Chii chinonzi pombi yegasi yemota uye mashandiro ayo

Iyo pombi yegasi chikamu chakakosha chemota, pasina izvo hazvigoneke kuendesa mafuta kumagetsi einjini uye, chokwadika, kubatidza musanganiswa wemhepo-peturu kumisikidza iro boka repiston. Wese mutyairi anofanirwa kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemotokari. Izvi zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvekuita kana mota isingade kutanga, kana matanga paunenge uchityaira.

Pombi yemafuta iri kupi?

Nzvimbo yepombi yemafuta inoenderana nemota yemota. In the classic ine longitudinal injini, iyi michina inogona kuiswa padhuze necrankshaft. Models ine inopfuura mota inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa pombi yemuchina inoiswa munzvimbo yecamshaft. Ichi chinzvimbo chakajairika chekugadziriswa kwemishini.

Kana zviri sarudzo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa mumotokari jekiseni, dhizaini yavo yakaoma kukunda iya yemagetsi. Panguva yekushanda, pombi yakadaro inoita ruzha rwakadzikama. Kunze kweruzha uye kudengenyeka, iyo magetsi inoshandurwa inopisa zvakanyanya.

Nezvikonzero izvi, mainjiniya pavazhinji vagadziri vemota vakaisa iyi michina yakanangana mutangi remafuta. Kutenda neizvi, iko kushanda kwepombi yemafuta kuri kusinganzwisisike uye panguva imwechete kwakanyoroveswa zvakanaka.

Chinangwa uye musimboti wekushanda kwepombi yemafuta

Zita rechishandiso pacharo rinotaura nezvechinangwa charo. Iyo pombi inopomba mafuta kubva mudura kuenda kune carburetor kana kuburikidza nemajekiseni akananga mukati memasirinda pachawo. Nheyo yekushanda kwechikamu haitsamire pahukuru hwayo uye nemuenzaniso.

Yese yazvino injini yemukati yemagetsi ine pombi yemagetsi yemagetsi. Chinoshanda sei?

Pombi yemagetsi peturu inoshanda sei

Mhando dzemagetsi dzinoshanda pachinhu ichi. Chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa kubva pa-board board, uye pombi inotanga kupomba peturu mumutsara. Kana injini ikasatanga, ECU inodzima mudziyo kuitira kuti isazotsva.

Ipo injini ichimhanya, iyo unit yekudzvanya inoongorora iyo throttle chinzvimbo uye peturu kuyerera chiyero. Iyo komputa inoshandurawo kumhanya kwepombi yekumhanyisa kuwedzera kana kudzikisa huwandu hwemafuta ari kutakurwa.

Iyo pombi yemagetsi peturu ine chii?

Pombi dzemagetsi peturu dzine:

• mota yemagetsi;
• hydraulic blower.

Motokari yemagetsi inodiwa kuitira kuti huni yemafuta isatsamire pakumhanya kweinjini yemota, sekuchinjika kwemuchina.

Chikamu chechipiri chine vharuvhu yekuchengetedza (inoderedza kumanikidza kwakanyanya) uye vharuvhu yekutarisa (haibvumidze peturu kuti idzokere mutangi).

Mhando dzemapombi egasi uye mashandiro avo

Pombi dzese dzemafuta dzakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri:

• mechanical;
• magetsi.

Kunyange hazvo iro basa hombe remidziyo richiramba risina kuchinjika, ivo vanosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe musimboti wekushanda

Zvokuimba mhando

Ichi chikamu chepombi peturu chinoshandiswa pane injini dzemotokari. Iwo akaisirwa padyo padyo nemota, sezvo achiendeswa nekutenderera camshaft (pamberi-vhiri rekutyaira mota, iyo camshaft yakagadzirirwa eccentric iyo inotyaira pusher yepombi lever) kana kutenderera kwemafuta epombi mota (kumashure-vhiri mota mota).

