Charron Armored Car, modhi 1905 "Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti amburera ichaonekwa mumidziyo yevacheche kupfuura ivo vachatanga kutakura varwi nemotokari!" 1897 ndiro zuva rekugamuchirwa zviri pamutemo mota kushanda nemauto eFrance, apo, pasi pehutungamiriri hwaColonel Feldman (mukuru webasa rehunyanzvi hwezvombo zvepfuti), komisheni yemotokari yemauto yakaumbwa, iyo yakaonekwa mushure mekushandiswa kwemotokari dzakawanda dzekutengesa mumitambo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero uye kumabvazuva kweFrance. . Imwe yematanho ekutanga ekomisheni yaive sarudzo, pamwe neMotokari Club yeFrance, yekuyedza Panard Levassor, Peugeot break, Morse, Delae, Georges-Richard uye Maison Parisienne mota. Miedzo, iyo yaisanganisirawo kumhanya kwemakiromita mazana maviri, yakabudirira kupfuura mota dzese. Spoiler: Tanga motorization Kutanga kwemoto uye mechanization yeuto reFrance Musi waNdira 17, 1898, hutungamiriri hwebasa rehunyanzvi hwezvombo zvepfuti hwakatendeukira kuvakuru vepamusoro nechikumbiro chekutenga maviri Panard-Levassor, maviri Peugeot uye maviri Maison Parisien mota dzemauto, asi akagamuchira kuramba, chikonzero chekuti. yanga iri pfungwa yekuti mota dzese dziripo uye saka dzichadiwa kana kuine hondo, uye nekupihwa kumhanya kwekusimudzira indasitiri yemotokari, michina yakatengwa inogona kukurumidza kusashanda. Zvisinei, gore rakatevera mauto akatenga motokari dzokutanga: imwe Panhard-Levassor, imwe Maison Parisian uye imwe Peugeot. Muna 1900, vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vakapa motokari pfumbamwe dzakanga dzakagadzirirwa mauto chete. Imwe yemotokari idzi ibhazi rePanhard-Levassor raitakura vashandi. Kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo pfungwa yekutakura varwi mumotokari yaiita sechinhu chisina musoro, uye imwe yenyanzvi dzemauto yakati: "Pane amburera ichaonekwa mumidziyo yevarwi kupfuura mauto achatakurwa nemotokari!". Zvisinei, Hofisi yeWar Office yakatenga bhazi rePanhard-Levassor, uye muna 1900, pamwe chete nemarori maviri aidiwa, rakashandiswa pakufamba munharaunda yeBos, apo hwerengedzo yemarori masere emhando dzakasiyana-siyana akatora chikamu. Mota Panhard Levassor, 1896 - 1902 Mushure mokunge motokari yaiswa mubasa, zvaive zvakakodzera kudzora kushandiswa kwayo, uye musi waFebruary 18, 1902, murairo wakabudiswa wakaraira kutengwa kwemotokari: kirasi 25CV - yegaraji rehushumiri hwemauto uye zvikamu zvehungwaru, 12CV - yenhengo dzedare repamusoro remauto, 8CV - yevakuru vemauto vari kutungamira mauto. CV (Cheval Vapeur - French horsepower): 1CV inoenderana ne1,5 British horsepower kana 2,2 British horsepower, 1 British horsepower yakaenzana ne745,7 watts. Simba rebhiza ratakatora i736,499 watts. Spoiler: Tanga motorization Motokari yezvombo "Sharron" muenzaniso 1905 Iyo Sharron armored mota chaive chisikwa chepamberi cheinjiniya panguva yayo. Mauto eFrance aive ekutanga kushandisa mota dzevakuru. Firm Charron, Girardot uye Voig (CGV) yakagadzira mota dzemujaho dzakabudirira uye yaive yekutanga kuita maitiro matsva nekugadzira mota ine semi-armored yakavakirwa pamotokari inotakura vanhu. Mota iyi yaive yakashongedzerwa nepfuti ye8mm Hotchkiss, yaive yakaiswa kuseri kwebarbette yakashongedzerwa