Vatakuri vevashandi vezvombo M2, M3 / M5 / M9

Vatakuri vevashandi vane zvombo M2, M3/M5/M9 Half-track Mota M2 Half-track Mota M2A1 Half-track Vashandi Vanotakura M3 Half-track Vashandi Vanotakura M5 Half-track Mota M9 Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, indasitiri yeUS yakabudisa nhamba huru yevatakuri vezvombo zvehafu-track - vanopfuura 41 zviuru. Vatakuri vevashandi vezvombo vakagadzirwa vaive neakaenzana maitiro uye aive emhando ina huru: M2, M3, M5 uye M9. Nhepfenyuro imwe neimwe yakanga ine gadziridzo dzinoverengeka. Michina yese yakagadzirwa nekushandiswa kwakakura kwemayuniti emotokari, yaive nehuremu hwematani 8-9 uye inorema inokwana matani 1,5. Mungoro yavo yepasi yaishandisa njanji dzerabha dzine simbi inosimbisa, mavhiri emugwagwa madiki-diameter uye ekisero yekumberi ine kutyaira uye. mavhiri. Kuti vawedzere kugona kuyambuka-nyika, vaive vakashongedzerwa nemawinji ekuzvidzoreredza. Mawinji aityairwa neinjini. Imba yezvombo yakavhurika kubva kumusoro, mahwendefa ezvombo aive asina kutsetseka. Iyo yekumberi yezvombo ndiro yejongwe, yakashongedzerwa nekuona slots, sekutonga, yaigona kupetwa kumusoro uye kugadzikwa yakatwasuka pane racks. Pakupinda nekubuda kwevashandi nekudzika, pakanga paine magonhi maviri muimba yevatyairi uye rimwe gonhi mundiro yezvombo yekumashure. Zvombo, sekutonga, zvaisanganisira imwe 12,7-mm muchina pfuti akaiswa pamusoro turret pedyo mutyairi cab, uyewo imwe 7,62-mm muchina pfuti padivi rezvombo ndiro. Half-track armored vashandi vatakuri vakazviratidza ivo pachavo uye nyore uye yakavimbika mota. Zvavakashata zvaive zvisina kukwana maneuverability panzvimbo yakaoma uye kusabudirira gadziriro yekudzivirira kwezvombo. M2 semi-yakateedzera conveyor Mutakuri wevashandi veM2, yaive kuvandudzwa kweT14, yaive neWhite 160AX injini, ukuwo T14 yaive neWhite 20A injini ine misoro yakaita L. Iyo White 160AX injini yakasarudzwa kubva kumhando nhatu dzeinjini kunyanya kuvimbika kwayo kwakasiyana. Kurerutsa dhizaini yemuchina, ekisero yekumberi uye chidhiraivho zvinogadzirwa zvakangofanana nezviri parori. Iko kutapurirana kune kumhanya shanu - ina mberi uye imwe reverse. Chidhiraivho chiri kuruboshwe. Kumiswa kwemashure - Timken 56410-BX-67 ine rubber track. Mhuka ndeye rubber casting, yakagadzirwa pane armature muchimiro chetambo uye yakashongedzerwa nemadhairekitori esimbi. Mumugwagwa mukuru, M2 yakakurumidza kusvika ku72 km / h, kunyange zvazvo kunze kwemugwagwa yakafamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Mamiriro emota akateedzerwa anowanzo fanana nemagadzirirwo eiyo mavhiri M3A1 Scout Mota. Kazhinji vanhu gumi vanoiswa kumashure - vatatu pamberi uye vanomwe kumashure. Iyo control compartment ine zvimwe zvigaro zviviri, yeruboshwe yemutyairi uye yekurudyi yemutakuri. Pakati pezvigaro zviviri zvakanyanyisa zvemberi, chimwe chigaro chinoiswa neshift back. Kurudyi nekuruboshwe kwechigaro ichi kune mabhokisi makuru ekutakura zvinhu. Chigaro chepakati chakaiswa chinenge hafu pasi pehurefu hwemuchina. Zvivharo zvemabhokisi emitoro zvinogadzirwa zvine hinged, nekuwedzera, kupinda kune hunde kunogona kuitiswa kuburikidza nehachi mumadziro ehull. Kuseri kwezvigaro zvekurudyi nekuruboshwe