Musiyano wemotokari: mudziyo, malfunctions uye nzira yekusarudza

Mune zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zveSUVs akazara, mamwe ma crossovers uye ese-vhiri dhiraivha mota dzemutaundi, pane chirevo "musiyano wekukiya". Ngationei kuti chii, chinangwa chei mumota, mashandiro ayo, uyezve nzira yekusarudza imwe nyowani kutsiva yakatadza.

Chii chinonzi muchina kusiyanisa

Musiyano uri mumotokari chinhu chekufambisa. Inopa yakazvimirira kutenderera kwemavhiri ekutyaira, asi panguva imwechete inopfuudza iyo imwechete torque kune yega yega.

Chinhu ichi chakanyanya kukosha kudzikama kwemotokari muma bhendi. Isu tinoziva kubva kufizikiki kuti kana ichitendeuka, vhiri riri mukati medenderedzwa rinofamba nenzira ipfupi pane vhiri riri kunze kwedenderedzwa. Panyaya yemavhiri anotyairwa, izvi hazvinzwike zvachose.

Kana ari iwo mavhiri ekutyaira, dai pakange pasina mutsauko mukutapurirana, chero mota yaizonyanya kurasikirwa nekudzikama pamabhendi. Dambudziko nderekuti mavhiri ekunze neekunze anofanirwa kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana paanokona kuitira kuti irambe yakabata. Zvikasadaro, rimwe remavhiri raigona kutsvedza kana kutsvedza.

Musiyano wacho wakaiswa pa drive ekisero. Kana iri motokari dzine mana-vhiri rekutyaira (SUV kana 4x4 kirasi), iyi michina inowanikwa pane ese maasi.

Mune dzimwe mota, musiyano wakasungirirwa zvakanangana kuti mota ikudzike. Muenzaniso weiyi maviri-vhiri rekutyaira mota dziine musiyano wakasungwa. Nekudaro, kune wenguva dzose kutyaira kweguta, zviri nani kushandisa musiyano wefekitori, kana, sekudanwa kwazvinoita, musiyano wakasununguka.

Yakasiyana nhoroondo uye chinangwa

Dhizaini yekusiyanisa yakaonekwa nguva imwe chete neyekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzakashongedzerwa neinjini yemoto yemukati Musiyano wacho waingova makore mashoma.

Mota dzekutanga dzaive dzisina kugadzikana kana dzakamira pakona zvekuti mainjiniya vaifanirwa kupokana kuti vochinjisa sei kumavhiri ekutyaira, asi panguva imwe chete voita kuti vakwanise kutenderera pakumhanya kwakasiyana pakukona.

Kunyangwe zvisingakwanise kutaurwa kuti iyo michina pachayo yakagadziriswa mushure mekuuya kwemotokari ine injini dzemukati dzemoto. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kugadzirisa mabatirwo emota dzekutanga, budiriro yakweretwa, iyo yaimboshandiswa pangoro dzemhepo.

Iyo michina pachayo yakagadzirwa neinjiniya kubva kuFrance - Onesifor Pekker muna 1825. Ferdinand Porsche akaenderera mberi nebasa pasuru vhiri mumotokari. Mukubatana pakati pekambani yake neZF AG (Friedrichshafen), musiyano wecam wakagadzirwa (1935).

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwemisiyano yeLSD kwakatanga muna 1956. Iyo tekinoroji yaishandiswa nevose automaker, sezvo ichivhura mikana mitsva yemotokari ina-mavhiri.

Musiyano mudziyo

Musiyano wacho wakavakirwa mupuraneti gearbox. Bhokisi regiya rakareruka rine maviri magiya ane manhamba akasiyana emazino akaenzana saizi (yekugara mesh).

Kana giya rakakura rikatenderera, iro diki rinoita shanduko dzakatenderedza akabatana. Iyo yekushandurwa kwepuraneti haina kupa chete kutapurirana kwetoriki kune yekutyaira ekisero, asi zvakare inoshandura iyo kuitira kuti kumhanya kwekutyaira uye kutyaira miseve kuve kwakasiyana. Pamusoro pechinyakare kutapuriranwa kwegiya mumapuraneti gearboxes, akati wandei zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinowirirana nematatu makuru.

Musiyano unoshandisa izere kugona kweplate gearboxes. Nekuda kwekuti mashandiro akadaro ane madhigirii maviri erusununguko uye achikutendera kuti uchinje chiyero chegiya, michina yakadaro yakaratidza kuve inoshanda pakuona kudzikama kwemavhiri ekutyaira anotenderera pakumhanya kwakasiyana.

