chii chiri mumota? Nheyo yekushanda, mudziyo uye chinangwa
ESP kana Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm ndeimwe yekugadziridzwa kweiyo mota kugadzikana kwekudzora sisitimu, iyo yakatanga kuiswa pamotokari dzeVolkswagen kunetseka uye zvikamu zvayo zvese: VW, Audi, Seat, Skoda, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini.
Nhasi, mapurogiramu akadai akaiswa pane dzinenge mota dzese dzakagadzirwa muEurope, USA, uye kunyange akawanda maChinese mhando:
- European - Mercedes-Benz, Opel, Peugeot, Chevrolet, Citroen, Renault, Saab, Scania, Vauxhall, Jaguar, Land Rover, Fiat;
- American - Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep;
- Korean - Hyundai, SsangYong, Kia;
- Japanese - Nissan;
- Chinese - Chery;
- Malaysian - Proton nevamwe.
Nhasi, chirongwa ichi chinozivikanwa sechinosungirwa munenge nyika dzese dzeEurope, muU.SA, Israel, New Zealand, Australia neCanada. MuRussia, ichi chinodiwa hachisati chaiswa pamberi pevagadziri vemotokari, zvisinei, iyo LADA XRAY nyowani zvakare yakashongedzerwa nekosi yekudzikamisa system, kunyangwe mutengo weiyo crossover wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo emamwe bhajeti mota, senge Lada Kalina kana. Niva 4x4.
Zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti isu takatofunga nezve mamwe magadzirirwo eiyo stabilization system - ESC paVodi.su. Muchidimbu, ivo vese vanoshanda zvinoenderana nezvakawanda kana zvishoma zvirongwa zvakafanana, kunyangwe paine misiyano yakati.
Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa zvakadzama.
Mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda
Nheyo yekushanda iri nyore - akawanda ma sensors anoongorora akasiyana ma paramita ekufamba kwemota uye kushanda kwemasisitimu ayo. Ruzivo runotumirwa kune yemagetsi control unit, iyo inoshanda zvinoenderana neyakatsanangurwa algorithms.
Kana, semugumisiro wekufamba, chero mamiriro ezvinhu anocherechedzwa kana mota ichikwanisa, semuenzaniso, kupinda mu skid, kukungurukira, kutyaira kunze kwenzira yayo, nezvimwewo, iyo yemagetsi unit inotumira masaini kune actuators - iyo hydraulic mavharuvhu. ye brake system, nekuda kwekuti zvese kana rimwe remavhiri, uye emergency zvinodziviswa.
Mukuwedzera, iyo ECU inobatanidzwa nemagetsi ekudzima. Saka, kana injini isiri kushanda zvakanaka (somuenzaniso, motokari iri mumugwagwa wemotokari, uye masilinda ose ari kushanda nesimba rakazara), spark inopa kune imwe yemakenduru inogona kumira. Nenzira imwecheteyo, ECU inopindirana nejini kana zvakakosha kuderedza kukurumidza kwemotokari.
Mamwe ma sensors (yekutungamirira vhiri kona, gasi pedal, throttle position) kutarisa zviito zvejini mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Uye kana zviito zvemutyairi zvisingaenderane nemamiriro etraffic (semuenzaniso, vhiri rinoda kutenderedzwa kwete zvakanyanya, kana brake pedal inoda kudzvanywa zvakanyanya), mirairo inoenderana inotumirwa zvakare kune actuators kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu.
Zvinhu zvikuru zveESP ndezvi:
- iyo chaiyo control unit;
- hydroblock;
- masensa ekumhanya, kumhanya kwevhiri, vhiri rekutyaira angle, brake pressure.
Zvakare, kana zvichidikanwa, komputa inogamuchira ruzivo kubva kune throttle valve sensor uye chinzvimbo che crankshaft.
Zviri pachena kuti yakaoma algorithms anoshandiswa kuongorora ese anouya data, nepo sarudzo dzichiitwa muchidimbu chesekondi. Saka, iyo inotevera mirairo inogona kugamuchirwa kubva kune control unit:
- kubhureka mavhiri emukati kana ekunze kudzivirira kutsvedza kana kuwedzera radius yekutendeuka paunenge uchityaira nekumhanya kukuru;
- kudzima kweimwe kana anopfuura ejini silinda kuderedza torque;
- shanduko muchiyero chekumisikidza damping - iyi sarudzo inowanikwa chete pamotokari ine adaptive kusimiswa;
- kushandura kona yekutenderera kwemavhiri epamberi.
Nekuda kwemaitiro aya, nhamba yetsaona munyika umo ESP inocherechedzwa seinosungirwa yakadzikira nechetatu. Bvumirana kuti komputa inofunga nekukurumidza uye inoita sarudzo dzakakodzera, kusiyana nemutyairi, anogona kunge akaneta, asina ruzivo, kana kudhakwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuvapo kweESP system kunoita kuti motokari isadavirire kutyaira, sezvo zvose zviito zvemutyairi zvinonyatsotariswa. Nokudaro, zvinokwanisika kubvisa kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa hurongwa, kunyange izvi zvisingakurudzirwi.
Nhasi, nekuda kwekuiswa kweESP uye mamwe masisitimu anobatsira - ma sensor ekupaka, anti-lock mabhureki, brake force distribution system, Traction Control (TRC) nevamwe - nzira yekutyaira yave nyore.
Zvisinei, usakanganwa nezvemitemo yekuchengeteka uye mitemo yemigwagwa.
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