Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peantifreeze uye antifreeze?
Zviri mukati
Zvinorehwa nezita
Ngatitange nenyaya yekuti zita rekuti "antifreeze" rinomirira "coolant". Kana yakashandurwa sezvairi, saka anti - "kupikisa", chando - "kutonhora, chando".
Antifreeze izita rakagadzirwa iro rakapihwa mukupera kwema1960 kune ichangobva kugadzirwa yemumba inotonhorera. Mavara matatu ekutanga ("tos") anomirira "organic synthesis technology". Uye magumo ("ol") anotorwa zvichibva pane inowanzogamuchirwa kemikari nomenclature inoshandiswa kuratidza doro (ethanol, butanol, nezvimwewo). Maererano neimwe shanduro, kuguma kunotorwa kubva muchidimbu "rabhoritari yakasiyana", uye yakapiwa mukukudza kwevagadziri vechigadzirwa.
Ndiko kuti, antifreeze harisi zita rekutengesa remhando, uye kwete kana rimwe boka rezvinotonhorera. Muchokwadi, iri izita rakajairika kune ese anotonhorera. Kusanganisira antifreeze. Zvisinei, mumakwikwi evatyairi, itsika kusiyanisa zvinwiwa zvemumba uye zvekunze sezvinotevera: antifreeze - yepamba, antifreeze - yekunze. Kunyangwe zvehunyanzvi hazvina kunaka.
Antifreeze uye antifreeze G11
Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yemazuva ano inotonhorera inogadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvitatu zvikuru:
- ethylene glycol (kana propylene glycol kune inodhura uye tekinoroji zvinwiwa);
- mvura yakadzika;
- additives.
Tichitarisa kumberi, tinoona: antifreeze uye antifreeze G11 zvinenge zvakafanana zvigadzirwa. Huyero hwe ethylene glycol nemvura hunoenderana netembiricha painoomesa mvura. Asi kazhinji, kune antifreeze uye G11 antifreeze, chikamu ichi chinenge 50/50 (nokuda kwezvakasiyana zvakasiyana zveizvi zvinotonhorera zvinogona kushanda patembiricha kusvika -40 ° C).
Izvo zvinowedzera zvinoshandiswa mumvura mbiri idzi inorganic in nature. Izvi zvinonyanya zvakasiyana-siyana borates, phosphates, nitrate uye silicates. Iko hakuna miyero inodzikamisa kuenzana kwezvinowedzera uye chaiyo makemikari mafomula ezvikamu. Pane chete zvinodiwa zvakajairika izvo chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinofanira kusangana (yero yekudzivirira yezvikamu zveinotonhora system, kusimba kwekubvisa kupisa, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza).
Ethylene glycol ine hutsinye hwemakemikari kune ese masimbi uye rabha uye epurasitiki zvikamu zvehurongwa. Kurwisana hakutauri, zvisinei, munguva refu, dihydric alcohols inogona kuparadza mapaipi, masero e-radiator uye kunyange jekete rinotonhora.
Antifreeze additives G11 uye antifreeze inogadzira firimu rinodzivirira pane ese maficha eiyo inotonhorera system, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya hutsinye hweethylene glycol. Asi iyi firimu inodzivirira zvishoma kupisa kupisa. Naizvozvo, G11 antifreeze uye antifreeze haishandiswe kune "inopisa" mota. Zvakare, antifreeze ine hupenyu hupfupi hwesevhisi pane ese antifreeze kazhinji. Kana zvichidikanwa kushandura antifreeze mushure memakore 2-3 (zvichienderana nekusimba kwekushanda kwemotokari), saka antifreeze inovimbisa kushanda kwemabasa ayo kwemakore matatu.
Antifreeze uye antifreeze G12, G12+ uye G12++
G12 antifreeze base (G12 + uye G12 ++) inewo musanganiswa we ethylene glycol nemvura. Misiyano iri mukuumbwa kwezvinowedzera.
Kune G12 antifreeze, inonzi organic additives yakatoshandiswa (yakavakirwa pacarboxylic acid). Nheyo yekushanda kwekuwedzera kwakadaro kunobva pakuumbwa kwenzvimbo ye insulating layer pane imwe nzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekuora. Ndiko kuti, iyo chikamu chegadziriro umo chirema chepamusoro chinoratidzika chakavharwa ne carboxylic acid compounds. Kusimba kwekusangana ne ethylene glycol kunoderera, uye maitiro anoparadza anononoka.
Mukuwirirana neizvi, carboxylic acid haikanganisi kutamisa kupisa. Tinogona kutaura kuti maererano nekubvisa kupisa kwekuita, G12 antifreeze ichaita zvirinani pane antifreeze.
Shanduro dzakagadziridzwa dzeG12+ uye G12++ zvinotonhorera zvine zvese organic uye inorganic additives. Panguva imwecheteyo, organics inotungamira. Iyo inodzivirira layer inogadzirwa ne borates, silicates uye mamwe makomisheni itete, uye haipindire nekupisa kupisa. Uye organic komisheni, kana zvichidikanwa, inovhara nzvimbo dzakakanganisika yeinotonhora system uye kudzivirira kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzekuora.
Zvakare, kirasi G12 antifreezes uye zvinobva mairi zvine hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi, kanenge kaviri. Nekudaro, mutengo weaya antifreezes wakakwira 2-2 nguva kupfuura yeantifreeze.
Antifreeze G13
G13 antifreezes inoshandisa propylene glycol sehwaro. Doro iri rinodhura kugadzira, asi harina hukasha uye harina muchetura kuvanhu nenharaunda. Kuonekwa kweichi chinotonhorera chimiro cheWestern standards. Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, munenge munzvimbo dzese dzeWestern mota indasitiri, pave paine chishuwo chekuvandudza nharaunda.
G13 additives akafanana mukuumbwa kune G12+ uye G12++ antifreezes. Upenyu hwebasa hunosvika makore mashanu.
Kureva, maererano nezvese mashandiro zvivakwa, antifreeze inorasikirwa zvisina tariro kune ekunze inotonhorera G12 +, G12 ++ uye G13. Zvisinei, mutengo we antifreeze mukuenzanisa neG13 antifreeze inenge 8-10 nguva yakaderera. Uye kune mota dziri nyore dzine injini dzinotonhora, hazvina musoro kutora inodhura inotonhorera. Zvakajairika antifreeze kana antifreeze G11 zvakakwana. Ingo usakanganwa kushandura inotonhorera nenguva, uye hapazove nematambudziko nekupisa.
