Cessna

Iyo yepakati-yepakati Citation Longitude ndiyo inotungamira Cessna bizjet. Yekutanga yakabuda muimba yegungano musi wa13 June 2017. Ndege yakagamuchira chitupa cheFAA musi wa21 September 2019.

Cessna Aircraft Company ndiye mutungamiri asingapokane mukugadzirwa kwendege dzendege - dzebhizinesi, vashanyi, zvekushandisa uye kudzidziswa. Iyo kambani yakavambwa muna 1927, asi kukura kwayo kwakawedzera kukurumidza mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Pakazosvika makore ekuma50 nema60 zvakanga zvave kuzivikanwa zvikuru zvokuti kunyange munhuwo zvake wemuAmerica, akanga asingafariri zvendege, aizobatanidza zita rekuti Cessna netundege tudiki tunobhururuka tichimhara panhandare yendege iri pedyo. Iyo kambani yanga ichishanda pasi peTextron Aviation brand kubvira 2016, asi zita reCessna rinoramba richishanda semhando yendege.

Muvambi weCessna Aircraft Company aive Clyde Vernon Cessna - murimi, makanika, mutengesi wemotokari, ane tarenda akazvidzidzisa muvaki uye mutyairi. Akazvarwa muna Zvita 5, 1879 muHawthorne, Iowa. Mukutanga kwa1881, mhuri yake yakatamira kupurazi pedyo neRago, Kansas. Pasinei nekusava nedzidzo yepamusoro, Clyde aifarira teknolojia kubva paudiki uye aiwanzobatsira varimi veko kugadzirisa michina yepurazi. Muna 1905, akaroora uye makore matatu akazobatana nemutengesi weOverland Automobiles muEnid, Oklahoma. Akawana budiriro yakakura muindasitiri iyi uye zita rake rakatorova chiratidzo pamusoro pemusuwo.

Ndege yekutanga yakavakwa nekubhururuka naClyde Cessna muna 1911 yaive Silver Wings monoplane. Mumufananidzo kubva muna Kubvumbi 1912, yakavakwazve mushure metsaona uye yakagadziridzwa zvishoma Silver Wings panguva yekuratidzira ndege.

Akabata tsikidzi yendege pachirongwa chemhepo cheOklahoma City muna Ndira 14–18, 1911. Cessna haana kungoyemura kuita kwepamusoro-soro, asi akataurawo nevatyairi vendege (kusanganisira murwi wemuFrance akazotevera ace Roland Garros) nemakanika, akabvunza zvakawanda. wemibvunzo ndokutora manotsi. Akafunga kuvaka yake ndege yakamisikidzwa pane monoplane Blériot XI. Nechinangwa ichi, muna Kukadzi, akaenda kuNew York, kwaakatenga fuselage yekopi yeBlériot XI kubva kuQueens Airplane Company. Nenzira, akatarisa maitiro ekugadzira uye akaita ndege dzakawanda semutyairi. Mushure mokudzokera kuEnid, mugaraji rakarendwa, akatanga kuvaka mapapiro nemuswe ari oga. Mushure mekuedza kwakawanda kusina kubudirira, akazokwanisa unyanzvi hwokutyaira uye muna June 1911 akabhururutsa ndege yake, yaakadana kuti Silver Wings.

Ndege dzekutanga dzekuratidzira veruzhinji hadzina kubudirira zvakanyanya. Kuti zvinhu zvitonyanya kuipa, musi waSeptember 13, 1911, Silver Wings yakabondera uye Clyde akaiswa muchipatara. Ndege yakavakwa patsva uye yakagadziridzwa yakafambiswa neCessna muna Zvita 17. Kubva 1912 kusvika 1913, Clyde akatora chikamu mumitambo yakawanda yemhepo muOklahoma neKansas, iyo yaakaronga nemukoma wake Roy. Pana June 6, 1913, ndege itsva, yakavakwa kubva pakutanga yakabhururuka, iyo musi waOctober 17, 1913 yakaita rwendo rwekutanga pamusoro peWichita, Kansas. Mumakore akatevera, Cessna akavaka ndege itsva uye dziri nani, idzo dzakabudirira kuratidza mukubhururuka mumwaka wezhizha. Zvakaitwa naCessna zvakabata pfungwa dzevanamuzvinabhizimisi vakati wandei veWichita vakaisa mari mukugadzira fekitari yendege. Hofisi yaro yaive muzvivakwa zveJJ Jones Motor Company muWichita. Kutangwa kwebasa racho kwakaitika musi waSeptember 1, 1916.

