chii uye chinoshandiswa sei mumotokari?

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, takataura pawebhusaiti yedu nezve mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda kweanogovera - iyo ignition breaker-distributor. Parizvino, mugoveri haasati ashandiswa; pachinzvimbo, madiki uye akavimbika akawanda asiri ekubatisa masisitimu akaiswa, kushanda kwawo kunoenderana neHoro mhedzisiro. Chii icho - ngatiedzei kuzviona mune ino chinyorwa.

Mukuonana nemagetsi ekugovera masisitimu, mechanical slider, iyo inotenderera ne rotor, ine basa rekuendesa mari kune imwe neimwe yemakenduru. Zviri pachena kuti mechanical system, netsanangudzo, haigoni kushanda kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda:

• kupfeka kwezvinhu kubva mukukakavadzana;
• kupisa kwevanobatika pasi pesimba remagetsi ezvino uye kupisa kwakanyanya;
• kutaridzika kwekudzokera shure, ndicho chikonzero iwe uchifanira kugara uchigadzirisa kona yekugovera yekupisa kana kutsiva zvachose muparadzi.

Nekudaro, vagadziri uye mainjiniya vanogara vachitsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa, saka vakasarudza kuzvibvunza ivo mubvunzo: iwe ungagovera sei mutero pakati pemakenduru pasina kushandisa michina michina. Sarudzo yavo yakawira paHoro mhedzisiro.

Edwin Hall muna 1879 akakwevera kutarisisa kune chinonakidza chiitiko - kana magetsi ekufambisa akafamba kuburikidza nekondukita, ipapo kutungamira kwekufamba kwaro kuchakanganiswa negineti. Nemashoko akareruka, maerekitironi achafamba perpendicular kune magnetic field, maererano, pamagumo akasiyana eiyi semiconductor zvinokwanisika kugadzira mutsauko unogona kuitika. Nekupesvedzera kutungamira kweiyo magnetic field, tinogona kutaura pamagumo emugadziri akapiwa simba remagetsi richaunganidza.

Zviripachena kuti isu takapa fungidziro yemharidzo yezvakakosha zveichi chiitiko. Mumabhuku efizikisi, inotsanangurwa zvakadzama kuti akasiyana maitiro achakanganisa sei ukuru hwezvingangoita:

• Lorentz force - simba iro iro magnetic field inobata erekitironi imwe chete;
• ikozvino density;
• charge carrier concentration;
• simba remunda wemagetsi.

Kubva pane zvese izvi data, iyo Horo yenguva dzose yakatorwa, iyo inosarudza kuti kuyerera kwemaerekitironi mumasimbi akasiyana kuchaita sei.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti maitiro eHoro haana kuwana kushanda kunoshanda munguva idzodzo dziri kure dzezana ramakore reXNUMX, sezvo vanhu vasati vadzidza kugadzira angave magineti esimba rinodiwa, kana yakananga ikozvino, uye zvakatonyanya maconductor matete. Ndiko kuti, mumazuva iwayo rakanga riri dambudziko redzidziso, iro rakazarura mikana kune vefizikisi kuti vanzwisise zviri nani chimiro chenyika nemitemo yayo.

Kushanda

Nhasi, mamiriro acho achinja zvakanyanya uye chiitiko ichi chinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehupenyu:

• zvemagetsi;
• redhiyo zvemagetsi;
• kuvaka injini;
• indasitiri nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukadhawunirodha application yakaita se "Compass" kune yako smartphone, kana kuti watove nayo pekutanga yakaiswa, ipapo museve unogara wakanongedza kuNorth Pole chaizvo nekuda kwekuita kweiyo Earth magnetic field pakuyerera kwezvimedu zvinochaja. . Asi sezvo Vodi.su iri portal yakatsaurirwa kumisoro yemotokari, isu tinonyanya kufarira kushandisa maitiro kumota.

Zvinogona kutaurwa, semuenzaniso, kuti masensa anonyoresa kumhanya kwekutenderera kwe crankshaft kana mavhiri emota anoshandawo paHoro mhedzisiro.

Asi iyo nzvimbo huru yekushandiswa kwayo ndiyo iginition system, uye pano matanho akati wandei anogona kusiyaniswa:

• kushandiswa kweHoro sensor sechikamu chemugovera, kwaanoita semumhanyi, ndiko kuti, inogovera kusvetwa kune vanobatana neakasiyana spark plugs;
• iyo Hall sensor inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemagetsi ekudzima - hapana muparadzi, sekudaro, kune imwe chete coil ine kaviri mhepo uye sensor, ine yakakwira voltage inobuda waya kune yega kenduru;
• zvachose contactless system - kenduru imwe neimwe ine yayo yekudzima coil.

Zvakanaka, mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kudiwa kwekushandisa sensor yeHoro semuparadzi wemoto inonyangarika zvachose, semuenzaniso, mune yemagetsi system, yemagetsi control unit ine basa rekugovera iyo charge, iyo inogamuchira masaini kubva ku crankshaft uye camshaft chinzvimbo sensors. . Nekudaro, idzi sensors dzinoshanda pahwaro hweHoro mhedzisiro.

hall effect

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