Chii chimwe chekuita otomatiki?

Nhasi, iyo pfungwa ye "Automation seSevhisi" iri kuita basa. Izvi zvinofambiswa nekuvandudzwa kweAI, kudzidza kwemichina, kukurumidza kutumirwa kweInternet yezvinhu uye zvivakwa zvine hukama, pamwe nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemagetsi edhijitari. Nekudaro, hazvifanirwe kungoisa mamwe marobhoti. Nhasi inonzwisiswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kuchinjika.

Parizvino, akanyanya kusimba ekutanga anosanganisira makambani akadai seLogSquare muDubai, mupi wekutakura, zvinhu uye warehousing otomatiki mhinduro. Chinhu chakakosha chekupa kweLogSquare ndeye otomatiki kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza mhinduro yakagadzirirwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera uye kuwana mazinga epamusoro ekubudirira uye kuita.

Vatungamiri vekambani iyi vanodana chirevo chavo kuti “soft automation” (1). Makambani mazhinji, kunyangwe kudzvanyirirwa kwaakaita, haasati agadzirira kuita kwakasimba, saka LogSquare mhinduro dzinokwezva kwavari, otomatiki kuburikidza nediki tweaks uye rationalization.

Ndeipi nguva yekubuda kunze kwe "comfort zone" yako?

sanganisira kuronga uye kufanotaura. Michina yekudzidza algorithms inogona kurongwa kuti iongorore nhamba yedata, funga nezvenhoroondo uye ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, uye wozopa ruzivo nezve mapatani kana maitiro. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvirinani kuchengetedza uye inventory manejimendi. Pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwemotokari dzinozvimiririra. zvechigarire uchishandisa ichangoburwa network matekinoroji akadai se5G ichapa mota nemichina, senge mota dzinozvimiririra, ine yakazvimirira sarudzo.

Makambani makuru emigodhi akaita seRio Tinto neBHP Billington vave nemakore akati wandei vachidyara mari munzvimbo iyi nekugadzira marori avo nemichina inorema (2). Izvi zvinogona kuva nezvikomborero zvakawanda - kwete chete maererano nemari yebasa, asiwo nekuderedza kuwanda kwekugadzirisa motokari uye kusimudza mitemo yehutano nekuchengeteka. Zvisinei, kusvika ikozvino izvi zvinoshanda chete munzvimbo dzakanyatsodzorwa. Kana mota dzinozvimiririra dzichitorwa kunze kwenzvimbo idzi dzekunyaradza, nyaya yekushanda kwavo kwakanaka uye kwakachengeteka inova yakaoma zvakanyanya. Pakupedzisira, kunyanguvezvo, ivo vachatofanira kubuda munyika yokunze, vozvinzvera, uye kushanda zvakakotsekana.

2. Rio Tinto Automated Mining Machines

Robotization indasitiri haina kukwana. Ongororo yeBoka yeMPI inoratidza kuti chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemaitiro ekugadzira nemidziyo, pamwe nemaitiro asiri ekugadzira nemidziyo, yatove nehuchenjeri hwakadzamirwa. Sekureva kwekambani yekubvunza McKinsey & Kambani, kushandiswa kwakapararira kwetekinoroji yekuchengetedza tekinoroji kunogona kuderedza mitengo yekuchengetedza mumakambani ne20%, kuderedza nguva isina kurongeka ne50%, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemuchina nemakore. Mapurogiramu ekudzivirira ekugadzirisa anotarisisa zvishandiso zvine chero nhamba yemamita ekuita.

Kutenga marobhoti zvachose kunogona kuve basa rinodhura. Sezvakataurwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino, mutsva webasa sevhisi iri kubuda. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekurenda marobhoti nemutengo wakaderedzwa, pane kuzvitengera iwe pachako. Nenzira iyi, marobhoti anogona kuitwa nekukurumidza uye nemazvo pasina kuisa mungozi mari yakakura yekudyara. Kune zvakare makambani anopa modular mhinduro inobvumira vanogadzira kushandisa chete izvo zvavanoda. Makambani anopa mhinduro dzakadai anosanganisira: ABB Ltd. Iyo kambani Fanuc Corp.