Muna 1917, Cessna akavaka ndege mbiri itsva. Iyo ine zvigaro zviviri Comet ine kabhini yakavharwa zvishoma yakaedzwa muna Chikumi 24. Vhiki mbiri gare gare, muna July 7, Clyde akaisa rekodhi yenyika ye200 km / h shure kwekutonga kwake. Zvichitevera kupinda kweUnited States kuHondo Yenyika I muna Kubvumbi 1917, mafuta ehurumende akaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Cessna yakapa ndege dzayo kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa, asi mauto aifarira michina yakagadzirwa neFrance. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemirairo uye mukana wekuronga mitambo yemhepo, Cessna akavhara fekitori mukupera kwa1917, akadzokera kupurazi rake ndokutendeukira kune zvekurima.

Mukutanga kwa1925, Cessna akashanyirwa naLloyd C. Stearman naWalter H. Beech, avo vakamukoka kuti abatane nekambani yekuvaka ndege dzine chimiro chesimbi. Mushure mekutora investor Walter J. Innes Jr. Musi wa5 Kukadzi, 1925, Kambani Yekufamba Air Manufacturing yakavambwa muWichita. Innes akava mutungamiri wayo, Cessna akava mutevedzeri wemutungamiri, Beech akava munyori, uye Stearman akava mugadziri mukuru. Pakupera kwegore, mushure mekunge Innesa asiya kambani, Cessna akatora chigaro chemutungamiri, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weBeech, uye Stearman semubati wehomwe. Ndege yekutanga yeTravel Air yaive yeModel A biplane. Munguva yake yakasununguka, akavaka ndege yake yechipfumbamwe - injini imwe chete, monoplane Type 500 ine kabhini yakafukidzwa yevatakuri vashanu. Yakaedzwa pachake naClyde musi waChikumi 14, 1926. Muna Ndira 1927, National Air Transport yakaodha makopi masere mufomu yakagadziridzwa zvishoma, yakasarudzwa seType 5000.

Kambani yake

Pasinei nekubudirira kwayo, zano raCessna rinotevera - mapapiro anozvitsigira - akatadzawo kuzivikanwa kubva kuna Walter Beech (Lloyd Stearman akasiya kambani panguva iyi). Saka, muchirimo cha1927, Cessna akatengesa Beech danda rake muTravel Air, uye muna Kubvumbi 19, akazivisa kusikwa kweiyo Cessna Aircraft Company. Pamwe chete nemushandi mumwe chete panguva iyoyo, akatanga kuvaka ndege mbiri mune inozvitsigira yemonoplane system, isingazivikanwe inozivikanwa seAll Purpose (gare gare Phantom) uye Common. Iwo maedzo esimba remapapiro, anodiwa kuti Dhipatimendi reCommerce ripe iyo yakabvumidzwa Rudzi Chetifiketi (ATC), yakaitwa naProf. Joseph S. Newell weMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Iyo Phantom ine zvigaro zvitatu yakatanga kubhururuka muna Nyamavhuvhu 13, 1927. Ndege yakave yakabudirira zvikuru uye Cessna akasarudza kutanga serial kugadzirwa kwayo. Kuti awane mari, akatengesa chikamu chezvikamu zvekambani yake kuna Victor H. Roos, mutengesi wemidhudhudhu muOmaha, Nebraska. Zvichitevera izvi, munaGunyana 7, kambani yakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo pasi pezita reCessna-Roos Aircraft Company. Chigaro chayo chaiva muzvivako zvitsva muWichita. Muna Zvita wegore rimwe chetero, Roos akatengesa migove yake kuCessna, uye muna Zvita 22, kambani yakachinja zita rayo kuCessna Aircraft Company.

Iyo Phantom yakasimudza kumhuri yese yendege inozivikanwa seA Series. Yokutanga yakapiwa kune mutengi musi waFebruary 28, 1928. Kusvikira 1930, pamusoro pezvikamu zve70 zvakagadzirwa muAA, AC, AF, AS uye AW versions, zvakasiyana zvikuru mujini yakashandiswa. Iyo BW modhi yezvigaro zvitatu-vana haina kubudirira zvakanyanya - pakavakwa 13 chete. Imwe ndege yeCW-6 ine zvigaro zvevatakuri vatanhatu uye CPW-6 yevagari vaviri rally yakavakwa pahwaro hwayo yakaramba iri muchimiro chekopi imwe chete. Muna 1929, iyo DC-6 modhi neshanduro dzayo mbiri dzekuvandudza, iyo DC-6A Chief uye DC-6B Scout, dzakapinda mukugadzira (50 dzakavakwa pamwe chete neiyo prototype).