kune matangi maviri emafuta makuru. Matangi akagadzirwa nesimbi yakajairwa, asi akashongedzerwa nerabha inosimbisa yega kana yarohwa nemabara. Iyo huru yezvombo inosungirirwa pane njanji inotungamira iyo inomhanya pamucheto wemukati wepamusoro wemadziro emuviri. Zviri pamutemo, mota yaive yakashongedzerwa neimwe 12,7 mm muchina pfuti uye imwe 7,62 mm muchina pfuti. Kumberi, vashandi vakapakata zvombo vatakuri vezvombo zvekugona kwavo kugona uye nekugona kwavo. Kuwedzera kune njanji, pfuti yemuchina yaive yakaiswa pa turret yakaiswa pamberi pechigaro chepakati chepamberi. Mutumbi wemotokari wakagadzirwa nemahwendefa ezvombo akakungurutswa ane ukobvu hwe6,3 mm. Mahwendefa ezvombo anosungirirwa kune simbi furemu ine oval-headed bolts. Ukobvu hwemaflaps mundiro yekumberi yezvombo zvemuviri ndeye 12,5 mm. Kuti uwane kumota mumativi emuviri, munzvimbo yenzvimbo yekudzora, magonhi emhando yemotokari anogadzirwa. Kudzika nekuchera kunoitwawo kuburikidza nepamusoro pemadziro emuviri. Magonhi kumashure kwechikepe haagone kuitwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwenjanji inotungamira yepfuti. Mundiro yezvombo yekumberi yemuviri, mune network yemagonhi maviri ane zvombo anotsamira pamahinji kuti avandudze kuoneka kubva mukombi. Nzvimbo dzakatetepa dzekutarisa dzakarongedzerwa mumachira, ayo, zvakare, akavharwa nemavharuvhu. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemagonhi dzinoitwa kupeta kuti dziwedzere kuonekwa. Radiator yakafukidzwa nemapofu ezvombo akaiswa pamberi pemadziro ehood. Mapofu anotenderera. Kugadzirwa kweSerial kweM2 armored vashandi vatakuri kwakatanga muchirimo cha1941 uye kwakaenderera kusvika pakupera kwa1943. Huwandu hwe11415 M2 vatakuri vezvombo zvehondo vakagadzirwa. White Motors uye Autocar, mafemu maviri, akabatanidzwa mukuvaka serial kweM2 hafu-track yevatakuri vezvombo. Kambani yeWhite yakaendesa mota 8423 kumutengi, iyo Autocar kambani - 2992. Pakutanga, motokari dzeM2 dzakarongwa kuti dzishandiswe sematirakita ezvombo uye kutakura zvombo. Kugona kushoma kwemotokari - vanhu gumi - havana kubvumira mutakuri wevashandi vezvombo kuti atakure boka rese revarwi. Nekuuya kwevatakuri vezvombo, shanduko dzakaitwa kumaitiro ezviito zveAmerican "armored infantry", mota dzeM2 dzakatanga kushandiswa kutakura boka repfuti yemuchina, uye pamberi pekuuya kweM8 mota dzakashongedzerwa, muzvikamu zvekuzivikanwa. . M2A1 semi-yakateedzera zvombo zvevashandi mutakuri Iyo njanji-inotungamira pasi pezvombo mumamiriro ekurwa yakave isingaite. PaM2E6 prototype, panzvimbo yenjanji, iyo M32 annular turret yakaiswa, iyo yakashandiswa pamarori ehondo. Iyo turret yakaiswa pamusoro pechigaro chemberi chekurudyi mukamuri yekudzora. Ipapo kwakauya yakagadziridzwa ring machine gun turret M49, iyo yakazobvisa dambudziko renjanji. Pfuti dzemuchina mbiri dzakaiswa paM49 turret kamwechete - imwe 12,7-mm caliber uye imwe 7,62-mm caliber. Mutakuri wevashandi ane annular muchina-pfuti akasarudzwa M2A1. Seri yekugadzirwa kweM2А1 michina yakaitwa kubva pakupera kwa1943 kusvika pakupera kwa1944. White uye Avtokar vakapa 1643 М2А1 hafu-track mota. MuM2A1 vhezheni, zviuru zvishanu zvakambovakwa M5000s zvakagadziridzwa. Half-track armored