Chii chinonzi kumisa basa?

Kumiswa kunoshanda kunonzi kusimudzira, iwo ma parameter ayo anogona kuchinja panguva yekushanda. Mune mamwe mazwi, kumisikidza kwakasimba kunogona kudzora (hydraulically kana electromagnetically) kufamba kwakamira kwemavhiri emota. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa iyo-bhodhi system inoongorora mugwagwa, kurerekera, kumhanyisa uye huwandu hwemotokari

Chii chinonzi kuturika kushingaira

Rudzi rwekumiswa urwu runogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: kumiswa kwakazara uye kuturika kusiri-kwekuita. Musiyano uripo pakati pemakirasi maviri aya ndewekuti kunyangwe kumiswa kwekushanda kuchikanganisa zvese zvinokatyamadza uye chero chinhu chekisasi, kumiswa kunoenderana kunogona kungokanganisa vanobatika.

Iyo yekumisa inoshanda inoitirwa kugadzirisa kuchengetedzeka kwemotokari uye nekupa yakatokura yevatakuri nyaradzo, uye izvi zvinoitwa nekushandura kumisikidza kumisikidzwa.

Rudzi rwekumiswa, senge chero imwe nzira yekumisa, mubatanidzwa wezvinhu uye nzira dzinovimbisa kunyaradzwa nekuchengeteka kwemutyairi nevafambi mumotokari.

Kubata uye kudzikama kwemotokari zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nemhando yekusimudzwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vazhinji uye vagadziri vemota uye varidzi vari kutendeukira kune inogadziriswa inomiswa iyo inogona kuchinjiswa kune chero mhando yemugwagwa pamusoro.

Chigadzirwa uye musimboti wekuita kwekumiswa kunoshanda

Sechishandiso, iko kumisa kushingaira hakusiyane zvakanyanya nekumiswa kwakasarudzika kunowanikwa mune dzakawanda mota dzazvino. Izvo zvinoshaikwa mune mamwe marudzi ekumiswa kuri paneboardboard yezvinhu zvekumisa, asi zvimwe pane izvo gare gare ...

Isu takataura pakutanga kuti iyo yekumisa inoshanda inogona kuchinja otomatiki maitiro ayo (adapta) pane nhunzi.

Kuti aite izvi, zvakadaro, anofanira kutanga aunganidza ruzivo rwakakosha nezve mamiriro azvino ekutyaira mota. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa akasiyana sensors anounganidza data pamhando uye nekutsetseka kwemugwagwa pamusoro pekuti mota iri kufamba, nzvimbo yemutumbi wemota, parameter yekutyaira, dhizaini yekutyaira uye imwe data (zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechassis inogadziriswa). ).

Iyo data yakaunganidzwa nema sensors inoenda kune iyo mota yemagetsi yekudzora unit, uko inogadziriswa nekupihwa kune avo vanovhundutsa vanobata uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekumisa. Paunongopihwa iwo murairo kuti uchinje iwo ma parameter, iyo sisitimu inotanga kuchinjika kune yakatarwa nzira yekumisa: yakajairwa, yakasununguka kana yemitambo.

Anoshanda ekumisa zvinhu

• kutonga kwemagetsi;
• chinjika tsvimbo;
• kushingaira kuvhunduka absorbers;
• sensors.

Iyo yemagetsi unit yeiyo adaptive system inodzora mashandiro modes ekumiswa. Chinhu ichi chinoongorora ruzivo rwunotumirwa kwairi nema sensors uye ndokutumira chiratidzo kune echinyorwa kudzora mudziyo unodzorwa nemutyairi.

Iyo tsvimbo inogadziriswa inoshandura mwero wekuomarara kwayo zvichienderana nechiratidzo chakapihwa kwairi neyuniti yemagetsi. Yemazuva ano adapta yekumisa kudzora masisitimu anogamuchira uye kugadzirisa masisitimu nekukurumidza, zvichibvumira mutyairi kuti achinje kumisa maseturu padanho nekukurumidza.

Adjustable kuvhunduka absorbers

Ichi chinhu chinogona kukurumidza kupindura kune mhando yemugwagwa wepasi uye nenzira iyo mota iri kufamba, ichichinja iyo degree yekuomarara kweiyo yekumisa system. Iwo ma dampers anoshandiswa mukumisa kwekushanda ari anoshanda solenoid dampers uye magnetic rheological fluid dampers.

Shock absorbers dzerudzi rwekutanga dzinoshandura kuomarara kwekumiswa kuburikidza nevhavha yemagetsi, uye yechipiri mhando izere neakasarudzika fluid inoshandura viscosity yayo pasi pesimba remagineti.

Sensors

Aya ndiwo marongedzero akagadzirwa kuyera uye kutora data anodiwa pakombuta-bhodhi kuti achinje marongero nemipimo yekumisa kana zvichidikanwa.