Musiyano mudziyo unosanganisira:

• Dzimba dzakasiyana kana mukombe. Iyo yose yemapuraneti giya uye magiya akaiswa mairi;
• Semiaxis magiya (zuva rezuva rinonyanya kushandiswa). Gamuchira torque kubva kuma satellite uye uendese kumavhiri ekutyaira;
• Kutyaira uye kutyaira magiya ekuchinjisa makuru;
• Satellites. Ivo vanoshanda semapuraneti magiya. Kana iyo mota iri yevatakuri mota, ipapo pachave nezvikamu zviviri zvakadaro mune imwechete mashandiro. MuSUV nemarori, iyo giya remapuraneti rine satellites mana.

Musiyano wekushanda dhayagiramu

Kune maviri marudzi enzira dzakadai - symmetric uye asymmetrical kusiyanisa. Shanduro yekutanga inokwanisa kuendesa torque kune axle shaft zvakaenzana. Kushanda kwavo hakukanganisike nekumhanyisa kumhanya kwemavhiri ekutyaira.

Yechipiri nadzurudzo inopa kugadzirisa torque pakati pemavhiri eiyo axle drive kana ikatanga kutenderera pakumhanya kwakasiyana. Kazhinji, musiyano wakadai unoiswa pakati pemakona emotokari yemavhiri.

Mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemaitiro ekushanda kwemusiyano. Iyo michina inoshanda zvakasiyana mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro:

• Mota inoenda yakananga;
• Mota irikuita maneuver;
• Mavhiri ekufambisa anotanga kutsvedza.

Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita musiyano.

Unoita sei musiyano weatostuk.ru?

Nekutwasuka kwakatwasuka

Kana mota ichienda yakananga, ma satellite anongori hukama pakati pemagiya ekisero. Mavhiri emota anotenderera nesipidhi imwechete, saka mukombe unotenderera kunge pombi imwechete inobatanidza shafts mbiri.

Iyo torque inoparadzirwa zvakaenzana pakati pemavhiri maviri. Kutenderera kwevhiri kunoenderana nekuchinja kweiyo pinion giya.

Kana uchitendeuka

Kana muchina uchinge wafamba, vhiri riri kunze kwekutenderera nharaunda rinowedzeredza kupfuura iro riri mukati mekutenderera nharaunda. Vhiri remukati rinosangana nekupokana kwakawanda sezvo torque yevhiri rekunze rinowedzera uye mugwagwa unoridzivirira kubva kutenderera pane yakakodzera kumhanya.

Mune ino kesi, ma satellite anouya mukutamba. Iyo giya vhiri remukati ekisero shaft inononoka, nekuda kweizvozvo iyo yemapuraneti giya mumukombe inotanga kutenderera munzira yakatarisana. Iyi michina inokutendera kuti uchengetedze kudzikama kwemotokari kunyangwe pamatanho akasimba uye akasimba. Iyo zvakare inodzivirira yakanyanyisa kupfeka kupfeka pairi rinodzikira vhiri.

Kana uchitsvedza

Mamiriro echitatu umo musiyano unobatsira isipi vhiri. Izvi zvinoitika, semuenzaniso, kana mota ikapinda mumatope kana kufamba pachando. Mune ino modhi, musiyano unoshanda pane yakasarudzika musimboti pane kana pakona.

Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kana ichitsvedza, vhiri rakamiswa rinotanga kutenderera zvakasununguka, izvo zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwetoriki pane vhiri iro rinonamira zvakakwana kumugwagwa pamusoro. Kana mutsauko ukashanda mukona nzira, ichipinda mumatope kana chando, mota inomira zvachose, nekuti kudhonza kwaizorasika zvachose.

Kuti abvise iri dambudziko, mainjiniya akagadzira mashoma masiyano kusiyanisa. Tichataura nezvebasa rake zvishoma gare gare. Kutanga, zvakakosha kufunga nezve izvo zviripo natsurudzo yemisiyano uye misiyano yavo.

Mhando dzakasiyana

Kana iyo mota iine imwe drive ekisero, zvino ichave yakagadzirirwa neyakaganhurwa-ekisero musiyano. Iyo yese-yemavhiri mota inoshandisa yepakati kusiyanisa. Pamberi-vhiri rinotyaira mota, iyi michina inonzi zvakare musiyano wepamberi, uye mamodheru ari kumashure-vhiri mota dzinodaidzwa kunzi mushure.

