinoroji akasiyana. Mafuta nemafuta zvinosefa uye zvinogadzikwa kuti zvibvise mvura netsvina. Mushure mokunge mafuta akagadzirwa nemafuta anosanganiswa nedoro uye chinokonzera. Mamorekuru emafuta anoputsika uye anoshanduka kuita methyl esters uye glycerol, ayo anobva apatsanurwa kubva kune mumwe nekucheneswa.

Danho rakanyanya kuoma pakuwana biofuel kupatsanurwa kwemamorekuru echeni-refu ane fatty acid akabatana ne glycerol molecule. Munguva iyi, catalyst (alkali) inoshandiswa, iyo inopwanya glycerol molecules uye inobatanidza imwe neimwe yemafuta acid maketani newaini molecule. Mhedzisiro ndeye kusikwa kwe monoalkyl kana ethyl esters, kana esters yemafuta acids. Munguva iyi - kufarira - glycerol inonyura pasi uye inobviswa.

Inenge hafu yekugadzirwa kwebiodiesel mafuta inogona kushandisa chero hydrocarbon feedstock ine mafuta, kunyange yakagadziriswa lubricant nemuriwo kana organic components. Imwe hafu inogadzira biodiesel chete kubva kumafuta emiriwo. Oiri yesoya bhinzi ndiyo inonyanya kutevedzana iyi: kune kuwandisa kwayo munyika, uye kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kunobatsira kudzikira kwemutengo wemafuta aya. Mutengo webiodiesel parita - kubva pa50 kusvika ku100 rubles.

Nzira yekuita biodiesel kumba?

Sarudzo iri nyore ndeyekusanganisa mafuta emuriwo nedhiziri yenguva dzose, yakaonda kana peturu. Musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana unoshandiswa, kubva pa10% mafuta emuriwo uye 90% petroleum zvigadzirwa kusvika diametrically yakatarisana zviyero. Mafuta emiriwo anofanira kupiswa asati asanganiswa, ipapo viscosity yayo ichaderera, uye kusanganiswa kuchakurumidza.

Mumapepanhau uye panzvimbo dzakakosha, unogona kuverenga mazano e "mhizha" pamusoro pekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvakadai se turpentine, naphthalene, xylene kana unleaded peturu. Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezve mhedzisiro yezvinowedzera izvi pakupisa hunhu hwemafuta kana mhedzisiro yavo yenguva refu painjini.

Imwe nzira inogamuchirwa ndeyekugadzirwa kwebiodiesel kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwemakemikari anodiwa, kunyanya sezvo zvikamu zvikuru - doro, alkali, glycerin - zvinogona kutengwa nyore muzvitoro.

Maitiro ekugadzira biodiesel kumba ndeaya anotevera:

1. Gadzirira chigadziko chakajeka chine vhoriyamu ye2 litres epurasitiki inodzivirira kemikari ine chivharo chakasimba.
2. Lita remafuta matsva emuriwo, akapisa kusvika ku55⁰C, dururira mumudziyo uye usanganise ne 200 ml yedoro uchishandisa blender. Kusanganiswa kunofanira kuitwa mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri.
3. Nyatsodururira mu catalyst - potassium hydroxide (zviri nani) kana sodium, muhuwandu hwe5 g. (yeKOH) kana 3,5 g (yeNaOH) pa1 litre. Iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera doro uye catalyst uchishandisa akasiyana funnels.
4. Vhara chigadziko chacho zvakasimba uye wochipuruzira mundege yakatsetseka 5-6 nguva kuti ikurumidze kuita maitiro. Alkali dissolution inogona kugara kubva kumaminitsi gumi nemashanu (yeKOH) kusvika kumaawa masere (yeNaOH).
5. Mushure mekupera kwekuita, unofanirwa kumirira mamwe maawa 12-20 kusvikira sediment ichiunganidza pasi pemudziyo. Inofanira kunyatsobviswa.

Biodiesel yakabikwa mumafuta matsva ine chiedza chero ruvara. Imwe huwandu hwehuturu haizonyanya kukanganisa kunaka kwemafuta.

Biodiesel