Ndinovimba tange takwanisa kupa kujekesa zvishoma pane izvo zvinomiswa zvinoshanda, asi ngatione kuti kumiswa uku kunoshanda zvakadii.

Fungidzira iwe uchityaira munzira huru uye kukwirwa kwako kwakatsetseka (sekutsetseka sezvazvinowana munzira dzinojairika). Nekudaro, pane imwe nguva, iwe wafunga kusiya mugwagwa mukuru uye uteedzere nzira yechitatu-kirasi, ine makomba makomba.

Kana iwe uine kumisikidzwa kwakamisikidzwa, iwe hauna imwe sarudzo kunze kwekuona iko kubhenekera kwekabhini kuri kuwedzera uye mota yako ichirovera kakawanda uye zvisingafadzi. Unofanira zvakare kuchenjerera paunenge uchityaira uye uchityaira zvishoma uye nekuchenjerera, sezvo paine njodzi yekutadza kudzora mota mune chero mapundu.

Nekudaro, kana iwe uine kumiswa kwakasimba, shanduko iyi mumhando yenzira yauri kukwira haizokukanganisa chero nzira, nekuti kana uchinge wangobuda mumugwagwa mukuru, unogona kungogadzirisa madhamu uye anozoita. iva "zvakaoma". kana zvinopesana - kana uri kutyaira mumugwagwa une makomba mumugwagwa mukuru, unogona kugadzirisa zvakare kumiswa kuitira kuti ive "yakapfava".

Zvese izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwekumiswa kunoshanda, uko kunogona kungoenderana nemugwagwa wako uye nemhando yekutyaira.

Ehe, sezvatakambotaura pakutanga, kuti kumisa kuchakwanisa kuchinjika kwakadii zvinoenderana nekuti inoshanda here kana kuti inochinja. Muchiitiko chekutanga, iwe unogona kugadzirisa kumira kwese, uye mune yechipiri, chete kuvhunduka kunobata.

Kushanda kumiswa

Misiyano yakakosha pakati peyakajairwa nekusimudzira kumisikidza
Iyo yakajairwa kuturika, iyo inowanikwa pane dzese dzakadzika nepakati nepakati mota, inogona kupa kugadzikana uye nyaradzo yemota uchifamba, asi kune imwe huru dhosheni. Sezvo pasina mabasa anochinja, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwezvinhu zvinotyisa zvinotakurwa nemotokari, inogona kupa kubata kwakanaka nekunyaradza mumugwagwa uye mune yakanaka mamiriro, pamwe nekunyaradzwa kana uchityaira mumigwagwa isina kuenzana.

Pane zvinopesana, kumisa kushingaira kunogona kupa kunyaradzwa kwakazara uye kubata kwakanaka, zvisinei nedanho remugwagwa pamusoro, nzira yekutyaira kana mhando yerudzi rwemotokari.

Kwese kwaunenge uri, iyo inoshanda yekumisa system ine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya uye inogona kupa yakanyanyisa kukwirira kwekufamba nyaradzo uye chengetedzo yakakwana.

Izvo chete zvinokanganisa kumhando iyi yekumisa yatinogona kutaura ndeye mutengo wepamusoro mutengo, uyo unogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wekutanga wemotokari, uye huwandu hwakasimba hwekuchengetedza iyo yega muridzi wemotokari anomisa anofanirwa kutarisira kubhadhara. mune ramangwana.

Kushandiswa kwekusimudzira kuturika

Sezvo mutengo wekusimudzira unoshanda wakanyanya kukwirira, nhasi kumiswa kwakadaro kunogona kuwanikwa kunyanya mumhando dzemotokari dzemhando dzakadai seMercedes-Benz, BMW, Opel, Toyota, Volkswagen, Citroen nevamwe.

Zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo emhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari, mugadziri wega wega anoshandisa kumisikidza kushandira kumisikidza yavo mamodheru emota.

Semuenzaniso, AVS system inonyanya kushandiswa neToyota neLexus, BMW inoshandisa Adaptive Drive Active Suspension System, Porsche inoshandisa Porsche Active Suspension Management System (PASM), OPEL inoshandisa Continuous Damping System (DSS), Mercedes-Benz inoshandisa iyo Adaptive Damping System (ADS). etc.

Imwe yeaya masisitimu anoshanda akagadzirirwa zvido zveimwe mota mota uye anogona kuita akasiyana mabasa.

Iyo BMW Adaptive Suspension, semuenzaniso, inogadzirisa iyo yekudzikisira simba yeanoshamisira mafambisi uye inovimbisa kutyaira kunyaradzwa. Adaptive Drive ine yemagetsi system, uye nerubatsiro rwe switch switch mutyairi anogona kusarudza yakanyanya nyore kutyaira sarudzo: yakajairwa, yakasununguka kana yemitambo.