Vending muchina kumba uye pachivanze

Kugadzirwa kwekurima inzvimbo imwe inofungidzirwa kukurumidza kukundwa neautomation. Zvishandiso zvekurima zvinongoshanda zvinogona kushanda kwemaawa pasina kuzorora uye zvave kutoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakawanda zvebhizimusi rekurima (3). Vanofanotaurwa kuti, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira, vachave nepesvedzero huru yepasi rose pavashandi munguva refu, zvakanyanya kupfuura mumaindasitiri.

3. Zvekurima robhoti ruoko Iron Ox

Automation mune zvekurima inonyanya kufambiswa nepurazi software inotsigira zviwanikwa, chirimwa uye manejimendi emhuka. Kutarisira kwakarurama kunobva pakuongororwa kwezvakaitika kare uye kufanotaura data kunotungamirira kukuchengetedza simba, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemishonga yesora nemishonga yezvipembenene. Iri zvakare dhata remhuka, kubva pakurera mapatani kusvika kune genomics.

Intelligent Autonomous Systems madiridziro anobatsira kudzora nekugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura mumapurazi. Zvese zvinobva pane zvakanyatsounganidzwa uye kuongororwa data, kwete kubva mungowani, asi kubva kune sensor system inounganidza ruzivo uye inobatsira varimi kutarisa hutano hwezvirimwa, mamiriro ekunze uye kunaka kwevhu.

Makambani mazhinji ave kupa mhinduro dzekurima otomatiki. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye FieldMicro uye yayo SmartFarm uye FieldBot masevhisi. Varimi vanoona uye vanonzwa izvo FieldBot (4) inoona nekunzwa, inobatwa neruoko inodzorwa mudziyo unobatanidza nemidziyo yekurima/software.

FieldBots ine yakavakirwa-mukati solar panel, HD kamera nemakrofoni, pamwe nemasensor anotarisisa tembiricha, mhepo, hunyoro, kufamba, ruzha, nezvimwe. Vashandisi vanogona kudzora masisitimu avo ekudiridza, kutsausa mavharuvhu, kuvhura masiraidhi, kutarisisa reservoir uye mwando mwero, kuona marekodhi ehupenyu, teerera mhenyu, uye kudzima pombi kubva panzvimbo yekudzora. FieldBot inodzorwa kuburikidza neSmartFarm chikuva.iyo inobvumira vashandisi kuisa mitemo kune imwe neimwe FieldBot kana akawanda FieldBots kushanda pamwe chete. Mitemo inogona kusetwa kune chero midziyo yakabatana neFieldBot, iyo inogona kumisa mimwe michina yakabatana kune imwe FieldBot. Kuwana papuratifomu kunogoneka kuburikidza ne smartphone, piritsi kana komputa.

FieldMicro yakabatana neanozivikanwa anogadzira michina yepurazi John Deere kuti ape data kune SmartFarm chikuva. Vashandisi vanozokwanisa kuona kwete chete nzvimbo, asiwo mamwe emota mota senge mafuta, oiri uye hydraulic system mazinga. Mirayiridzo inogona zvakare kutumirwa kubva kuSmartFarm chikuva kumichina. Pamusoro pezvo, SmartFarm icharatidza ruzivo nezve mashandisirwo azvino uye huwandu hwemidziyo inoenderana naJohn Deere. Iyo SmartFarm Nzvimbo Nhoroondo zvakare inobvumidza iwe kuti utarise nzira yakatorwa nemuchina mumazuva makumi matanhatu apfuura uye inosanganisira ruzivo rwakadai senzvimbo, kumhanya uye kutungamira. Varimi zvakare vanokwanisa kuwana kure kure nemichina yavo yeJohn Deere kunetsa kana kuita shanduko.

Huwandu hwemarobhoti emaindasitiri hwakapetwa katatu mumakore gumi, kubva painongopfuura miriyoni muna 2010 kusvika pachinangwa che 3,15 miriyoni muna 2020. Nepo otomatiki inogona (uye inoita) kuwedzera kugadzirwa, kuburitsa kwemunhu wega wega, uye huwandu hwehupenyu hwese, pane zvimwe zvinhu zveotomatiki zvinonetsa, sekukanganisa kwazvinoita kune vashandi vasina hunyanzvi.