panzvimbo yezvigaro zvekumashure. Motokari yekumashure (4 × 2) yaive nekabhuraki yakavhurika ine zvigaro zviviri, kurudyi ndiko kwaive kubasa kwemutyairi. Motokari yakaratidzwa paParis Motor Show muna 1902, yakaita maonero akanaka pamauto. Muna 1903, motokari yezvombo yakaedzwa zvakabudirira, asi ndizvo zvazviri. Nekuda kwekudhura kwakanyanya, mota mbiri chete dzakavakwa - "Sharron" muenzaniso 1902 uye akaramba ari padanho remuenzaniso. Asi vatungamiri vekambani "Charron, Girardot uye Voy" vakaziva kuti hondo haigoni kuita pasina motokari yezvombo uye kushanda pakuvandudza motokari yakaenderera mberi. Mushure memakore matatu, mhando itsva yemotokari yakashongedzwa yakarongwa, umo mazwi ose uye zvikanganiso zvakatorwa. Pamota yezvombo Sharron Model 1905 hull uye turret zvakange zvakashongedzwa zvakakwana. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti pfungwa yekugadzira muchina uyu (uye purojekiti yayo yekutanga) yakatsanangurwa nemukuru weRussia, akapinda muHondo yeRusso-Japan, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Nakashidze, chizvarwa chekare cheGeorgia mhuri yemuchinda. Siberian Cossack Corps. Nguva pfupi hondo ya1904-1905 isati yapera, Nakashidze akaendesa chirongwa chake kudhipatimendi remauto reRussia, iro raitsigirwa nomukuru weuto reManchurian, General Linevich. Asi dhipatimendi rakaona indasitiri yeRussia isina kugadzirira kugadzira michina yerudzi urwu, saka, kambani yeFrance Charron, Girardot et Voig (CGV) yakarairwa kuita chirongwa ichi. Muchina wakafanana wakagadzirwa muAustria (Austro-Daimler). Dzaive idzi mota mbiri dzakashongedzerwa dzakazova prototypes dzedziyo mota dzehondo dzakashongedzerwa, dhizaini yave kunzi ndeyekare. TTX armored mota "Sharron" modhi 1905 Kurwisa uremu, t 2,95 Vashandi, h 5 Zviyero zvese, mm лин 4800 Kuwedzera 1700 kureba 2400 Kugadziriswa, mm 4,5 Hondo 8 mm muchina pfuti "Hotchkiss" muenzaniso 1914 Injini CGV, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, in-line, carburetor, mvura-yakatonhorera, simba 22 kW Simba chairo. kW / t 7,46 Kunonyanyisa kumhanya, km / h: panzira huru 45 pasi nemukoto 30 Kukurira zvipingamupinyi simuka, guta. 25 Mutumbi wemotokari yehondo yeSharron yakabviswa kubva kusimbi-nickel simbi mashizha 4,5 mm gobvu, iyo yaidzivirira vashandi uye injini kubva kumabara epfuti uye zvidimbu zvidiki. Mutyairi aive pedyo nemukuru, iyo maonero akapihwa nehwindo hombe remberi, iro rakavharwa muhondo nehombe trapezoidal armored cap ine maburi ekuona muchimiro cherhombus ine yakatenderedza ekunze ezvombo zvivharo. IN kusarwa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, chifukidzo chezvombo chakaiswa panzvimbo yakadzikama uye yakagadziriswa nerubatsiro rwemabhakiti maviri anofambisa. Mafafitera makuru maviri kurutivi rumwe norumwe rwechikepe akafukidzwawo nemipingo yezvombo. Pakupinda nekubuda kwevashandi, musuwo wekuruboshwe wakashanda, wakavhurika wakananga kumashure kwemotokari. Nzira dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa neU, dzakasungirirwa diagonally kumativi ose ehull, dzakagadzirirwa kukunda zvipingamupinyi (madhishi, migero, migero). Chimwe chivheneko chikuru chakaiswa pamberi pepepa rakarerekera remberi reimba yeinjini, yechipiri, yakafukidzwa nechivharo chezvombo, mubepa