Remangwana riri mukufambiswa kwemagetsi uchishandisa yakananga ikozvino? World archipelago uye network yayo
Nhasi, tambo dzemagetsi epamusoro-soro dzakabva pane alternating current. Nekudaro, kuvandudzwa kwezvitubu zvesimba idzva, solar uye mhepo magetsi emagetsi, ari kure nekugara uye maindasitiri vatengi, inoda kutapurirana network, dzimwe nguva kunyangwe pachiyero chekondinendi. Uye pano, sezvazvakazoitika, HVDC iri nani pane HVAC.
high voltage DC line (pfupi yeHigh Voltage Direct Current) vane kugona kurinani kutakura huwandu hwakakura hwesimba kupfuura HVAC (ipfupi yeHigh Voltage Alternate Current) ye madaro marefu. Zvichida nharo inonyanya kukosha ndiyo mari yakaderera yemhinduro yakadaro pamusoro pemarefu marefu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inobatsira zvikuru kupa magetsi panzendo refu kubva munzvimbo dzesimba renewable dzinobatanidza zvitsuwa kune nyika uye kunyange makondinendi angangove akasiyana kune mumwe nemumwe.
HVAC mutsara zvinoda kuvakwa kweshongwe hombe uye mitsetse yekukweva. Izvi zvinowanzokonzera kuratidzira kubva kuvagari venzvimbo iyi. HVDC inogona kuiswa chero kureba pasi pevhu, pasina njodzi yekurasikirwa kukuru kwesimbasezvazvakaita neakavanzika AC network. Iyi imhinduro inodhura zvishoma, asi inzira yekudzivirira mazhinji ematambudziko anotarisana nematapurirana. Ehe saizvozvo, nokuda kutapurirana kubva Columbia region mitsara yekufambisa iripo uye inogamuchirwa munharaunda ine mapiloni akakwirira anogona kugadziriswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kutumira simba rakawanda kuburikidza nemitsetse yakafanana.
Kune akawanda matambudziko ane AC simba kutapurirana izvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa kune magetsi mainjiniya. Izvi zvinosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe kugadzirwa kwe electromagnetic fieldssemugumisiro, mitsetse yakakwirira pamusoro pevhu uye yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe. Kunewo kurasikirwa kwekupisa muvhu nemvura zvakatipoteredza uye mamwe matambudziko akawanda akadzidza kurarama nenguva, asi izvo zvinoramba zvichiremedza simba rehupfumi. Manetiweki eAC anoda akawanda einjiniya kukanganisa, asi kushandisa AC kune mutengo unoshanda pakutapurirana. kureba magetsisaka mumamiriro mazhinji aya haasi matambudziko asingagadzirisiki. Nekudaro, hazvireve kuti haugone kushandisa mhinduro iri nani.
Pachave ne network yesimba repasi rose here?
Muna 1954, ABB yakavaka tambo yakanyura ye96 km yakakwirira voltage DC yekufambisa pakati peSweden mainland nechitsuwa (1). Zviri sei traction inokubvumira kuti uwane kaviri voltage chii chiri kuita alternating current. Mitsetse yeDC yepasi pevhu neyepasi pemvura hairasikirwe nekutapurirana zvakanaka kana ichienzaniswa nemitsetse yekumusoro. Yakananga ikozvino haigadziri munda wemagetsi unozokanganisa mamwe maconductor, pasi kana mvura. Ukobvu hwemakonduri hunogona kuve chero, sezvo iyo yakananga ikozvino isingaite kuyerera pamusoro pepamusoro peiyo conductor. DC haina frequency, saka zviri nyore kubatanidza network mbiri dzema frequency akasiyana uye woashandura kudzokera kuAC.
zvisinei D.C. achine zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakamutadzisa kutora nyika, kanenge kusvika nguva pfupi yapfuura. Chekutanga, mavheti emagetsi aidhura zvakanyanya pane ari nyore emuviri AC anoshandura. Nekudaro, mutengo weDC transformers (2) uri kukurumidza kudonha. Kudzikiswa kwemutengo kunokanganiswawo nenyaya yekuti huwandu hwemidziyo inoshandisa yakananga ikozvino padivi pesimba-inotarirwa vanogamuchira iri kuwedzera.