Suspension Opel Continuous Damping Control (DSS) inobvumidza iwe kugadzirisa damper marongero zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Opel iri kugadzirira chizvarwa chitsva chekusimudzira kumiswa - FlexRide, umo iyo yekumisa modhi inogona kusarudzwa pakubata kwebhatani.

Porsche's PASM sisitimu inogona kutaurirana nemavhiri ese emota uye kugadzirisa zvese damping chiyero uye kukwira kukwira.

MuMercedes ADS inomisa kuturika, chiyero chematsutso chinoshandurwa ne hydraulic actuator, iyo inopa yakanyanya kumanikidza mafuta kumanikidza kune anovhunduka mafodya. Chitubu, chakaiswa coaxially pane yekuvhundutsa absorber, inokanganiswa neiyo hydraulic fluid yeiyo hydraulic humburumbira.

Iyo yekuvhundutsa inobata ma hydraulic cylinders anodzorwa nemagetsi, ayo anosanganisira gumi nematanhatu maseru (echinzvimbo chemuviri, kureba, lateral, kutwasuka kwekumira, kupindirana, nezvimwewo). Iyo ADS system inodzivisa zvachose roller yemuviri pasi pemamiriro akasiyana siyana ekutyaira (kutendeuka, kumhanyisa, kumira), uye zvakare inogadzirisa chinzvimbo chehurefu hwemuviri (mota inoderera ne13 mm nekumhanya pamusoro pe11 km / h)

Imwe yemapurojekiti anonakidza eiyo inoshanda kumiswa system inopihwa neHyundai pamotokari dzavo. Iyo AGCS inoshanda geometry suspension system inobvumira mutyairi kuti achinje kureba kwemaoko ekumisa, nekudaro achichinja chinhambwe kumavhiri ekumashure. Iyo yemagetsi drive inoshandiswa kushandura urefu.

Paunenge uchityaira munzira yakatwasuka uye kana uchimhanyisa pamhepo yakadzika, iyo sisitimu inoisa iwo mashoma kusangana. Zvisinei, sezvo kumhanya kuchikura, sisitimu inochinja, ichideredza chinhambwe kumavhiri ekumashure, nokudaro ichiwana kuwedzera kudzikama.

Nhoroondo ipfupi yekusimudzira kumisikidza

Nhoroondo yerudzi urwu rwekumiswa yakatanga anopfuura makumi maviri emakore apfuura, apo mainjiniya eLotus akaisa yavo F1 mijaho yemotokari nekumiswa kunoshanda. Nehurombo, kuyedza kwekutanga hakuna kubudirira zvakanyanya, nekuti kumiswa kwacho kwaisangoita ruzha uye kwaive nematambudziko nekudengenyeka, asi zvakare kwakapedza simba rakawandisa. Nekuwedzera kweakanyanya kudhura emitengo yekugadzira, zvinova pachena kuti sei rudzi urwu rwekusimudzwa rusina kugamuchirwa zvakanyanya.

Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza madhipatimendi einjiniya ehofori huru dzemotokari, kukanganisa kwekutanga kwekumisikidzwa kwakakundwa, uye kwatanga kuiswa pane mamwe emhando dzemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro. Ndivo vaiva vokutanga kuisa kushanda kumiswa kubva Citroen, ipapo Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, Nissan, Volkswagen, nezvimwewo.

Nhasi, yakawanda uye yakasarudzika mota dzemhando yepamusoro dzakashongedzerwa nekusimudzwa kunoenderana. Zvinosuruvarisa, mutengo werudzi urwu rwekumiswa uchiri wakawandisa kune wepakati mutengi, asi isu tinovimba kuti munguva pfupi isu, vepakati boka, tinokwanisa kutenga mota nekumisa kushingaira.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinorehwa nokuturika? Aya mashura ekuvhundutsa, zvitubu, zvitsigiro, zvakagadziriswa nezvinhu zvakanyorova (zvine chikamu chakapfava cherabha chinotora vibrations) pamutumbi wemotokari kana furemu.

Kumiswa kwemota ndekwechii? Paunenge uchityaira mumugwagwa, mota inogamuchira kuvhunduka uye kuvhunduka kubva kumavhiri nekuda kwenzvimbo dzisina kuenzana (maburi nemapumbu). Kumiswa kunopa hufambiro hwakatsetseka uye kugara uchisangana nemavhiri nemugwagwa.

Ndeapi marudzi emapendenti? Yakajairwa kaviri-lever, yakawanda-link, De Dion, inotsamira, semi-inotsamira uye MacFarson strut. Motokari dzakawanda dzinoshandisa kumiswa kwakasanganiswa (McPherson strut kumberi uye semi-yakasununguka kumashure).