Maitiro aya akapatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinoenderana nerudzi rwegearing:

• Kusiyanisa Bevel;
• Worm giya kusiyanisa;
• Musiyano weCylindrical.

Izvo zvakasiyana kubva kune chimwe nechimwe muchimiro cheiyo huru uye axial magiya. Conical modification akaisirwa pamberi nepamberi vhiri rekutyaira mota. Cylindrical iwo anoshandiswa mune ese-vhiri dhiraivha mamodheru, uye honye magiya akakodzera kune ese marudzi ekutumira.

Zvichienderana nemota yemota uye nemumigwagwa mamiriro ayo mota inoitwa, anotevera marudzi emusiyano achabatsira:

1. Zvokuimba nokupiringidza;
2. Kuzvivhara musiyano;
3. Kuvharirana kwemagetsi.

Michina chakakiiwa differentials

Mune nadzurudzo iyi, ma satellite anodzivirirwa nemutyairi pachake achishandisa maswitch akasarudzika pamavhiri. Kana muchina uri munzira yakatwasuka kana kutendeuka, mutsauko unoshanda zvakajairika.

Mota painongorova mugwagwa ine nzvimbo isina kugadzikana, semuenzaniso, inopinda musango rine matope kana mugwagwa une sinou, mutyairi anofambisa zvinomisa panzvimbo yaanoda, kuti satellites dzivharike.

Mune ino mode, mapuraneti giya haashande, uye mota, musimboti, haina musiyano. Mavhiri ese ekutyaira anotenderera iwo iwo iwo iwo kumhanya, izvo zvinodzivirira kutsvedza, uye kudhonza kunochengetwa kumavhiri ese.

Maitiro akadaro ane chishandiso chakareruka uye akaiswa pane mamwe mabhajeti maSUV, senge mune eUAZ epamba. Sezvo matai asingapere zvakanyanya kana uchityaira zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope, dhizaini iyi haikuvadze matai emota.

Kuzvivhara musiyano

Kune akati wandei marudzi enzira mune ino chikamu. Mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zvakadai ndeiyi:

• LSD. Mumabhokisi emagetsi akadaro, nekutenderera kwakanyanya kweimwe yemasipisi, ma satellite anokiyiwa otomatiki. Izvi zvinodzivirira vhiri rakadzikama kubva pakurasa traction;
• Viscous batira. Aya mutsauko anoshandisa viscous silicone-yakavakirwa chinhu. Mune inotonhorera mamiriro, inoramba iri mvura mamiriro. Kana ikangotanga kupisa uye kusanganisa, zvivakwa zvechinhu zvinoshanduka, uye inowana chimiro chinonamira, icho chinowedzera viscosity yayo. Hunhu uhu hunowedzera nekuwedzera musiyano mukutenderera kwemasimbi emagetsi. Viscous couplings ine akati wandei zvakakanganisika. Kutanga, ivo havana kugadziriswa. Kana chinhu chikarasikirwa nemidziyo, bhuroko rose rinoda kuchinjwa. Chechipiri, kuvharika kunoitika kana paine yakasimba vhiri kutedzemuka, saka mota haigone nguva dzose kubata nemamiriro ezvinhu emumugwagwa. Kunyangwe paine zvikanganiso izvi, mashandiro acho anosiyana mumutengo webhajeti. Mazhinji crossovers emutengo wakaderera akashongedzerwa nemisiyano yakadaro.
• Torsen. Torso inoshandisa gonye kukiya. Kana iyo torque coefficient pane imwe ekiseri ichiwedzera kana kudzikira zvine chekuita neimwe axle shaft, iyo kiyi inoitwa. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, mune Audi mota. Iyo chishandiso inogona zvakare kusarudzwa senge michina yakavharika nzira. Inofungidzirwa seyakavimbika kupfuura ese marudzi ese ekusiyanisa uye inosiyaniswa nekureruka kwayo. Neichi chikonzero, ivo anodhura.

Electrical nokupiringidza

Misiyano yakadaro inosanganisirwa nemagetsi emota. Ivo vanoonekwa seanodhura zvakanyanya nekuti vane chimiro chakaomarara uye yekuvharira mota. Iyi michina inosanganiswa neECU yemotokari, iyo inogamuchira data kubva kumasystem anoongorora kutenderera kwemavhiri, senge ABS. Mune dzimwe mota, iyo otomatiki kukiya inogona kuremara. Kune izvi, pane yakakosha bhatani pane inodzora pani.