2. Siemens DC transformer
Dambudziko rechipiri nderekuti high voltage DC circuit breakers (mafusi) akanga asingashande. Circuit breaker zvinhu zvinodzivirira masisitimu emagetsi kubva pakuremerwa. DC mechanical circuit breakers vakanonoka. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunyange zvazvo magetsi emagetsi ari kukurumidza, kushandiswa kwavo kwave kwakabatanidzwa nehombe, kusvika ku30 muzana. kupera simba. Izvi zvanga zvakaoma kukunda asi zvakangowanikwa nechizvarwa chitsva che hybrid circuit breakers.
Kana mishumo ichangoburwa ichidavirwa, isu tave munzira yekukunda matambudziko ehunyanzvi atambudza mhinduro dzeHVDC. Saka inguva yekuenderera mberi kune izvo zvisina kupokana mabhenefiti. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti pane imwe chinhambwe, mushure mekuyambuka inonzi.poenzanisiro» (anenge 600-800 km), iyo HVDC imwe nzira, kunyangwe mutengo wayo wekutanga wakakwirisa kupfuura mutengo wekutanga wekuisa AC, inogara ichikonzera kuderera kwese kudhura kwetiweki yekufambisa. Iyo yekutyora-nyangwe chinhambwe chetambo dzepasi pemvura ipfupi kwazvo (kazhinji inotenderera 50 km) pane yemitsetse yepamusoro (3).
3. Enzanisa mari uye mutengo wekufambisa magetsi pakati peHVAC neHVDC.
DC terminal zvichagara zvichidhura kudarika materminals eAC, nekuda kwekuti anofanirwa kunge aine zvikamu zvekushandura DC voltage pamwe neDC kuenda kuAC kutendeuka. Asi DC voltage conversion uye macircuit breakers zvakachipa. Iyi account iri kuwedzera kuita pundutso.
Parizvino, kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana mumatiweki emazuva ano kunobva pa7%. kusvika ku15 muzana yekufambisa kwepasi kwakavakirwa pakuchinjanisa ikozvino. Panyaya yekufambiswa kweDC, iwo akadzikira zvakanyanya uye anoramba akaderera kunyangwe tambo dzakaiswa pasi pemvura kana pasi pevhu.
Saka HVDC ine musoro kune kureba kwenyika. Imwe nzvimbo iyo izvi zvichashanda ihuwandu hwevanhu vakapararira pazvitsuwa. Indonesia muenzaniso wakanaka. Chiverengero chavagari vapasi vanhu vane mamiriyoni 261 vanogara muzvitsuwa zvinenge zviuru zvitanhatu. Zvizhinji zvezvitsuwa izvi pari zvino zvinoenderana nemafuta emafuta nedhiziri. Dambudziko rakafanana rakatarisana neJapan, iyo ine zvitsuwa 6 852, 430 zvacho zvinogarwa.
Japan iri kufunga kuvaka mitsara miviri mikuru yakakwira magetsi eDC ne mainland Asia.iyo ichaita kuti zvibvirire kubvisa kudiwa kwekuzvimiririra kugadzira uye kutonga ese emagetsi avo munzvimbo shoma yenzvimbo ine dambudziko rakakura renzvimbo. Nyika dzakadai seGreat Britain, Denmark nedzimwe dzakawanda dzakarongwa nenzira yakafanana.
Sechinyakare, China inofunga pachiyero chinodarika chedzimwe nyika. Kambani iyi, iyo inoshandisa giridhi remagetsi ehurumende, yakauya nezano rekuvaka gidhi repasi rose reDC rinozobatanidza gwenya rese remhepo nesolar munyika panosvika gore ra2050. Sarudzo yakadai, pamwe nehungwaru gidhi tekinoroji dzinogovera uye kugovera simba kubva kunzvimbo kwainogadzirwa muhuwandu kuenda kunzvimbo dzinodiwa panguva ino, inogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga "Young Technician" pasi pechiedza chemwenje unobatidzwa. nesimba rinogadzirwa nemhepo inogadzirwa nemhepo iri kune imwe nzvimbo muSouth Pacific. Mushure mezvose, nyika yese imhando yezvitsuwa.
