British Strategic Aviation kusvika 1945 chikamu 3
Mukupera kwa1943, iyo Halifax (pamufananidzo) uye Stirling inorema mabhomba akabviswa kubva mukurwisa kwemhepo kuGermany nekuda kwekurasikirwa kukuru.
Kunyange zvazvo A. M. Harris, nokuda kwetsigiro yoMutungamiriri weNyika, aigona kutarira kunguva yemberi nechivimbo apo kunouya kukuwedzerwa kweBomber Command, zvirokwazvo aisagona kuva akadzikama kudaro pakurangarira budiriro yake mundima yebasa rokushanda. Pasinei nekuunzwa kweGee radio navigation system uye mazano ekuishandisa, mabhomba ehusiku aive achiri "mamiriro ekunze akanaka" uye "nyore chinangwa" kuumbwa nekutadza kuviri kana katatu pakubudirira.
Mwedzi waingogona kuverengwa pamazuva mashoma pamwedzi uye waifarira varwi veusiku vanonyanya kushanda. Mamiriro ekunze aive lottery uye "nyore" zvinangwa kazhinji hazvina basa. Zvakanga zvakafanira kutsvaga nzira dzaizoita kuti kubhomba kubudirire. Masayendisiti munyika akashanda nguva dzese, asi zvaive zvakafanira kumirira zvishandiso zvinotevera zvinotsigira kufamba. Kubatana kwese kwaifanirwa kuve kwakashongedzerwa neiyo G system, asi nguva yebasa rayo rinoshanda, zvirinani pamusoro peGermany, yaisvika kumagumo zvisingaite. Mhinduro yaifanira kutsvakwa neimwe nzira.
Kuumbwa kwePathfinder Force munaKurume 1942 kubva pamvumo yake kwakavhiringidza imwe chiyero mundege inobhomba - kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, vamwe vashandi vaifanira kuve vakashongedzerwa zviri nani, izvo zvakavabvumira kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani. Izvi zvamazvirokwazvo zvakataura zvichitsigira chokwadi chokuti vashandi vane ruzivo kana kuti vanogona zvikuru vanofanira kutungamira uye kutsigira boka guru revarume ve "middle class". Yakanga iri nzira ine musoro uye yairatidzika kuva inozviratidza yega. Zvinocherechedzwa kuti kubvira pakutanga kweblitz, maGerman akaita izvo chaizvo, avo vakapawo vashandi ava zvishandiso zvekufambisa; zviito zve "vatungamiri" izvi zvakawedzera kushanda kwemasimba makuru. MaBritish akatarisana nepfungwa iyi zvakasiyana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Chekutanga, vanga vasina chero rubatsiro rwekufambisa kare. Pamusoro pazvo, vanoita sekunge vakaodzwa mwoyo nepfungwa iyi - mukurwisa kwavo kwekutanga "kwehurumende" kuMannheim muna Zvita 1940, vakafunga kutumira vamwe vashandi vane ruzivo mberi kuti vatange moto pakati peguta uye kunanga vamwe vese. masimba. Mamiriro ekunze uye kuoneka zvaive zvakanaka, asi havasi vese vevashandi ava vakakwanisa kudonhedza mitoro yavo munzvimbo chaiyo, uye kuverenga kwemasimba makuru kwakarairwa kudzima moto wakakonzerwa ne "gunners" vasina kutanga muhondo. panzvimbo chaipo uye kupambwa kwese kwakapararira. Zvakawanikwa pakurwiswa uku hazvina kukurudzira.
Pamusoro pezvo, pakutanga sarudzo dzakadaro dzaisafarira nzira dzekuita - sezvo vashandi vakapihwa maawa mana kuti vapedze kupamba, moto uri panzvimbo yakanaka waigona kudzimwa kusati kwaonekwa mamwe masvomhu pamusoro pechinangwa chekushandisa kana kusimbisa. . Zvakare, kunyangwe Royal Air Force, semamwe mauto ese emhepo ari pasirese, vaive vepamusoro munzira yavo, kunyanya mushure meHondo yeBritain, vaive vakaenzana mukati memapoka avo - iyo hurongwa hwemauto ehondo haina kurimwa, uye ipapo. chivimbo mune pfungwa ye "elite squadrons" yakanga isiri. Uku kungave kurwiswa kwemweya wakafanana uye kuparadza kubatana nekugadzira vanhu kubva kune "vakasarudzwa". Pasinei neizvi, manzwi ainzwika nguva nenguva kuti mitoo yeunyanzvi yaigona kungovandudzwa nekugadzira boka chairo revatyairi vendege vane ruzivo rwebasa iri, sezvakadavirwa naLord Cherwell munaSeptember 1941.
