Ko nhamba yekutanga yemafuta emota inorevei?
Zviri mukati
Chirevo chemakemikari yenheyo nhamba
Hwaro nhamba yemafuta einjini (yakapfupikiswa TBN muzvinyorwa zveChirungu) kukosha kunoratidza huwandu hwe potassium hydroxides mugiramu remafuta einjini. Chiyero chechiyero ndeye mgKOH/g.
Sezvaunoziva, alkali imhando yekupesana neasidhi. Maasidhi mazhinji, zvisinei nemakemikari anoaumba, haadzorerwe kana akabatana nealkali. Ndiko kuti, vanorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwavo kupa hydrogen cation uye vanoshandurwa kuita mashoma anoshanda emakemikari makomisheni.
Potassium hydroxide ine imwe yeakasimba acid neutralizing zvivakwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhinduro yeKOH ine simba rekutsemura, kunyungudika uye kugeza zvinhu. Mushonga uyu, semuenzaniso, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira maindasitiri e detergent nziyo. Naizvozvo, kumafuta emota, kana uchiverenga nhamba yekutanga, i potassium hydroxide inotorwa sechikamu chepasi.
Inoshanda kukosha
Oiri yeinjini inoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kudzvinyirirwa, tembiricha yakakwira, mafuta anopinda nepakati pemhete, magasi anopisa uye soot - zvese izvi zvinotungamira kusingadzivisiki shanduko yemakemikari yezvose zvigadziko uye zvinowedzera zveoiri.
Pasi pesimba rekushisa kwepamusoro uye pamberi peokisijeni, mafuta ejini anoiswa oxidized. Kunyangwe iyo base kuumbwa, kunyanya ekugadzira mota oiri, ine yakakwira makemikari kugadzikana, maokisisi anogadzirwa zvisingaite pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Chii chakashata nemaokisi? Kazhinji, oxidation yemafuta einjini ndiko kupera kwayo. Mushure mezvose, nzira yekupisa pachayo ndeye, kubva kune chemikemikari yekuona, inonzi oxidation reaction nekusunungurwa kwekupisa. Uye zvigadzirwa zvekuita kwakadaro, kureva, maokisi, kazhinji, ibasa risingabatsiri remakemikari asina kwaakarerekera kana asingashande makomisheni.
Kuti uwane tsananguro pfupi yehuwandu hweakawanda eaya maokisi, pane kunyange yakakosha izwi - sludge. Zvigadzirwa zvekuparara kwemafuta emafuta, kureva, sludge, zvinogara panzvimbo yejini, izvo zvinotungamirira pakusvibiswa kwayo. Motokari yakasviba inogona kukonzera kupisa. Zvakare, twumadhaka tunowanzo twuine superhard oxides inoshanda semabrasives.
Mamwe emaokisi ari kuita makemikari. Vamwe vavo vanokwanisa kutanga maitiro ekuora kana kuparadza munzvimbo dzisiri dzesimbi dzemota (kunyanya rubber seals).
Potassium hydroxide inoshanda mumativi maviri:
- partial neutralization yezvinoguma acids;
- kupatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogoneka zvemadhaka makomboni uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kwawo.
Kana injini iri kushanda, nhamba yepasi peinjini yemafuta inoderera, inova maitiro akajairika.
Kufungidzira kwehwaro nhamba yemafuta einjini
Nhamba yehwaro inenge inogara ichiratidzwa pane gaba remafuta kumashure kweiyo label. Parizvino, nhamba iyi inosiyana kubva pa5 (yemafuta akareruka uye akachipa) kusvika 14 mgKOH/g.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaenzana, maokisi akawanda anoumbwa muinjini dzedhiziri. Kutanga, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwemafuta. Iyo sulfur yemukati mumafuta edhiziri yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mupeturu. Uye sulfure inowanzoita maokisidi akasiyana-siyana kana yaiswa kune tembiricha yepamusoro.
Chechipiri, mamiriro ekushanda einjini yedhiziri akanyanya kuoma. Kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro, kupisa kwepamusoro muimba yekupisa. Somugumisiro, nzira yekupisa kunze kwemafuta inowedzera kushanda.
Naizvozvo, kumafuta edhiziri chaiwo, nhamba yekutanga ye9 mgKOH / g uye pamusoro inoonekwa seyakajairika. Kune injini dzepeturu, zvinodikanwa zvakati zvishoma. Kune injini dzisina kumanikidzwa dzinomhanya papeturu, 7-8 mgKOH / g ichakwana.
Zvisinei, kune mafuta umo nhamba yepasi yakaderera. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mafuta akaipa, uye zvakanakisisa kurega kuishandisa. Inofanira kunzwisiswa kuti kushambidza zvinhu zvemafuta akadaro zvichave zvakaderera. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti padyo nekutsiviwa (apo iyo yekutanga yakaderera huwandu hwealkali inoderera), maitiro ekugadzira madhaka achakurumidza. Nokudaro, mafuta ane nhamba yakaderera yepasi anokurudzirwa kuchinjwa kakawanda.
Rutivi rwakarebesa rwemari inyaya yekuti nekusimbiswa kwepakeji yekuwedzera, nhamba yekutanga inodererawo. Ndiko kuti, muchirevo, kunyanya kumafuta asingadhuri, nhamba imwechete yepamusoro yepamusoro inogona kuratidza kuderera kwekuumbwa kwezvimwe zvakakosha zvinowedzera.