Mabasa echinyakare uye akaderera-unyanzvi anowanzova nyore kuti marobhoti aite pane ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro asiri emazuva ese mabasa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuwedzera kwenhamba yemarobhoti kana kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hwavo kunotyisidzira mabasa aya. Uye zvakare, vamwe vashandi vane hunyanzvi vanowanzo hunyanzvi mumabasa anoenderana neautomation, senge marobhoti dhizaini nekugadzirisa, kutarisa, uye kutonga. Nekuda kwe otomatiki, kudiwa kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi uye mihoro yavo kunogona kuwedzera.

Pakupera kwa2017, iyo McKinsey Global Institute yakaburitsa chirevo (5) umo yakaverengera kuti kutenderera kusingadzoreki kweautomation kunogona kucheka mabasa anosvika 2030 miriyoni muUnited States chete mugore ra73. "Automation zvirokwazvo chinhu mune ramangwana revashandi," Elliot Dinkin, nyanzvi inozivikanwa yemusika wevashandi, akadaro mumushumo. "Zvisinei, pane zviratidzo zvekuti kukanganisa kwayo pakuderedzwa kwemabasa kunogona kunge kuri kushoma pane zvaitarisirwa."

Dinkin anocherekedzawo kuti, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, otomatiki inowedzera kukura kwebhizinesi uye nekudaro inokurudzira kukura kwebasa pane kurasikirwa nebasa. Muna 1913, Ford Motor Company yakaunza mutsara wekugadzira motokari, ichideredza nguva yegungano yemotokari kubva pamaawa gumi nemaviri kusvika paawa imwe nehafu uye zvichibvumira kuwedzera kukuru kwekugadzirwa. Kubva ipapo, indasitiri yemotokari yakaramba ichiwedzera otomatiki uye ... ichiri kushandisa vanhu - muna 12-2011, kunyangwe otomatiki, nhamba yemabasa muindasitiri iyi yakawedzera neinenge 2017%.

Kunyanya otomatiki kunotungamirira kumatambudziko, muenzaniso wechangobva kuitika weTesla chirimwa muCalifornia, uko, sekubvuma kwake Elon Musk, otomatiki yakawedzeredzwa. Izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa nevanoongorora kubva kukambani ine mukurumbira yeWall Street Bernstein. Elon Musk otomatiki Tesla yakawandisa. Michina iyi, yaigaronzi nemuoni ichachinja indasitiri yemotokari, yakadhura kambani iyi zvekuti kwakamboita kanguva pakatombotaurwa nezvekuti Tesla angangobhuroka.

Tesla's pedyo-yakazara otomatiki Fremont, California yekugadzira nzvimbo, panzvimbo yekumhanyisa uye kugadzirisa kutakura mota nyowani, yave kunetsa kukambani. Chimiro chacho chaisakwanisa kuita basa rekukurumidza kuburitsa modhi itsva yeTesli 3 mota (Onawo: ) Iyo nzira yekugadzira yakatongwa kuva yakanyanya kuda chinzvimbo, ine njodzi uye yakaoma. "Tesla aishandisa zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri semugadziri wemotokari yechinyakare pachikamu chesimba rekugadzira," vanoongorora femu Berstein vakanyora mukuongorora kwavo. “Kambani yakahodha marobhoti akawanda eKuka. Kwete chete kutsika, kupenda uye welding (sekune mamwe akawanda maautomaker) otomatiki, kuyedza kwakaitwa kugadzirisa iyo yekupedzisira gungano maitiro. Pano Tesla anoita kunge ane matambudziko (pamwe chete ne welding uye kuunganidza mabhatiri).

Bernstein anowedzera kuti maautomaker makuru epasirese, iwo maJapan, ari kuyedza kudzikamisa otomatiki nekuti "inodhura uye nenhamba yakashata yakabatana nemhando." Nzira yeJapan ndeyokuti iwe unotanga nzira yekutanga uye wozounza marobhoti. Musk akaita zvakasiyana. Vanoongorora vanoti mamwe makambani emotokari akaedza kugadzira zvikamu zana kubva muzana zvekugadzira kwavo, kusanganisira hofori dzakaita seFiat neVolkswagen, dzakundikanawo.

