Café de la Régence - guta guru renyika

Iyo yakakurumbira Parisian Café de la Régence yaive muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechishanu Mecca kune vateveri vemutambo wehumambo. Chess elite yeEurope yakasangana pano. Vagari venzvimbo iyi vaive, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, encyclopedist Jean Jacques Rousseau, mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika Maximilian Robespierre naNapoleon Bonaparte, mutongi wenguva yemberi weFrance. Mazuva ese masikati nemanheru, vatambi vakati wandei vemhando yepamusoro chess vairembera muresitorendi.

Pachiyero chakabvumiranwa, "chess mapurofesa" akatamba nemunhu wese kana kuvapa zvidzidzo. Iyo cafe paPalais Royal, padhuze neLouvre, yakavambwa muna 1681 nemumwe mbavha anonzi Lefebvre. Pakutanga yainzi Café de Palais-Royal, uye muna 1718 yakachinja zita rayo kuita Cafe Regency.

Ngano inotaura kuti chikonzero chekuchinja kwezita kwaiva kushanya nguva dzose kwe regent, Prince Philippe d'Orléans, akafadzwa nekunaka kwemudzimai wemuridzi mutsva we cafe, uyo akagara panzvimbo iyi mushure meLefebvre. Philip Orlyansky aive regent panguva yehucheche hwaLouis XV, mumakore 1715-1723 kutonga kwake yaive nguva yemaruva anoshamisa ezvivakwa zveFrance, kupenda uye kuvezwa. Philip aizivikanwawo nehunhu hwake hwaityora magungano ese netsika dzemudare.

Chess Capital yeNyika

The chess elite vaiwanzoungana uye kupedza mazuva avo mumakofi, kusanganisira Kermer de Legal uye mudzidzi wake François Philidor. Kune vazhinji vanotungamira chess vatambi, mitambo mumakofi yaive yakakosha mari, nekuti yaiwanzotambwa nemari. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti hunhu hwemunhu hwekubhejera hwakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwechess. Iyo cafe haina kungoridza mari chete, asiwo yakakonzera mhedzisiro yemitambo yega.

Mumazuva iwayo, izwi rokuti "cafemaster" raiva nerevo yakasiyana zvachose pane ikozvino. Akanga ari mutambi ane simba aiita mararamiro ake achitamba chess. "Champion" akadaro aive nekwaniso yekukurumidza kuongorora simba reanopikisa paakapa mutambo wemari, asi panguva imwecheteyo aida maforamu. Kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, tenzi Cafe Regency kazhinji ndiye aive mutambi akasimba kwazvo munyika, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe munyika.

Muna 1750, mutambi weFrench chess Kermer de Legal, akafunga kuti ndiye mutambi akasimba muFrance kusvikira mudzidzi wake François Philidor amukunda, akatamba imwe yemadiki anonyanya kuzivikanwa munhoroondo yechess muCafé de la Régence. Iri sangano raive musoro we operetta Der Seekadett (Navy Cadet) yakanyorwa naRichard Genet muna 1887.

Nzvimbo inoratidzwa muDhiyagiramu 1 yakasikwa mumafambiro mana chete: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4 4.Nc3 g6? Mutema ane chokwadi chekuti bhiriji jena f3 rakapinwa, asi iyi ipini yekunyepedzera 5.S: e5! G:d1?? Mutema anofanira kubvuma kurasikirwa nechipo uye kudzivirira mambo kubva pacheckmate ne5… Be6 kana 5… d: e5, asi zvakadaro hausi kuona njodzi ye6. G: f7 + Ke7 7. Nd5 # (dhayagiramu 2).

