British Expeditionary Force muFrance muna 1940.

Anti-tank pfuti pfuti panguva imwe yeBritish Expeditionary Force yekudzidzira pamberi pekurwiswa kweGerman muna Chivabvu 1940.

Britain neFrance dzaitarisira kuti mauto muHondo Yenyika II aizofanana neaya a1914–1918. Zvakafanotaurwa kuti padanho rekutanga pachave nehondo yekutsakatisa, uye gare gare veAllies vaizokwanisa kuburitsa nzira yekurwisa iyo yaizotambanuka kwemwedzi yakawanda. Mukuita kudaro, vaifanira kutarisana nezviito zvokukurumidzira zvokufambisa. Mumwe wevakatanga kuurayiwa aive mauto eBritish expeditionary, "akadzvanywa" kubva mukondinendi mushure memavhiki matatu ekurwa.

Hondo yeBritish Expeditionary Force (BEF) yakagadzirwa musi waGunyana 1, 1939 mushure mekupinda kweGerman muPoland, asi haina kubva kubva pakutanga. Kupinda kweItaly kuEthiopia, kusimuka kweWehrmacht uye kudzoreredzwa kweRhineland neGermany kwakajekesa kuti hurongwa hweVersailles hwakanga hwasvika kumagumo. Mauto eGermany akanga achikurumidza kumutsidzira, uye kuwirirana pakati peFrance neGreat Britain kwakanga kusingadzivisiki. Pana April 15-16, 1936, vamiririri vevakuru vakuru vemasimba ose ari maviri vakaita hurukuro muLondon. Heino kutsauka kudiki.

Panguva iyoyo, French Major General weHondo neBritish Imperial General Staff vakashanda seMutungamiriri Wepamusoro weMauto Mauto. Vafambisi vengarava vaive nedzimbahwe ravo, État-major de la Marine kuFrance neAdmiralty Naval Staff, mukuwedzera, kuUK vaive pasi pemamwe hushumiri, Hofisi yeHondo neAdmiralty (muFrance maive neimwe, Ministre de la Défense Nationale et de la Guerre, kureva kudzivirira kwenyika uye hondo). Nyika mbiri idzi dzaive nemahofisi makuru emauto emuchadenga akazvimirira, kuFrance État-Major de l'Armée de l'Air, uye kuUK muzinda wemauto emuchadenga (ari pasi peAir Ministry). Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakanga pasina mahofisi makuru akabatanidzwa pamusoro wemauto ose ane zvombo. Zvisinei, yakanga iri muzinda wemauto epasi ayo ainyanya kukosha munyaya iyi, kureva, maererano nekushanda kwekondinendi.

Masoja eBritish ane French 1934 mm Hotchkiss mle 25 anti-tank pfuti, iyo yainyanya kushandiswa nebrigade anti-tank makambani.

Mhedzisiro yezvibvumirano yaive chibvumirano maererano neiyo Great Britain, muchiitiko chehondo neGermany, yaizotumira nyika yayo inopesana uye inotsigira ndege kuFrance. Mutsara wepasi waifanira kunge uri pasi pekutonga kwekushanda kwemurairo weFrance pamusoro pevhu, nepo mutungamiriri weBritish aipikisa mumakakatanwa, muzviitiko zvakanyanya, aive nekodzero yekukwidza chisarudzo chemukuru wake weFrance kuhurumende yeBritish. The air contingent yaive yekuita panzvimbo yekuraira kweBritish contingent, ichishanda pasi payo, kunyangwe mutungamiriri wechikamu chemhepo aive nekodzero yekukwidza kumahofisi makuru emhepo sarudzo dzekushanda kwemukuru weBritish land muFrance. Kune rumwe rutivi, yakanga isiri pasi pekutonga kweFrench Armée de l'Air. Muna May 1936, magwaro akasainwa akatsinhaniswa neBritish Embassy muParis.

Panyaya yekushanda mumakungwa nemumakungwa, mahofisi makuru maviri emugungwa akazobvumirana kuti North Sea, Atlantic neEastern Mediterranean zvaizoendeswa kuRoyal Navy, uye Bay of Biscay neWestern Mediterranean kuenda kuNational Marines. Kubva panguva iyo chibvumirano ichi chakasvika, mauto maviri aya akatanga kuchinjana mamwe edziviriro ruzivo kune mumwe nemumwe. Somuenzaniso, British Defense Attaché, Colonel Frederick G. Beaumont-Nesbitt, ndiye akanga ari mutorwa wokutanga kuratidzwa masvingo ari pedyo neMaginot Line. Nekudaro, ruzivo rwezvirongwa zvekudzivirira haruna kuburitswa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange zvakadaro, maFrench akanga akasimba zvakakwana kuti adzore kurwiswa kweGermany, uye maBritish aifanira kutsigira kuedza kwekudzivirira kweBelgian munharaunda yayo, achisiya kurwisana muFrance kuFrance chete. Idi rokuti Germany yaizorwisa kupfurikidza neBelgium, somuHondo Yenyika I, yakatorwa senhando.