Izvi zvaiita senge nzira inonzwisisika, sezvo zvaive pachena kuti boka rakadaro revatyairi vane ruzivo, kunyange kutanga kubva pakutanga, raizopedzisira rawana chimwe chinhu pakupedzisira, kana chete nekuti vaizozviita nguva dzese uye vangangoziva kuti chii chaive. kuita zvisizvo - muzvikwata zvakadaro ruzivo rwaizounganidzwa uye kukura kweorganic kwaizobhadhara. Nekune rimwe divi, kutora vashandi vakati wandei vane ruzivo nguva nenguva uye nekuvaisa pamberi kwaive kutambisa ruzivo rwavangadai vakawana. Mutsara wemafungiro aya wakasvika pakutsigirwa zvakasimba neMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weAir Ministry weBomber Operations, Captain General Bufton, aive mukuru ane ruzivo rwakakura rwehondo kubva muhondo yepasirese iyi kwete yakapfuura. Pakare munaKurume 1942, akakurudzira kuna AM Harris kuti zvikwata zvitanhatu zvakadaro zvigadzirwe zvakanangana nebasa re "vatungamiri". Akatenda kuti basa racho rakanga riri rokukurumidzira uye naizvozvo makumi mana evashandi vakanakisisa kubva kuBomber Command yose inofanira kugoverwa kune zvikamu izvi, izvo zvingasava kuderera kwemasimba makuru, nokuti boka rimwe nerimwe raizopa boka rimwe chete. G/Cpt Bufton aitsoropodzawo pachena kurongeka kwekuumbwa kwekusasimudzira zvirongwa zvepasi kana kuaendesa kunzvimbo yakakodzera kwaanogona kuongororwa. Akawedzerawo kuti, pachake, akaita bvunzo pakati pevakuru vakasiyana-siyana nevashandi uye kuti pfungwa yake yakawana rutsigiro rwakasimba.
A. M. Harris, sevatungamiri veboka rake rose, aipikisa zvikuru pfungwa iyi - aitenda kuti kusikwa kwemauto epamusoro akadaro kwaizova nemigumisiro yakaipa pamasimba makuru, uye akawedzera kuti aifadzwa nemigumisiro yazvino. Mukupindura, G/Cpt Bufton akaita nharo dzakawanda dzakasimba dzekuti mhedzisiro yacho yaiodza moyo uye yaive mhedzisiro yekushaikwa kwezvakanaka "chinangwa" muchikamu chekutanga chekurwisa. Akawedzera kuti kuramba kusingabudiriri chinhu chikuru chinoodza mwoyo.
Pasina kupinda mune mamwe mashoko ekurukurirano iyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti A. M. Harris pachake, uyo pasina mubvunzo aiva neunhu hunogumbura uye chido chekupenda, haana kutenda zvizere mumashoko akataurwa kuna Mr. Captain Bafton. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekurudziro yake yakasiyana-siyana inotumirwa kuvatungamiriri veboka nekuda kwekusaita zvakanaka kwevashandi vavo, uye chinzvimbo chake chakasimba chekuisa mundege imwe neimwe kamera isinganzwisisike yekubhururuka pakati pevashandi kuitira kumanikidza vatyairi kuti vaite basa ravo nekushingaira uye kamwe chete uye. nokuti vose vanogumisa "decutors" . A. M. Harris akatoronga kushandura mutemo wekuverenga mafambiro ehondo kuenda kune imwe umo mhando dzakawanda dzaizofanira kuverengerwa pahwaro hweuchapupu hwemifananidzo. Vatungamiri veboka pachavo vaiziva nezvematambudziko ekuumbwa, izvo zvisina kupera sekunge nemashiripiti nekuuya kwaGee. Zvese izvi vakataura vachifarira kutevedzera rairo uye pfungwa yeG/kapt Bafton. Vanopikisa sarudzo yakadaro, inotungamirirwa naA. M. Harris, vakatsvaga zvikonzero zvose zvingaita kuti vasagadzira kuumbwa kutsva kwe "vatungamiri", - zvitsva zvakawedzerwa kumakakatanwa ekare: chirevo chehafu-nhanho nenzira yekugadza iyo yakarongeka. basa re "air raid gunners", kusakwana kwemichina yakasiyana-siyana yemabasa akadaro, uye, pakupedzisira, chirevo chokuti hurongwa hunogona kunge huchinyanya kushanda - nei angave nyanzvi yepfuti aizomuona mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
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