Kubatsira kwesarudzo dzemagetsi ndekwekuti ivo vanokutendera iwe kumisikidza akati wandei madhigirii ekudzivirira. Imwezve yekuwedzera yeakadai michina ndeyekuti ivo vanonyatso batsira kutsungirira oversteer. Mune mamodheru akadaro, torque inoiswa kune iyo axle giya, iyo inotenderera nekumhanya kwakaderera.

Zvimwe pane kusiyanisa kukiya

Chero musiyano-ekisero misiyano ine yakakosha dhizaiti - torque inongopihwa yega vhiri, iyo inotenderera zvakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvi, vhiri rechipiri, iro rine traction yakakwana, rinorasikirwa nekusasana. Nechikonzero ichi, giya rakadai harizopa mukana wekuzvimiririra kubuda mumatope kana kuchando.

Sezvambotaurwa, dambudziko rinogadziriswa nekuvhara ma satellite. Pane nzira mbiri dzekuvharira:

• Kuvhara kwakazara kunoitwa nekuda kwekuti zvese zvinhu zvegearbox zvakanyatso kubatanidzwa. Izvi zvinoona kuti vhiri rakabatwa zvakanyanya rinogamuchira torque yakakwana;
• Kuvhara kwakasarudzika kunogoneka nekushandura ichivharira chinhu. Kana mota ichifamba munzira yakatwasuka, chinhu ichi 1. Kana masatellite akangovharirwa musiyano, ichi chinhu chinoshanduka nekukosha kuri pakati pe3 ne 5. Muchiitiko ichi, vhiri rinotenderera rinoramba richitenderera, asi rinogamuchira torque shoma.

Heino vhidhiyo yekuti nei musiyano wavharwa:

Nei uchivhara musiyano pamaSUV, uye chii icho

Misiyano malfunctions

Tichifunga kuti dhizaini yemhando ipi neipi inoshandisa kudyidzana kwemagiya nemaasi, michina yakadaro inokanganisa kupfeka nekukurumidza. Zvemuchadenga mapuraneti mashandiro ari pasi pekuremerwa mutoro, saka, pasina gadziriro chaiyo, ivo vanokurumidza kutadza

Kunyangwe magiya akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaomarara, mashini anofanirwa kutarisisa kana paine kuwedzera kweruzha, kugogodza uye kudedera paunenge uchityaira, izvo zvaive zvisipo kare. Zvakare inotyisa nguva ndiyo girisi rinodonhedza. Chakaipisisa pane zvese, kana iyo michina yakamanikidzwa. Zvisinei, nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, izvi hazviwanzo kuitika.

Iwe unofanirwa kubata mota sevhisi nekukurumidza panobuda leak yemafuta kubva kugearbox redzimba. Unogona kutarisa iyo node iwe pachako. Pamusoro pekuongorora kunoonekwa mushure merwendo, unogona kutarisa kutonhora kwemafuta mune yegiya kesi. Munguva yechinyakare mashandiro emushini, uyu mufananidzo unenge unosvika makumi matanhatu madigiri. Kana musiyano uchipisa zvakanyanya, saka unofanirwa kutsvaga zano renyanzvi.

Sechikamu chekugadzirisa zvenguva dzose, chiyero chemafuta uye mhando zvinofanirwa kuongororwa. Imwe neimwe inogadzira oiri yekuparadzira inogadza yayo mirau yekuitsiva. Usatarise kurudziro iyi, sezvo mafuta anogona kunge aine zvidimbu zvidiki zvinokuvadza mazino egiya, pamwe nekuparadza oiri firimu iyo inodzivirira kukweshera kwesimbi zvikamu.

Kana, semhedzisiro yekutarisisa kwekutarisa, kuvuza kwepakati kusiyanisa kwakacherechedzwa kana dambudziko rakafanana rinocherechedzwa neanofananidza epamberi-vhiri rekutyaira mota, chisimbiso chemafuta chinofanira kutsiviwa. Kuderera kweiyo lubricant level kunotungamira mukuwedzera kukakavara kwezvikamu, izvo zvinonyanya kuderedza hupenyu hwekushanda hwechigadzirwa. Kumhanya gearbox kuomesa kunoita kuti ma satellite, anotakura uye axial magiya asashomeka.

