Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe torque nesimba

Injiniya dzemotokari dzakagara uye dzichinyatso ziva pfungwa uye maficha ehuwandu hwakanyanya hwemuviri sesimba reinjini uye torque. Mibvunzo inomuka kubva kune vanotanga, asi vatyairi vanofarira tekinoroji.

Kunyanya munguva ichangopfuura, apo vazhinji vanofarirwa uye vanoongorora motokari, avo ivo pachavo vasinganyatsonzwisisi nheyo dzedzidziso, vakatanga kutaura huwandu hwematokisi mukutsanangurwa kwemotokari, vachiisa mberi sechinenge chinonyanya kukosha chiratidzo chekushanda kwemotokari.

Pasina kutsanangura hunhu, uye nekudaro inotsausa vaverengi nevaoni.

Chii chinonzi injini simba

Simba ndiko kugona kuita basa pachikamu chenguva. Panyaya yeinjini yemotokari, iyi pfungwa inoratidza kubuda kwemota zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Iyo mota inofamba inopesana nekusundidzira kweinjini, kurasikirwa kunoenda kune aerodynamics, friction uye seti yesimba rinogona kuita kana uchifamba uchikwira. Iyo yakawanda simba rinopinda mubasa iri sekondi yega yega, iyo yakakwirira kumhanya kwemotokari kunenge kuri, uye nokudaro kushanda kwayo semotokari.

Simba rinoyerwa musimba rebhiza, rakagadzirwa kare kana mu kilowatts, izvi zvinogamuchirwa mufizikisi. Chiyero chacho chiri nyore - simba rimwe chete rebhiza rinenge 0,736 kilowatts.

Mhando dzesimba

Injini yekusimudzira inogadzirwa nekushandura simba remusanganiswa unopisa mumasilinda kuita basa remakanika kutenderedza crankshaft uye kufambisa kwakabatana. Kukosha kwakakosha ndiko kudzvanywa kwepiston mucylinder.

Zvichienderana nenzira yekuverenga, simba rinogona kunge rakasiyana:

• chiratidzo - inoverengerwa kuburikidza neavhareji kudzvanywa kutenderera uye nzvimbo yepiston pasi;
• inoshanda - inenge yakafanana, asi kumanikidzwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunogadziriswa nokuda kwekurasikirwa muhumburumbira;
• zita, iyo ihwowo huwandu - parameter iri pedyo nemushandisi wekupedzisira, ichiratidza kukwanisa kwemotokari kudzoka zvakakwana;
• zvakananga kana litita - inoratidza kukwana kwemota, kugona kwayo kupa huwandu kubva pachikamu chehuwandu hwekushanda.

Sezvo isu tiri kutaura nezvebasa pachikamu chenguva, kudzoka kuchaenderana nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwe crankshaft, nekuwedzera kukurumidza kunowedzera.

Asi chete nedzidziso, sezvo kurasikirwa kunowedzera nekukurumidza, mamiriro ekuzadza macylinders uye kushanda kwemaitiro ekutsigira anowedzera. Nokudaro, kune pfungwa yekuchinja kwemasimba makuru.

Injini inogona kutenderera zvakanyanya, asi kudzoka kunoderera. Kusvika panguva ino, kukosha kwega kwega kwekumhanya kwekushanda kunoenderana nehuwandu hwesimba rayo.

Nzira yekuziva sei injini simba

Kukosha kweparameter inoverengwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwemotokari. Ipapo bvunzo, kunyatso-tuning, optimization yemamodhi inoitwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yekuyera data yeinjini inoratidza simba rayo rakayerwa. Inonyanya kutaurwa seyakanyanya, inojeka kune mutengi.

Pane mastand emota anogona kurodha injini uye kuona simba rayo chero kumhanya. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa mumotokari zvakare.

 

Iyo inoiswa pachigadziko che roller, simba rinoburitswa mumutoro rinoyerwa nenzira kwayo, kurasikirwa mukutapurirana kunotariswa, mushure meizvozvo komputa inopa mhedzisiro inoenderana zvakananga nemota. Izvi zvinobatsira pakuongorora mamiriro emotokari, uyewo mukugadzirisa, ndiko kuti, kuchenesa injini kuvandudza maitiro akasarudzwa.

Masisitimu emazuva ano ekudzora injini anochengeta modhi yayo yemasvomhu mundangariro, mafuta anopiwa kupfurikidza nawo, nguva yokubatidza inogadzirwa, uye kumwe kugadziridza kwokushanda kunoitwa.

