Chii chinonzi biodiesel chemota
Zviri mukati
Iko kushandiswa kwemotokari ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru nei nharaunda yakasvibiswa uye zviwanikwa zvepasi zvapera. Kunyangwe nekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi, mamiriro acho haasi kuvandudzika parizvino. Dambudziko nderekuti kunyangwe panguva yekusikwa kwemotokari yemagetsi, kana kunyatsoita bhatiri rayo, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinopinda mumhepo.
Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemweya weimba yedu yakajairika ndiro basa rakakura revasayendisiti. Inovakurudzira kuti vagadzire mamwe mafuta, hunhu hwahwo hunogutsa zvido zvemutyairi wemhando yepamusoro, asi panguva imwe chete ichideredza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa Nechinangwa ichi, yakakosha mhando mafuta emota yakagadziridzwa - biodiesel.
Inogona here kutsiva yakasarudzika dhiziri sarudzo? Ngatiedzei kuzvinzwisisa.
Chii chinonzi biodiesel?
Muchidimbu, icho chinhu chinova chikonzero chekuchinja kwemakemikari pakati pemamwe mafuta emiti nemhuka. Munguva yekugadzirwa, makambani anogadzira mafuta akadaro anogamuchira chigadzirwa chemethyl. Nekuda kwezvinhu zvayo zvinobvira kupisa, ether inogona kushandiswa seimwe nzira kune mafuta edhiziri.
Sezvo zvese sarudzo zvine maparamendi akafanana emoto, biofuels anokwanisa kushandiswa kupisa injini yedhiziri. Ehezve, mune ino kesi, akawanda ma parameter yeyuniti anoderera. Imota ye biofuel haina kusimba, asi kune rimwe divi, havasi vese mutyairi anowanzo kutora chikamu mumijaho yerally. Izvi zvinokwana kufamba kwakayerwa, uye kuderera kwekushanda kwesimba remagetsi ne5-8 muzana hakuonekwe nekufamba kwakanyarara.
Kugadzirwa kwemamwe mafuta emunyika dzakawanda kunobatsira kubva pakuona kwezvehupfumi pane kutora kana kutenga zvigadzirwa zvemafuta.
Bhiodiesel inogadzirwa sei?
Kuti uwane mafuta erudzi urwu, nyika inogona kushandisa rapeseed, soya, nzungu, sunflowers nezvimwe zvirimwa zvine mafuta. Vanhu vazhinji vanoona zviri nyore kuona mamiriro ezvinhu apo oiri yekugadzirwa kwe biodiesel inotorwa kwete kubva kune izvo zvirimwa zvinogona kushandiswa chikafu, asi kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa. Neichi chikonzero, iwe unogona kazhinji kuona minda mikuru yakasimwa ine rapeseed.
Maitiro acho pachawo, ayo anotendera kugadzirwa kwemafuta, akaomesesa, uye inoitwa nemakemikari ane ruzivo. Kutanga, oiri inowanikwa kubva pane goho rakakohwewa. Ipapo inoshandiswa pamwe ne monohydric alcohol (kazhinji methanol) yemakemikari maitiro pamwe nekutora chinhu chinobatsira. Maitiro acho anoshandiswa nekupisa mbishi kusvika pamadhigirii makumi mashanu Celsius.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, chinhu chinoshanda chinowanikwa - methyl ether uye glycerin. Chikamu chekutanga chinozonatswa kubva kumisanganiswa yemethanol. Pasina kuchenesa zvigadzirwa, haigone kushandiswa muinjini, nekuti kupisa kwayo kuchatungamira mukukanganisa kusingadzivisike kwenhengo dzese dzinotora chikamu mukushanda kweinjini yemukati yemoto.
Kuti uwane biodieri yakachena yakakodzera kukwizirisa mota, inonatswa necentrifugation uye nemvura ine sorbent. Zviri mukati memvura iri mune chinhu zvakare hazvigamuchirwe, sezvo ichisimudzira kuoneka kwehutachiona mumvura. Neichi chikonzero, iyo inoguma yakanatswa methyl ether yakaomeswa.
Hekita imwe yenyika yakabatwa chibharo inoburitsa tani yemafuta. Mazhinji echigadzirwa anowanikwa kubva kumuchindwe wemafuta (kana tikatora zvirimwa zvepasi) - anosvika zviuru zvitanhatu zvemarita emafuta anogona kuwanikwa kubva pahekita imwe yekudyara. Nekudaro, mafuta aya anogona kungotengwa chete kumabhawa egoridhe, saka kubatwa chibharo ndiyo sarudzo yakanakisa.