1. Kermeur de Legal - Saint Bris, Café de la Régence, 1750; chinzvimbo mushure me4…g6?

2. Kermeur de Legal - Saint Bris, Café de la Régence, 1750; Matt Legal

3. François-André Danican Philidor muimbi wechiFrench uye mutambi mukuru we chess wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

Mudzidzi wezvemutemo uye aigara achishanya kucafe aive (1726-1795), ane mukurumbira chess mutambi we3rd century (XNUMX). Mubhuku rake "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Analysis of the game of chess"), iro rakapfuura neanopfuura zana editions, akashandura kunzwisisa kwe chess. Pfungwa yake inonyanya kuzivikanwa iri muchirevo chinozivikanwa "pawns mweya wemutambo", ichisimbisa kukosha kwekutamba kwakaringana kwepawn muzvikamu zvese zvemutambo.

W Cafe Regency vaaishanda navo nguva dzose pabhodhi racho vaiva Voltaire naJean-Jacques Rousseau. Kunyange munguva yehupenyu hwake, aikoshesa semuimbi uye munyori, akasiya makumi maviri emitambo! Mukuzarura dzidziso, chiyeuchidzo chePhilidor chakachengetedzwa muzita reimwe yekuzarura, Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6. Kutamba kwaPhilidor kwaikunda vamwe vese vepanguva yake zvekuti kubva aine makore 21 aingoridza mhandu dzake pamaforamu.

Vamiririri veParisian intelligentsia - vanyori, vatori venhau uye vezvematongerwo enyika - vakasangana mune cafe. Voltaire naRousseau vambotaurwa, pamwe naDenis Diderot, vaiwanzogara pano. Wekupedzisira akanyora kuti: "Paris inzvimbo munyika, uye Café de la Régence ndiyo nzvimbo muParis inotambwa chess padanho repamusoro."

Iyo cafe yakashanyirwa zvakare nemudiwa wechess Benjamin Franklin uye Emperor weAustria Joseph I, uyo akafamba incognito kuburikidza neFrance pasi pezita rekuti Prince Falkenstein. Muna 1780, Tsar Paul I weRussia, mwanakomana waCatherine Mukuru, akashanya kuno. Muna 1798 muna Cafe Regency Napoleon Bonaparte. Tafura yemarble, iyo yakagara mambo weramangwana, yakatora nzvimbo yekuremekedza mu cafe kwemakore mazhinji ine chirevo chinoenderana.

4. Mutambo wechess une mukurumbira wakaridzwa muna 1843 kuCafé de la Régence naHoward Staunton naPierre Charles Fourier Saint-Aman.

Muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, vatambi ve chess vaionekwa sevatambi vepasi rose vakaitwa kuCafé de la Régence: Alexandre Deschapelles, Louis de la Bourdonnet naPierre Saint-Amand. MumaXNUMX neakanakisa chess vatambi pasirese Cafe Regency maBritish akatanga kukwikwidza.

Muna 1834, mutambo wevasipo wakatanga pakati peanomiririra cafe neWestminster Chess Club, yakavambwa makore matatu apfuura.

Muna 1843, mutambo wakaitwa mucafe, wakagumisa kutonga kwenguva refu kwevatambi veFrench chess. Pierre Saint-Aman akarasikirwa nemurungu Howard Staunton (+6 -11 = 4). Mutambi wechiFrench Jean-Henri Marlet, shamwari yepedyo yaPierre Saint-Amand, akapenda muna 1843 mufananidzo we "The Game of Chess", umo Staunton anotamba naSaint-Amand mune cafe "Regence" (4).

5. Mhomho yevanoda chess muCafé de la Régence

Muna 1852, maererano nebasa rekuvaka rakatenderedza Louvre, iyo cafe yakaendeswa kuDodun Hotel pa21 rue Richelieu, uyezve, muna 1855, yakadzokera kunharaunda yenzvimbo yenhoroondo (rue Saint-Honoré 161), ichichengeta yayo. specifics. hunhu uye aimbove mutengi (5). Panguva iyoyo, iyo cafe yakagamuchira mukati mutsva, kusanganisira chess motifs senge bust yePhilidor.

Cafe Regency vakaona zviitiko zvakawanda zvakakosha zvemitambo. Musi waGunyana 27, 1858, Paul Morphy akatamba nguva imwe chete yakavharwa maziso nevatambi vasere veParisian chess vakasimba, vachiwana mubairo wakanaka - mahwina matanhatu nemadhirowa maviri (6).