staff carrier MZ Iyo M3 yakashongedzerwa yevashandi inotakura inotaridzika yakafanana neyakatangira M2. Mheto dzemberi dzemichina iyi, kusanganisira makamuri ekudzora, dzakangofanana. Iyo M3 yakati rebei zvishoma pane M2. Mumativi emutumbi weM3 hamuna mabheji emukwende, sezvakanga zvakaita M2. Mukati, iyo M3 yakasiyana chaizvo neM2. Muchikamu chekutonga, chigaro chepakati chinoendeswa mberi, maererano nemutyairi uye zvigaro zvevatakuri. Matangi emafuta anofambiswawo kumberi kwaive nemidziyo yekutakura paM2. Pakati, yakadzokera shure, chigaro chiri kumashure chinobviswa. Panzvimbo pechigaro, pedestal yakavakirwa muchina-pfuti turret; iyo turret inopa kuisirwa imwe 12,7-mm kana 7,62-mm pfuti yemuchina. Mumuviri, kudivi rega rega, kune zvigaro zvishanu, zvakatarisana neakisi refu yemuchina. Zvikamu zvekutakura zvakarongwa pasi pezvigaro. Sezvo iyo M3 yakatanga kugadzirwa semutakuri wevacheche, gonhi rakagadzirwa kumadziro ekumashure kwemuviri. Kuseri kwezvigaro zvitatu zvekumashure kudivi rega rega kune nzvimbo yekuchengetera pfuti. Kuvandudza kugona kuyambuka-nyika kuyambuka nzvimbo yakaoma kwazvo, roller inosungirirwa kune bumper yeM3 armored mota. Panzvimbo ye roller, zvinokwanisika kukwidza winch, yakagadzirirwa kunyanya kuzvidhonza kwemuchina. Seri yekugadzirwa kwehafu-track MZ yakaitwa muna 1941 -1943 neWhite, Avtokar uye Diamond T. Zvose zve12499 motokari dzakavakwa, dzimwe dzacho dzakagadziridzwa kuM3A1 version. Kunyange zvazvo M3 yakatakura vashandi vezvombo yakanga yakagadzirirwa kutakura chikwata chevacheche, yakashandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kufanana neM2, maM3s akashanda sematirakita ezvombo uye vatakuri vezvombo, nepo M3s dzaishandiswa sema ambulensi, kuraira uye kutonga motokari, uye kugadzirisa motokari. Uye zvakare, pahwaro hweiyo yekutanga vhezheni yeM3, dzinoverengeka dzezvakasarudzika sarudzo dzakagadzirwa. M3A1 Sezvakaita M2, iyo chombo chekuisa hurongwa yakaratidza kusakwana. Nekuda kwe "zvinodikanwa zvemberi", muchina wekuyedza M2E6 wakaonekwa, wakashongedzerwa neM49 turret, yakafanana neiyo M2A1. Zvine musoro kuti iyo M3 yakashongedzwa yevashandi inotakura ine M49 mhete turret yakatanga kudomwa M3A1. Kugadzirwa kweseri kwakaenderera mberi muna 1943-1944 neWhite, Autocar neDiamond T, huwandu hwe2862 mota dzakavakwa. Huwandu hukuru hweM3 dzakambovakwa dzakakwidziridzwa kusvika paM1A2 level. M3A2 Pakatanga 1943, Dhipatimendi reArmaments rakaedza kubatanidza michina yeM2 neM3 kuita shanduro imwechete. Iyo prototype yakasarudzwa T29. Motokari yakagadzirirwa kuongororwa muchirimo cha1943. Muna Gumiguru, yakakurudzirwa kugadzirwa kwe serial pasi pezita rokuti M3A2. Zvisinei, panguva ino kudiwa kwehafu-yakatevedzwa motokari dzehondo dzakanga dzarasikirwa nekukurumidzira, saka kugadzirwa kwe serial kweM3A2 hakuna kumbotangwa. Musiyano mukuru wekunze pakati peM3A2 neM3A1 kwaive kuvepo kwenhovo yakashongedzwa ye annular bullet turret. Zvaikwanisika kukurumidza kubvisa zvigaro kubva pamuviri. M9 semi-yakateedzerwa mota yezvombo uye M5 semi-yakatevedzwa yakarongedzerwa vashandi vanotakura Mushure mekunge US yapinda muhondo, chikonzero chiri pamutemo chaive kurwiswa kweJapan paPearl Harbor, Washington