Kuti kuderedze kusagadzikana mukukura kwezvirimwa muminda inokodzera gorosi nezvimwe zvirimwa, dzimwe nyika dziri kudyara dzinonzi "dzakasiiwa" minda. Sezvo chibharo chiri chirimwa chisina mwero, chinogona kurimwa uko zvimwe zvirimwa zvisingatore midzi kana munzvimbo dzine tunhu tudiki-diki.
Ndedzipi nyika biodiesel inoshandiswa?
Iko kukura kweiyo yakachena huni tekinoroji haina kumira, uye dzinenge nyika dzese dzeEurope dziri kuita izvi. Zvisinei, United States iri kutungamira mune izvi. Mukuenzanisa nekugadzirwa kwenyika, mugove wenyika ino unosvika makumi mashanu muzana. Brazil iri munzvimbo yechipiri yevagadziri venyika - 50 muzana.
Inotevera inouya Germany - 4,8%, ichiteverwa neArgentina - 3,8%, ichiteverwa neFrance - 3%. Pakupera kwa2010, kunwiwa kwe biodiesel uye mamwe marudzi ebiogas kwakasvika pamabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nematanhatu emadhora. Makore maviri chete gare gare, kufarirwa kwemafuta aya kwakawedzera, uye huwandu hwekudyiwa pasirese hwasvika pamusoro pemadhora mabhiriyoni 56,4. Uye izvi zvinoenderana nedhata ra95.
Uye heano mamwe manhamba e2018:
European Environmental Commission yakaisa chinangwa chekuti vagadziri vawedzere kushandiswa kwemamwe mafuta emota. Bhawa iro makambani anofanirwa kuwana ingangoita gumi muzana yemotokari dzese dzinofanira kumhanya pa biofuel.
Zvakanakira biodiesel
Icho chikonzero biodiesel inowana kutarisisa kwakanyanya nekuda kweyakaipisa hushamwari kupisa kwayo. Pamusoro peichi chinhu, mafuta ane akati wandei akanaka mapoinzi:
- Injini yedhiziri haiputi zvakanyanya panguva yekushanda;
- Icho chiutsi chine zvishoma zvishoma CO2;
- Akawedzera mafuta ekugadzirisa zvinhu;
- Nekuda kwemavambo ayo echisikigo, ine hwema hwakasiyana zvachose pane hweye peturu zvigadzirwa;
- Kwete chepfu, asi painopinda muvhu, zvisaririra zvacho zvinonyangarika zvachose mushure memazuva makumi maviri;
- Kugadzirwa kweBiofuel kunogona kurongeka papurazi diki.
Zvakaipira biodiesel
Nepo biodiesel iri kuvimbisa, rudzi urwu rwezvinhu zvinopisa zvine zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinoita kuti vazhinji vatyairi vazeze kuchinjira kwariri:
- Kudonha mukushanda kwesimba remagetsi neanosvika masere masere muzana;
- Kubudirira kwayo kunoderera nekutanga kwechando;
- Iyo mineral base ine mhedzisiro yakaipa panhengo dzesimbi;
- Yakadzikama sediment inowoneka (kana ichishandiswa muchando), iyo inokurumidza kupa mafirita kana majekiseni emafuta kusabatika;
- Munguva yekuwedzera mafuta, iwe unofanirwa kuve wakangwarira, nekuti peturu inokurumidza kukanganisa pendi. Kana madonhwe achipinda, zvisaririra zvavo zvinofanirwa kubviswa zvine hungwaru;
- Sezvo zvinhu zvehupenyu zvichiparara, zvine hupenyu hupfupi kwazvo (husingapfuuri mwedzi mitatu).
Tarisa zvakare vhidhiyo ipfupi yekuti maitiro ekugadzira biofuels anoitika sei:
Mibvunzo nemhinduro:
Chii chinonzi biofuels kumota? Icho chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekusanganisa dehydrated bioethanol (30-40 muzana) nepeturu (60-70 muzana) uye anti-corrosion additives.
Ndezvipi zvakaipira zvebiofuels? Kugadzirwa kunodhura (nzvimbo yakakura inodiwa kurima zvigadzirwa), kukurumidza kupera kwenyika iyo zvirimwa zvakakosha zvinogona kukura, mari yakawanda yesimba rekugadzira bioethanol.
Mabiofuels anogona kuwedzerwa here? Vazhinji vanogadzira mota vanongobvumira biofuels ine 5% doro remukati. Iyi doro inodhaka, maererano neruzivo rwemasevhisi mazhinji, haakuvadzi mota.