Aya mapombi ane dhizaini yakapusa. Mukati mavo mune diaphragm inotakura chitubu. Pakati, yakasungirirwa kune tsvimbo inopwanya ruoko rwekutyaira. Kune mavhavha maviri muchikamu chepamusoro chemuviri. Imwe inoshanda kupinza peturu mukamuri, imwe kuti ibudemo. Huwandu hwemafuta anopihwa kune carburetor zvinoenderana nenzvimbo iri pamusoro pepombi diaphragm.

Iyo camshaft eccentric (kana, mune yekumusoro-vhiri yekutyaira mota, iyo cam yemafuta pombi yekutyaira) inotyaira iyo pusher, iyo, ichishandisa lever, inoshandura chinzvimbo cheiyo membrane. Kana eccentric ichifamba, diaphragm inoderedzwa uye gaba rinogadzirwa mumudziyo wepombi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo vheji yekudyara inoitwa uye peturu inopinda mukamuri.

Iyo inotevera kufamba kwekam cam inobvumira iyo chitubu-yakatakurwa diaphragm kuti idzokere kunzvimbo yayo. Izvi zvinovaka kumanikidza mukamuri, uye mafuta anoyerera nepasefa yekuzadza kuenda kune carburetor.

Pombi yemagetsi yemagetsi nemhando dzadzo

Pombi dzemagetsi dzemagetsi dzinoiswa pane jekiseni mhando mota. Muchiitiko ichi, mafuta anofanirwa kupihwa pasi pekumanikidza, saka michina yemhando haibatsiri pano.

Pombi dzakadai dzinogona kutowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemafuta, sezvo dzatove nemagetsi. Pakati pemhando dzose, pane matatu makuru mhando:

1. chinotenderera;
2. centrifugal;
3. giya.

1) Rotary roller mapombi akaisirwa chero papi mumutsara wemafuta. Ivo vanoshanda pane musimboti wekufambisa iwo anotenderera mukati meanofuridza. Iyo rotor yemagetsi emagetsi inowanikwa ine shoma kukanganisika zvine chekuita neiyo roller iri mune blower kamuri.

Kana iyo rotor ichitenderera, iyo roller yakatamiswa, kubva kune iyo vacuum inogadzirwa mune iyo mhango. Mafuta anoyerera achipinda mupombi kuburikidza nevharuvhu inopinza. Sezvo roller inotenderera, peturu inobuda munzvimbo kuburikidza nevhavha yekuzadza.

2) Centrifugal mamodheru anogara achiiswa mukati megasi tangi. An impeller yakaiswa pane yemagetsi mota shaft. Inotenderera mukati memudziyo wemufuridzi. Iko kushushikana kwemafuta mukamuri kunogadzirwa kubva pakumhanya kwekutenderera kwemazai. Zvino, kuburikidza nevhavha yekuzadza, peturu inopinda mumutsetse wemafuta, uko kunomanikidzwa kunodiwa.

3) Iyi mhando yepombi peturu inoshandawo nekutenderedza shaft ine offset axis. Iyo giya yakatarwa kune iyo rotor, iyo iri mukati mechipiri giya. Mafuta anopinda muchikamu chekamuri nekuda kwekufamba kwemagiya.

Mota zhinji dzakashongedzerwa nepombi dzema centrifugal. Ivo vanopa kuyerera kutsetseka kwepeturu uye zviri nyore kugadzira.

Kukanganisa kukuru kwepombi yemafuta

Nekuda kwavo dhizaini yakapusa, emagetsi pombi mamodheru ane hupenyu hwakareba hwebasa. Uye zvemuchina izvo hazviputse. Kazhinji kazhinji, iyo membrane, kana iyo chitubu chiri pasi payo, inokundikana mavari.

Heano makuru malfunctions emapombi epeturu emagetsi:

• Kupisa kweinjini yemagetsi nekuda kwekuwandisa kutyaira nehuremu hwemafuta mutangi.
• Kuwedzeredzwa kwevanosangana, kana kukanganisa kune wiring yemagetsi.
• Yakavharwa firita.
• Kupfeka kwezvikamu zvinofamba.