Zvinoenderana neiyo data iripo, komputa inokwanisa kwazvo kuverenga zvisina kunanga simba, dzimwe nguva iyo data inotoratidzwa pane yekutyaira chiratidzo.

Chii chinonzi torque

Iyo torque yakaenzana nechigadzirwa chesimba uye ruoko rwerevhisi, inogona kunge iri injini flywheel, chero chinhu chekufambisa kana vhiri rekutyaira.

Ukoshi uhwu hunoenderana chaizvo nesimba, iro rinoenderana ne torque uye kutenderera kumhanya. Ndiye iye anotorwa senheyo yejini injini panguva yekushanda kwekombiyuta yekutonga. Iyo nguva zvakare yakasarudzika yakabatana nekudzvanywa kwemagasi papiston.

Musiyano mukuru mukukosha kwe torque ndeyekuti inogona kushandurwa zviri nyore mukutapurirana. Kudzika mubhokisi kana kushandura giya reshiyo yedhiraivha axle giya bhokisi, kunyangwe kuwedzera kuri nyore kana kudzikira muradius yekutenderera kwevhiri zvakaenzanirana chinja nguva, uye nekudaro kuedza kunobata kunoshandiswa kumota yese.

Nokudaro, hazvina maturo kutaura kuti motokari inowedzerwa nejini torque. Zvakakwana kuvhura giya rezasi - uye rinowedzera nechero huwandu.

External speed character (VSH)

Hukama pakati pesimba, torque uye marevolutions anoratidza zvakajeka girafu yetsamba yavo. Mabhindauko akarongwa achitevedza axis yakachinjika, simba uye torque zvakarongwa pamwechete maviri akatwasuka.

Muchokwadi, panogona kunge paine akawanda maVSH, akasiyana kune yega yega kuvhurika. Asi vanoshandisa imwe - kana iyo accelerator pedal yakaora mwoyo zvizere.

Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuVSH kuti simba rinowedzera nekuwedzera kwekukurumidza. Hazvishamisi, sezvo yakaenzana navo pane imwe nguva torque, asi haigoni kufanana pakumhanya kwose.

Iyo nguva idiki pane yakaderera, yobva yawedzera, uye inoderera zvakare sezvainosvika pakakwirira. Uye zvakanyanya zvekuti simba rine peak pane mamwewo mazita ekumhanya.

Iko kukosha kunoshanda haisi iyo nguva yakanyanya kufanana nekugoverwa kwayo pamusoro pekuchinja. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti zviite yunifomu, muchimiro chesherufu, zviri nyore kudzora mota yakadaro. Izvi ndizvo zvavanovavarira mumotokari dzevanhu.

Ndeipi injini iri nani, ine torque yakakwirira kana simba

Kune marudzi akawanda einjini:

• yakaderera-kumhanya, ine "tirakita" nguva pazasi;
• mitambo yepamusoro-soro ine chirevo chepamusoro chesimba uye torque padyo nepamusoro;
• veruzhinji vagari, sherufu ye torque yakasimudzwa, unogona kufamba nehushoma hwekuchinja, uchinge uine simba rekuchengetedza kana ukapeta injini.

Zvose zvinoenderana nechinangwa cheinjini uye zvido zvemutyairi. Simba rakakosha kune vatambi, havana usimbe hwekuchinja kuitira kuti vave nenguva pamavhiri ekumhanyisa kubva chero kumhanya. Asi injini dzakadaro dzinoda kusimudzirwa, izvo zvinopa kuwedzera ruzha uye kuderera kwezviwanikwa.

Rori madhiziri nemainjini ane azvino turbocharging masisitimu akagadziridzwa kuti ashande neakakwira torque pamarevs akaderera uye yakaderera kumhanya pane yakanyanya simba. Iwo akasimba uye ari nyore kubata.

Naizvozvo, ikozvino ndiyo nzira huru mukuvaka mota. Iyo ndeye otomatiki transmissions uye kunyange kugovera torque pamwe ne rpm curve iyo inobvumidza iwe kuti usafunge kana uchisarudza injini, asi kuti utarise chete iyo yakanyanya kuburitsa simba.

Iyo CVT kana kuwanda-kumhanya otomatiki kutapurirana ichasarudza iyo yakakwana nguva pamavhiri ekutyaira ivo pachavo.