yakatanga kuita chirongwa che "Arsenal of Democracy" kuitira kupa vanobatana neUS zvombo nemidziyo yehondo. . Mafemu matatu aiita mukugadzirwa kwevatakuri vevashandi vane zvombo zvehafu-track havana kukwanisa kupa vese vanobatana neUS michina yerudzi urwu. Zvakasarudzwa kuti zvibatanidze International Harvester Company mukugadzirwa, panguva imwe chete iyo yakasarudzwa kupfavisa zvinodiwa zve "kufanana" kwevatakuri vezvombo zvehondo zvakagadzirwa nemakambani akasiyana. Shanduko huru yedhizaini yaive yekutsiviwa kwemahwendefa ezvombo akaomeswa aishandiswa paM2 / M3 vatakuri vevashandi vane homogeneous nhumbi dzokurwa. Aya mahwendefa e5/16-inch makobvu ezvombo aive akaomesesa mabhomba ekupikisa kupfuura kota-inch-yakakora mahwendefa ezvombo akaomeswa. International Harvester Company yakatenderwa kushandisa zvinoverengeka zvepakutanga zvikamu nemagungano, kusanganisira injini, pamichina yekuvakwa kwayo. Misiyano miviri yakabvumidzwa kugadzirwa kweserial - M2E5 uye M3E2, zvichiteerana, yakagamuchira zita M9 uye M5. Pakanga paine misiyano yakawanda yekunze pakati peM9 neM5 michina kubva kune vamwe vavo M2 neM3. Muchina weM9 hauna kusiyana pakureba kubva kuM3 neM5 vatakuri vevashandi vezvombo uye havana kuwana mabheti kumakamuri emitoro pamativi. Michina yese M5 neM9 yaive yakashongedzerwa kazhinji ine flat, uye isina kutenderedzwa (yemotokari mhando), mapapiro. Kusiyana neM2, iyo M9 yaive nemusuwo kumashure kwemuviri. Kunze, iyo M5 neM9 hazvizivikanwe, misiyano yese iri mukati memukati. Zvakafanana neM2 neM3 michina, iyo M5 neM9 michina yakagadziridzwa kuisa iyo M49 mhete muchina pfuti turret. mushure mezvo nx yakatanga kudomwa seM5A1 uye M9A1. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwakakura kwemagadzirirwo kubva kumotokari dzeM2 neM3 dzakatorwa neUS Army, mota dzeM5 neM9 dzakapihwa kune vanobatana sechikamu cheLend-Lease, kunyangwe dzimwe dzadzo dzakaburitswa kumauto eUS. Firm International Harvester Company muna 1942-1944 yakagadzira 11017 michina M5 uye M9, kusanganisira M9 - 2026, M9A1 - 1407, M5 - 4625 uye M5A1 - 2959. M5A2 Muna 1943, Dhipatimendi reArmaments rakaedza kubatanidza mauto eUS Army ane zvombo zvekutakura vashandi. Iyo prototype M31, yaive hybrid yeM5 neM9, yakakurudzirwa kugadzirwa kwakawanda pasi pezita reM5A2. Kugadzirwa kweseri kweM5A2 mota hakuna kutanga nekuda kwekuderera kwekudiwa kwehafu-track yevatakuri vezvombo. Maitiro ekuita Combat uremu 8,6 t Kuyera:   лин 6150 мм Kuwedzera 2200 мм kureba 2300 мм Vashandi + kumhara 2 + 10 vanhu Hondo 1 х 12,7 mm pfuti yemuchina 1 х 7,62 mm pfuti yemuchina Zvombo 700 kutenderera kwe12,7mm 8750 kutenderera kwe7,62mm Kutsvaga:   hull huma 12,1 мм shongwe yehuma 6,3 мм mhando yeinjini carburetor "International" Maximum simba 141hp Maximum speed 68 km / h Simba rekuchengetedza 36 km Sources: M. Baryatinsky vatakuri vevashandi vekuAmerica veHondo Yenyika Yechipiri; GL Kholiavsky. Encyclopedia yezvombo zvezvombo nemidziyo; US Army Half-Track Armored Vehicles [Motokari dzeMauto # 091]; Janda, Patrick (2009). Half-Track Vol. I; RP Hunnicutt Half-Track: A History of American Semi-Tracked Vehicles; Jim Mesko: M3 Half-Track in Action; Steve Zaloga: M3 Infantry Halftrack 1940-1973.