Iko kushandira kwepombi dzemafuta kunoongororwa seinotevera.

1. Zvokuimba. Ivhavha yepamusoro inobviswa uye mamiriro eiyo diaphragm anoongororwa. Kuti uedze iko muchiito, unofanirwa kubvisa pombi kubva ku carburetor uye kutanga injini. Kana iyo jeti ichiyerera zvakaenzana uye iine kumanikidza kwakanaka, saka iri kushanda nemazvo.
2. Magetsi. Izvo zvinotoreruka kutarisa kushanda kwavo. Kana mota ikave yakavhenekwa (ichitenderedza kiyi imwe nzvimbo), mwenje wekuongorora unouya. Panguva ino, pombi yemafuta inofanira kutanga kushanda. Mutyairi anofanirwa kunzwa buzz yakaderera kwemasekondi 1-1,5. Kana ruzha urwu rusina kunzwika, saka chimwe chinhu chaitika kupombi.

Kazhinji kazhinji, kuputsika kwepombi dzemafuta zvinobviswa nekutsiva kwavo kwakazara. Kana zvikaitika kutadza kweembrane mumamodeli emakanika, inogona kutsiviwa neimwe nyowani nekutenga peturu yekugadzirisa kit muchitoro.

Maitiro ekuisa pombi yemagetsi gasi pane injini yecarburetor, ona vhidhiyo:

Magetsi gasi pombi ye carburetor Kururamisa kuiswa kwe HEP-02A

Hupenyu hwebasa repombi yemafuta

Hupenyu hwebasa repombi yemafuta zvinoenderana nemagadzirirwo azvo uye nezvinhu zvawakagadzirwa. Zvichienderana nemhando yechigadzirwa, iyo pombi yemafuta inoshanda pasina zvinokanganisa kubva pa100 kusvika ku200 zviuru zvemakiromita emota yemota.

Pombi inokundikana nezvikonzero zviviri zvikuru:

• zvisingatarisirwi kutsiva mafuta mafirita. Uyezve, vamwe vanoteerera chete kune yakanakisa yekuchenesa chinhu, asi hutsanana hweiyo mesh, iyo inoiswa yakanangana nepombi pachayo, haifanirwe kutariswa zvishoma. Iyo pombi painoyedza kuvaka kumanikidza kuburikidza nefirita yakasviba, inotowedzera kupisa. Kugadziriswa panguva yakakodzera kunowedzera hupenyu hwepombi;
• tangi remafuta rinowanzoshaya mafuta. Nekuda kweizvi, chishandiso hachiwani kutonhorera kwakaringana, saka njodzi yekupisa inowedzera zvakanyanya.

Uyezve teerera kune vhidhiyo pamaitiro aungaite ekudzosera mamwe mapombi:

Mhando dzemafuta epombi kuputsika mumotokari yejekiseni

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Nzira yekutarisa kana pombi yemafuta iri kushanda? Iko kushanda kweiyo mechanical fuel pombi inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwepetroli mumafuta sefa. Pombi yekupisa yemagetsi inoburitsa ruzha rusinganzwike mushure mekubatidza moto.

Mapombi emafuta anokamurwa sei zvichienderana nechinangwa? Iyo yakaderera yekumanikidza pombi inoshandiswa mune carburetor injini. Iyo high pressure analogue inoshandiswa mumajekiseni modhi. Musiyano unoitwawo pakati pemapombi anodzika uye ekunze.

Maitiro ekutarisa pombi yemafuta kumba? Tarisa fuse, relay, bhatiri kuchaja uye kutendeseka kwewaya. Chikamu chemagetsi chepombi chinobuda zvishoma nezvishoma. Kazhinji chikonzero ndiko kupera uye kubvarura kwezvikamu zvayo.