repamberi rehombo pasi pemhepo. Imba yekurwira yaive kuseri kwezvigaro zvemutyairi nedzemukuru; padenga remba paive pakaiswa shongwe yedenderedzwa mberi neshure. Bevel rekumberi raive rakakura zvakaringana uye raitova semicircular hatch, chivharo chayo chaigona kusimudzwa kuti chimire. Pfuti yemuchina ye8-mm Hotchkiss yakaiswa pane yakakosha bracket muturret. Bharamu rayo rakanga rakachengetedzwa nebhokisi rezvombo rakavhurika kubva kumusoro. Mukuru wemauto emugungwa, kaputeni wechinhanho chechitatu Guillet, akagadzira turret yeSharron. Shongwe yacho yakanga isina bhora, asi yakatsamira pambiru yakaiswa pauriri hwekamuri rekurwira. Zvaigoneka kusimudza shongwe nekuitenderedza nemaoko, uchishandisa flywheel yaifamba nechepazasi pekona yekoramu. Chete munzvimbo iyi zvaive zvichikwanisika kupa moto wedenderedzwa kubva papfuti yemuchina. Injini yekamuri yaive pamberi pechikepe. Iyo mota yaive nechina-cylinder in-line carburetor CGV injini ine simba re30 hp. With. Huremu hwekurwa hwemotokari yezvombo hwaive matani 2,95. Iyo yakanyanya kumhanya mumigwagwa yakavezwa yaive 45 km / h, uye pavhu rakapfava - 30 km / h. Kuwanikwa kweinjini yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kwakapihwa nemahachi ane mavhavha anobviswa mumadziro ese eiyo armored hood. Mumashure-mavhiri (4 × 2) pasi pemotokari yezvombo, mavhiri emapuranga anoshandiswa, akadzivirirwa nesimbi. Matai akanga akazadzwa nespongy material yaibvumira motokari yezvombo kufamba mushure mekunge bara rarova vhiri kwemamwe maminetsi gumi. Kuti uderedze mukana uyu, mavhiri ekumashure aive akafukidzwa neakasungwa casings echimiro che semicircular. Nenguva yayo, Charron armored car chaive chisikwa chepamusoro cheinjiniya pfungwa, inosanganisira akati wandei ehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mhinduro, semuenzaniso: denderedzwa rotation tower, mavhiri erabha bulletproof, mwenje wemagetsi, kukwanisa kutanga motokari kubva mukamuri yekutonga. Pakazara, mota mbiri dzeSharon dzakagadzirwa muenzaniso 1905. Imwe yakatorwa neFrance Ministry of Defense (yakatumirwa kuMorocco), yechipiri yakatengwa nedhipatimendi remauto reRussia (akatumirwa kuRussia), uko muchina wacho wakashandiswa kudzvinyirira kumukira kwechimurenga muSt. Motokari yakashongedzwa yainyatsokodzera mauto eRussia, uye Charron, Girardot et Voig (CGV) vakakurumidza kugamuchira murairo wemotokari gumi nembiri, iyo, zvisinei, yakasungwa uye yakatorwa nemaGermany panguva yekufambisa kuburikidza neGermany kuti "vaongorore kugona kwavo", uye ipapo. rinoshandiswa panguva huru dzemauto emauto eGerman. Imwe mota ine zvombo zverudzi rweSharron yakagadzirwa nekambani yePanar-Levassor, dzimwe mota ina, dzakafanana neiyo Sharron modhi ye1902 modhi, dzakavakwa nekambani yeHotchkiss muna 1909 nekuraira kwehurumende yeTurkey. Sources: Kholyavsky G. L. "Mavhiri uye hafu-yakateedzerwa mota dzezvombo uye vatakuri vevashandi vane zvombo"; E. D. Kochnev. Encyclopedia yemotokari dzehondo; Baryatinsky M. B., Kolomiets M. V. Motokari dzehondo dzeuto reRussia 1906-1917; M. Kolomiets “Zvombo zveuto reRussia. Motokari dzine zvombo uye zvitima zvehondo muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga”; "Mota yehondo. Iyo Wheeled Fighting Vehicle Journal ”(март 1994).