Muna 1937, Gurukota reBritain reHondo Lesley Hore-Belisha akashanyirawo Maginot Line. Mugore iroro, kuchinjana kwehungwaru kuGermany pakati pedzimbahwe remauto reFrance neGreat Britain kwakatanga. Apo, muna Kubvumbi 1938, Munyori weHoret-Belisha akashanyira France kechipiri, pamusangano naGeneral Maurice Gamelin, akanzwa kuti maBritish aifanira kutumira boka rine michina kuti ribatsire Belgium, iyo yakanga isina mauto ayo ezvombo.

Kunze kwezviziviso zvezvematongerwo enyika zvehondo yakabatana neGermany, kunyatsoronga mauto hakuna kutanga kusvika 1938 semugumisiro weMunich Crisis. Munguva yedambudziko, General Gamelin akauya kuLondon kuzotaura kuti France yakanga ichironga zviito zvinogumbura pamusoro peGermany muchiitiko chekurwiswa neCzechoslovakia, kuitira kuti ibvise dambudziko rekudzivirira kweCzechoslovak. Munguva yechando, mauto aifanira kubva kuseri kweMaginot Line, uye muchirimo kuti aende kunorwisa Italy, kana akabuda parutivi rweGermany. Gamelin akakoka Great Britain kuti itsigire zviito izvi iri yega. Chikumbiro ichi chakashamisa maBritish, uyo kusvika zvino aitenda kuti pakaitika kurwisa kweGerman, France yaizovhara seri kwenhare uye haizotora chero chinhu chinogumbura. Zvisinei, sezvamunoziva, hondo yekudzivirira Czechoslovakia haina kuitika uye chirongwa ichi hachina kuitwa. Zvisinei, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akava akakomba zvikuru zvokuti kwakasarudzwa kuti yakanga yava nguva yokutanga kuronga nokugadzirira kwakadzama.

Pakupera kwa1938, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemukuru wekuronga weHofisi yeHondo, Major General, nhaurirano dzakatanga pamusoro pehukuru uye kuumbwa kwemauto eBritish. Leonard A. Howes. Sezvineiwo, pfungwa yekutumira mauto kuFrance yaive nevashori vazhinji muGreat Britain uye saka sarudzo yezvikwata zvekutumira kuKondinendi yakanga yakaoma. Muna January 1939, kurukurirano dzevashandi dzakatangazve, nguva ino kurukurirano youdzame yakanga yatotanga. Musi wa22 Kukadzi, hurumende yeBritain yakatendera hurongwa hwekutumira zvikamu zvishanu zvenguva dzose, chikamu chenhare (chikamu chehondo) uye zvikamu zvina zvematunhu kuFrance. Gare gare, sezvo Panzer Division yakanga isati yagadzirira kuita, yakatsiviwa ne1th Territorial Division, uye 10st DPAN pachayo yakatanga kurodha muFrance mushure mekutanga kushanda kwaMay 1940, XNUMX.

Kwakanga kusati kwasvika kutanga kwa1939 kuti vaFrance vakaudza Britain zviri pamutemo hurongwa hwavo hwekuzvidzivirira kuGermany uye kuti vakaona sei basa reBritish muzvirongwa izvozvo. Nhaurirano dzevashandi dzakazotevera uye zvibvumirano zvakaitika kubva munaKurume 29 kusvika Kubvumbi 5, pakupera kwaApril naMay, uye, pakupedzisira, kubva Nyamavhuvhu 28 kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 31, 1939. Zvakabva zvabvumiranwa kuti British Expeditionary Force yaizosvika sei uye kunzvimbo dzipi. Great Britain ine zviteshi kubva kuSt. Nazaire kuenda kuLe Havre.

Mauto eBritish panguva yehondo aive nehunyanzvi, aine vakazvimirira vaizvipira kwavari. Zvisinei, musi waMay 26, 1939, pakukumbirwa neGurukota reHondo kuHore-Belish, Paramende yeBritain yakadzika mutemo weNational Training Act, uyo varume vane makore ari pakati pe20 ne21 vaigona kushevedzwa kuti vazonodzidziswa chiuto kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Vakabva vatama vachienda kuactive reserve. Izvi zvaive nekuda kwezvirongwa zvekuwedzera mauto epasi kusvika ku6 divisions, mazhinji acho aifanira kunge ari kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo, i.e. kuve nevanodzivirira uye vanozvipira munguva yehondo, vakaumbwa kana paine kuunganidzwa kwemauto. Nekuda kweizvi, zvakakwanisika kutanga kudzidzisa vanhu vakadzidziswa zvenguva yehondo.

Vekutanga varwi vakanga vasati vapedza kudzidziswa kwavo apo, musi wa3 Gunyana 1939, mushure mekunge Britain yapinda muhondo, Paramende yakapasisa mutemo weNational Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939, wakaita kuti basa rechiuto rimanikidzirwe varume vose vane makore ari pakati pe18 ne41. avo vaive vagari veGreat Britain uye vanovimba. Zvakadaro, mauto Britain akakwanisa kuendesa kuKondinendi aive madiki kana achienzaniswa nemauto eFrance. Pakutanga, mapoka mana akatamisirwa kuFrance, ipapo mamwe matanhatu akawedzerwa pakasvika May 1940. Mukuwedzera, mafekitari matsva matanhatu ezvombo akanga avhurwa muBritain pakatanga hondo.