Kuzviongorora-kwekusiyanisa kunoitwa zvinotevera. Kutanga, rova ​​demo rekutyaira remotokari. Iko kufambisa kunochinjirwa mukusarerekera. Rimwe vhiri rinotenderera kutanga kune rimwe divi uyezve kune rimwe divi. Maitiro akafanana anoitwa neyechipiri vhiri.

Nesimba rekushanda, mavhiri anotenderera pasina kutamba uye ruzha. Zvakare, zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinogona kubviswa newe. Kuti uite izvi, giya rinobviswa, rakatanurwa uye zvinhu zvaro zvese zvinoshambidzwa mupeturu (kuti ione nzvimbo dzisina kukwana). Munguva iyi maitiro, iwe unogona kuona yekutamba kwema satellite uye kuvandudza magiya.

Zvinhu zvakasakara zvinobviswa, uye zvikamu zvitsva zvakaiswa pachinzvimbo. Chaizvoizvo, satellites, mabheyaringi uye zvisimbiso zvemafuta zviri pasi pekutsiva, sezvo zvichikundikana nekukurumidza. Masatellita anogadziridzwa nekusarudza magiya ane clearance pakati pemeno.

Heano imwe vhidhiyo maitiro ekugadzirisa kusiyanisa kutakura preload:

Kusiyanisa kutakura kunetsekana kugadzirisa

Kuwana musiyano mutsva

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti inter-vhiri kana wepakati musiyano uri nyore kuwana mumotokari zvikamu zvemusika, mutengo wayo wakanyanya kukwirira (chikamu chitsva chinogona kutenga kubva kumazana kusvika kuzviuru zvemadhora). Neichi chikonzero, vatyairi vazhinji havawanzo kubvuma kutsiva kwakazara kweiyo michina.

Iyo nyowani michina kana yayo yega zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira imwecheteyo seyakajairwa auto zvikamu. Nzira yakapusa kuenda kuchitoro uye kukumbira chikamu chakati chemotokari yakapihwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoshanda kana mota isina kukwidziridzwa. Zvikasadaro, chikamu chinosarudzwa zvinoenderana neyuniti kodhi kana zvinoenderana neyemota modhi kwakabviswa chikamu chepara.

Zviri nani kutsvaga chikamu nemota data, uye kwete nekodhi yechigadzirwa, nekuti izvi zviratidzo zvinongowanikwa mushure mekuparadzanisa muchina. Iyi node ine zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa. Kunyangwe kune imwechete mota yemota, akasiyana akasiyana anogona kushandiswa.

Tichifunga nezve ino nguva, zvakanyanyisa kuoma kuwana analogue yakakwana kubva kune imwe mota. Nezve kutengwa kwemusiyano mumusika wechipiri, izvi zvakasara panjodzi nenjodzi yemuridzi wemota iye, nekuti hapana anozobvarura nekutarisa mamiriro echikamu. Izvi zvinowedzera mukana wekutenga chakanyanya kusakara mashandiro.

Kupfupisa, zvakakosha kutaura kuti pasina musiyano hazvibviri kuumba yakachengeteka uye inoshanda mota, kunyangwe vateveri vekupeta peni pari pakaoma asphalt vanopokana neizvi.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinosiyanisa mumotokari mumashoko akareruka? Icho chinhu chemuchina chinoiswa pakati pedhiraivha vhiri axle shafts. Iyo torque inopfuudzwa kune yekusiyanisa imba kuburikidza nekadhini, uye ipapo inopihwa kumavhiri kuburikidza nemagiya akazvimirira.

Chii chinonzi musiyano mumotokari? Iyi meshini inopa kutapurirana kwe torque kumavhiri ekutyaira, asi kana uchiita maneuver kana uchityaira pamusoro pemapump, inobvumira mavhiri kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana.

Kupi musiyano mumotokari? Iyi nzira inoiswa pane yekutyaira axle pakati peaxle shafts. MuXNUMXWD uye plug-in XNUMXWD modhi, inoiswa pane imwe neimwe axle.

Ndeipi mota ine pakati musiyano? Mota dzese dzine muchinjiko-axle musiyano (inomira pakati peaxle shafts). Musiyano wepakati unoshandiswa chete mune ese-mavhiri emota mota modhi (yakaiswa pakati peaxles).