5. Chiyero chakafanotaurwa chekutsiviwa kwevashandi vevanhu nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa zvigadziriso.

Hackers vanoda indasitiri

inogona kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kutumira matekinoroji matekinoroji. Isu takanyora nezve izvi mune imwe yeazvino nyaya dzeMT. Nepo otomatiki inogona kuunza mabhenefiti akawanda kuindasitiri, haifanirwe kukanganwa kuti kusimudzira kwayo kunouya nematambudziko matsva, rimwe remakuru acho chengetedzo. Mumushumo uchangoburwa neNTT, wakanzi "Global Threat Intelligence Report 2020", pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ruzivo rwakadai, semuenzaniso, kuUK neIreland, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri ndiyo inonyanya kurwiswa cyber sector. Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekurwiswa kwese kwakanyorwa munzvimbo ino, ne21% yekurwiswa pasi rese ichivimba nevanorwisa cyber kuti vatarise masisitimu nekuchengetedza masisitimu.

"Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunoratidzika kunge kuri kwemamwe maindasitiri anotariswa zvakanyanya pasi rose, anowanzo sangana nekubiwa kwezvinhu zvehungwaru," mushumo weNTT unodaro, asi indasitiri iri kuramba ichinetsekana ne "kuburitswa kwedata rezvemari, njodzi dzinoenderana neiyo yepasirese yekugovera cheni. .” uye njodzi dzeutera husingaenzaniswi.”

Vachitaura nezvechishumo, Rory Duncan weNTT Ltd. akasimbisa kuti: "Kuchengetedzeka kwakashata kwehunyanzvi hweindasitiri kwave kuchizivikanwa - masisitimu mazhinji akagadzirirwa kuita, kugona uye kutevedzera, kwete IT kuchengetedzwa." Munguva yakapfuura, vaivimbawo neimwe nzira ye "kuvhara-kuvhara". Maprotocol, mafomati, uye mainterfaces mumasisitimu aya aigara akaomarara uye evaridzi, uye akasiyana neaya aishandiswa mumasisitimu eruzivo, zvichiita kuti zviomere varwisi kukwira kurwiswa kunobudirira. Sezvo masisitimu akawanda achionekwa padandemutande, matsotsi anogadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye anoona masisitimu aya seari panjodzi yekurwiswa. "

Vanachipangamazano vezvekuchengetedza IOActive nguva pfupi yadarika yakatanga cyberattack pamaindasitiri marobhoti masisitimu kuti vape humbowo hwekuti inogona kukanganisa makambani makuru. "Panzvimbo pekunyora data, munhu anorwisa anogona kurwisa zvidimbu zvesoftware yerobhoti kuti robhoti risashande kudzamara rudzikinuro rwabhadharwa," vanoongorora vanodaro. Kuratidza dzidziso yavo, vamiriri veIOActive vakatarisa paNAO, yakakurumbira tsvagiridzo uye robhoti redzidzo. Iyo ine "yakafanana" inoshanda sisitimu uye kushaya simba seSoftBank inotonyanya kuzivikanwa Pepper. Kurwiswa kwacho kunoshandisa isina kunyorwa ficha kuwana kuremotedza kutonga pamusoro pemuchina.

Iwe unogona ipapo kudzima zvakajairwa manejimendi maficha, shandura iyo marobhoti default maficha, uye redirect data kubva kune ese evhidhiyo nemadhidhiyo chiteshi kuenda kune iri kure server paInternet. Matanho anotevera ekurwiswa anosanganisira kukwidziridza kodzero dzevashandisi, kutyora fekitori reset michina, uye kutapurira mafaera ese mundangariro. Mune mamwe mazwi, vanogona kukuvadza robhoti kana kunyange kutyisidzira mumwe munhu mumuviri.

Kana iyo otomatiki maitiro isingavimbisi kuchengetedzwa, inononoka kuita. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti nechishuwo chakadaro chekuita otomatiki uye robotize zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, mumwe munhu angaregeredza nzvimbo yekuchengetedza.