Ramangwana muupfu

Kambani yeSweden VBN Zvikamu inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvichishandisa tekinoroji yekuwedzera vachishandisa poda ine zvekuwedzera, kunyanya maturusi akadai sezvibhorani uye zvigayo zvinocheka. 3D kudhinda tekinoroji inobvisa kudiwa kwekugadzira uye kugadzira, inoderedza mashandisirwo emidziyo, uye inopa vashandisi vekupedzisira sarudzo yakafara yemhando yepamusoro.

Kupihwa kweVBN zvikamu kunosanganisira semuenzaniso. Vibenite 290iyo, maererano nekambani yeSweden, ndiyo simbi yakaoma kupfuura dzose munyika (72 HRC). Nzira yekugadzira Vibenite 290 ndeyokuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuoma kwezvinhu kusvika. Pane imwe nguva zvikamu zvinodiwa zvinodhindwa kubva kune iyi yakasvibirira, hapana imwezve yekugadzirisa kunze kwekukuya kana EDM inodiwa. Hapana kucheka, kugaya kana kuchera kunodiwa. Saka, kambani inogadzira zvikamu zvine zviyero kusvika ku200 x 200 x 380 mm, iyo geometry iyo isingagoni kugadzirwa uchishandisa mamwe matekinoroji ekugadzira.

Simbi haidiwi nguva dzose. Chikwata chekutsvagisa kubva kuHRL Laboratories yakagadzira 3D yekudhinda mhinduro. aluminium alloys nesimba guru. Inonzi nanofunctional nzira. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hunyanzvi hutsva hunosanganisira kushandisa hupfu husina basa kune 3D printa, iyo inozo "sintered" nelaser yakatetepa layer, inotungamira mukukura kwechinhu chine mativi matatu. Munguva yekunyunguduka uye kusimba, izvo zvinokonzeresa zvimiro hazviparadzwe uye zvinochengeta simba razvo rakazara nekuda kweiyo nanoparticles inoshanda se nucleation nzvimbo dzeiyo inotarisirwa microstructure yealloy.

High-simba alloys akadai aruminiyamu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri inorema, avhiyesheni (eg fuselage) tekinoroji uye zvikamu zvemotokari. Iyo tekinoroji nyowani ye nanofunctionalization inovapa kwete chete simba repamusoro, asiwo akasiyana maumbirwo uye saizi.

Kuwedzera pane kubvisa

Mune nzira dzechinyakare dzesimbi, tsvina inobviswa nekugadzira. Iyo yekuwedzera maitiro inoshanda mumashure - inosanganisira kushandisa uye kuwedzera akateedzana akateedzana ezvishoma zvinhu, kugadzira XNUMXD zvikamu zvechero chimiro zvinoenderana nedhijitari modhi.

Kunyangwe tekinoroji iyi yatove kushandiswa zvakanyanya kune ese ari maviri prototyping uye modhi yekukandira, kushandiswa kwayo zvakananga mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu kana zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa kumusika kwave kwakaoma nekuda kwekushomeka kwekuita uye kusagutsa zvinhu zvenyama. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu aya ari kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwebasa revanotsvakurudza munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose.

Kuburikidza nekuedza kunorwadza, matekinoroji maviri ekudhinda kweXNUMXD akavandudzwa: Laser deposition yesimbi (LMD) i kusarudza laser kunyunguduka (ULM). Tekinoroji yeLaser inoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira zvakanyatsonaka uye kuwana yakanaka yemhando yepamusoro, izvo zvisingagoneke ne50D electron beam printing (EBM). MuSLM, poindi yelaser beam inonangidzirwa pahupfu hwezvinhu, ichipinda munharaunda ichiichinjisa zvinoenderana neyakapihwa pateni nekurongeka kwe250 kusvika 3 microns. Nekudaro, LMD inoshandisa laser kugadzira hupfu kugadzira inozvitsigira XNUMXD zvimiro.

Idzi nzira dzakaratidza kuvimbisa zvikuru pakugadzira zvikamu zvendege. uye, kunyanya, kushandiswa kwelaser metal deposition kunowedzera mikana yekugadzira yezvikamu zveaerospace. Zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva kumidziyo ine yakaoma yemukati zvimiro uye gradients zvisingagoneke munguva yakapfuura. Uye zvakare, ese ari maviri matekinoroji e laser anoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira zvigadzirwa zveakaomesesa geometry uye kuwana yakawedzera kushanda kwezvigadzirwa kubva kwakasiyana siyana alloys.

Gunyana rapfuura, Airbus yakazivisa kuti yakanga yagadzirira kugadzira kwayo A350 XWB nekuwedzera kudhinda. titanium bracket, yakagadzirwa neArconic. Uku hakusi kupera, nekuti chibvumirano cheArconic neAirbus chinopa 3D kudhinda kubva titanium-nickel poda. nhengo dzemuviri i propulsion system. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Arconic haishandise laser tekinoroji, asi yayo yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yeEBM yemagetsi arc.

Chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha mukuvandudza matekinoroji ekuwedzera mukushanda kwesimbi ingangove yekutanga-yekutanga prototype yakaunzwa kumahofisi makuru eDutch Damen Shipyards Group mukupera kwa2017. ngarava propeller metal alloy yakatumidzwa zita VAAMpeller. Mushure mekuedzwa kwakakodzera, kwakawanda kwave kutoitika, modhi ine mukana wekubvumidzwa kushandiswa pazvikepe.