6. Paul Morphy anotamba bofu nevasere vakasimba veParisian chess.

Simultana yakatora maawa gumi, panguva iyo Morphy haana kudya kana kunwa chero chinhu. Paakabuda muchivako apedza, mhomho yaifarira yakafadza shasha yechess zvekuti Imperial Guard yakagutsikana kuti chimurenga chitsva chainge chatanga. Mangwanani akatevera, Morphy akataura kubva mundangariro mafambiro emitambo misere yakatambwa, pamwe nemazana emisiyano yakaitika mukati memutambo wemaawa maviri. Muna Kubvumbi 10, mabiko ekuonekana akaitwa mucafe mukukudza tenzi weAmerica uyo akakunda vazhinji vevatambi vechesi vekuEurope.

Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe nerekutanga rechimakumi maviri, iyo cafe zvishoma nezvishoma yakarasikirwa nekukosha kwayo senzvimbo yechess, kunyangwe yaive ichiri saiti yezviitiko zvakakosha zvechess uye yakatambira vazhinji vane mukurumbira chess vatambi. Yakashandurwa kuita resitorendi muna 1910 uye vazhinji vevatambi ve chess vakasarudza kutama muna 1916 kuenda kuCafé de l'Univers.

7. Chivako chaimbogara Café de la Régence.

Nhasi mu Cafe Regency chess haichatambwe, kuputika kwePhilidor uye tafura iyo wechidiki Bonaparte akakwikwidza zvakanyangarika. Iyo yaimbova "temberi ye chess" inogara National Tourism Hofisi yeMorocco (7). Kune akawanda macafe akanaka padyo, asi hapana kana chimwe chazvo senge chess vatambi vanoshandiswa kuungana.

Jan-Krzysztof Duda ane makore gumi nemanomwe ndiye mutevedzeri wemukwikwidzi wepasirese pasi pemakore makumi maviri!

Jan-Krzysztof Duda akawana imwe budiriro huru apo akahwina menduru yesirivha kuWorld Junior Chess Championship U20, iyo yakaitwa kubva musi wa1 kusvika 16 Gunyana muKhanty-Mansiysk, guta rekuRussia kuSiberia. Iyo Pole yakatungamira makwikwi akati wandei uye yaive pedyo nekuhwina mumakwikwi ese.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, mumitambo gumi nematatu yakatambwa, akanwisa mapoinzi gumi, nhamba yakafanana neyaakakunda Mikhail Antipov wekuRussia (10).

8. Pamberi pemutambo wevatambi vaviri vakanakisa veWorld Chess Championship U20

Duda akasangana naAntipov gore rakakura kwaari mu9th (8th) kutenderera. MuRussia airemekedza Pole uye, achitamba neBlack, akaedza kuwana dhirowa. Duda akawana mukana mudiki, asi weRussia akadzivirira zvakanaka uye mutambo wakapera uri dhirowa.

Muchikamu chekupedzisira, Antipov akabudirira kuhwina mutambo wakarasika uye akahwina kumashure 0,5 mapoinzi kubva kuPole, uyo akangodhonza. Makwikwi akasarudzwa chete neyechitatu yekubatsira mamaki, izvo, zvinosuruvarisa, zvaisafarira mutambi wedu wechess kubva kuWieliczka.

Zvisineyi, Pole haisati yakundwa mutambo mumwe chete mumakwikwi aya, yakahwina minomwe nekuita mangange mitanhatu. Mushure mekunge makwikwi aya apera, akati: “Ndine mamwe makore matatu ekutamba muboka rezera iri uye handisi kuzoripotsa.

Parizvino, Jan-Krzysztof Duda ari panzvimbo yechitatu pasi rose muFIDE chinzvimbo pakati pevadiki vari pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu, pamberi pake chete neChinese Wei Yi uye wekuRussia Vladislav Artemiev.