Sezvo ramangwana rekugadzira simbi tekinoroji riri musimbi isina hupfu kana alloy zvikamu, zvakakosha kuti uzive vatambi vakuru mumusika uyu. Zvinoenderana ne "Additive Manufacturing Metal Powder Market Report" yakaburitswa muna Mbudzi 2017, vanonyanya kukosha vagadziri ve3D kudhinda simbi hupfu ndeiyi: GKN, Hitachi Chemical, Rio Tinto, ATI Powder Metals, Praxair, Arconic, Sandvik AB, Renishaw, Höganäs AB. , Metaldyne Performance Group, BÖHLER Edelstahl, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Aubert & Duval.

Propeller kudhinda WAAMpeller

Liquid phase

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yesimbi yekuwedzera tekinoroji parizvino inovimba nekushandiswa kwehupfu (iyi ndiyo nzira iyo yambotaurwa vibenite yakagadzirwa) "sintered" uye laser-yakasanganiswa pakudziya kwakanyanya kunodiwa kune yekutanga zvinhu. Zvisinei, pfungwa itsva dziri kubuda. Vatsvagiri kubva kuCryobiomedical Engineering Laboratory yeChinese Academy yeSainzi muBeijing vakagadzira nzira. 3D kudhinda ne "inki", inosanganisira alloy yesimbi ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka zvishoma pamusoro pekushisa kwekamuri. Muchidzidzo chakaburitswa mupepanhau reScience China Technological Sayenzi, vaongorori Liu Jing naWang Lei vanoratidza nzira yekutsikisa mvura-chikamu chegallium, bismuth, kana indium-based alloys pamwe nekuwedzera kwenanoparticles.

Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare simbi prototyping nzira, yemvura-chikamu 3D kudhinda kune akati wandei akakosha mabhenefiti. Kutanga, chiyero chakanyanya chekugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvitatu-dimensional zvinogona kuwanikwa. Uye zvakare, pano iwe unogona zvakanyanya kuchinjika kugadzirisa tembiricha uye kuyerera kweinotonhorera. Mukuwedzera, mvura inofambisa simbi inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nezvinhu zvisiri-metallic (zvakadai sepurasitiki), iyo inowedzera mikana yekugadzira yezvikamu zvakaoma.

Masayendisiti paAmerican Northwestern University akagadzirawo simbi itsva 3D nzira yekudhinda iyo yakachipa uye isina kuoma kunzwisisa kupfuura yaimbozivikanwa. Panzvimbo peupfu hwesimbi, lasers kana matanda erekitironi, inoshandisa zvakajairika ovheni i mvura zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, iyo nzira inoshanda zvakanaka kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi, alloys, makomisheni, uye oxides. Izvi zvakafanana nechisimbiso chenozzle chatinoziva nemapurasitiki. "Ingi" inoumbwa nehupfu hwesimbi yakanyungudutswa mune chinhu chakakosha pamwe nekuwedzera kwe elastomer. Panguva yekushandiswa, inenge iri pakupisa kwekamuri. Mushure meizvozvo, iyo dhizaini yemidziyo yakashandiswa kubva mumuromo inoputirwa neakapfuura akaturikidzana pane yakakwirira tembiricha yakagadzirwa muchoto. Iyo tekinoroji inotsanangurwa mune nyanzvi yepepanhau Advanced Functional Materials.

Chinese Liquid Metal Phase Printing Method

Muna 2016, vaongorori veHarvard vakaunza imwe nzira inogona kugadzira XNUMXD simbi zvimiro. zvakadhindwa "mumhepo". Harvard University yakagadzira 3D printer iyo, kusiyana nevamwe, haigadziri zvinhu zvakadzika nepamusoro, asi inogadzira zvimiro zvakaoma "mumhepo" - kubva pakarepo simbi inotonhora. Muchina uyu, wakagadzirwa paJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, unodhinda zvinhu uchishandisa sirivheri nanoparticles. Iyo yakatarisana nelaser inopisa zvinhu uye nekuisanganisa, ichigadzira akasiyana zvimiro senge helix.

Kudiwa kwemusika kwepamusoro-chaiyo 3D yakadhindwa zvigadzirwa zvevatengi senge maimplants ekurapa uye zvikamu zveinjini yendege zviri kukura nekukurumidza. Uye nekuti data yechigadzirwa inogona kugovaniswa nevamwe, makambani pasi rese, kana aine hupfu hwesimbi uye iyo chaiyo 3D printa, anogona kushanda kudzikisa logistics uye inventory mitengo. Sezvaunoziva, matekinoroji akatsanangurwa anofambisa zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwesimbi zvikamu zveiyo yakaoma geometry, pamberi pechinyakare kugadzira matekinoroji. Kuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso zvine hunyanzvi kungangotungamira kumitengo yakadzikira uye kuvhurika kwekushandiswa kwe3D kudhinda mumashandisirwo akajairwa zvakare.

Iyo yakaomesesa yeSwedish simbi - ye 3D kudhinda:

Simbi yakaoma kwazvo pasi rose - yakagadzirwa muUppsala, Sweden

Aluminium firimu rekudhinda: 

Kubudirira mune simbi: 3D kudhindwa kwepamusoro-simba aluminium