Chii chinonzi injector: mudziyo, kuchenesa uye kuongorora

Injini yemotokari majekiseni ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvejekiseni uye dizeli injini simba system. Panguva yekushanda, mhuno inovhara, inoyerera, inokundikana. Verenga kuti uwane mamwe mashoko.

Chii chinonzi kamwene

Iyo nozzle chikamu chakakosha cheinjini yehuni system, iyo inopa mafuta kumasilinda pane imwe nguva mune imwe chiyero. Mafuta majekiseni anoshandiswa mudhiziri, injector, pamwe chete nemono-injector masimba emagetsi. Parizvino, kune akati wandei mhando dzemanozzles akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. 

Nzvimbo uye musimboti wekushanda

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemafuta, iyo injekisheni inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, dzinoti:

• jekiseni repakati is mono-injector, zvichireva kuti muromo mumwe chete unoshandiswa muhuturu system, yakaiswa pane inopinza manifold, pakarepo pamberi pevhavha yemhepo. Icho chinongedzo chepakati pakati pecarburetor uye injector yakazara-yakazara;
• jekiseni rakagoverwa - jekiseni. Iyo muromo inoiswa mune yakawanda yekudyara, yakasanganiswa nemhepo inopinda mucylinder. Iyo inocherechedzwa nekushanda kwakagadzikana, nekuda kwekuti mafuta anosuka vheji yekutora, haanyanyi kubatwa nekabhoni fouling;
• jekiseni rakananga - nozzles akaiswa zvakananga muhumburumbira musoro. Kare, sisitimu iyi yaishandiswa chete painjini dzedhiziri, uye pakazosvika 90s yezana ramakore rapfuura, mainjiniya emotokari akatanga kuyedza jekiseni rakananga pane jekiseni achishandisa pombi inotsikirira mafuta (high-pressure fuel pump), iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera. simba uye kushanda zvakanaka maererano nejekiseni rakagoverwa. Nhasi, jekiseni rakananga rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya painjini dze turbocharged.

Chinangwa uye mhando dzemabhomba

Iyo injector ndiyo chikamu chinopinza mafuta mukamuri yemoto. Zvayakarongeka, iri solenoid vharafu iyo inodzorwa neyemagetsi injini yekudzivirira unit. Mune iyo ECU mafuta mepu, zvimiro zvakatemwa, zvinoenderana nedanho remutoro weinjini, nguva yekuvhura, nguva iyo tsono yejekiseni inoramba yakavhurika, uye huwandu hwemafuta hwakabaiwa hwakatemwa. 

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi

Mechanical majekiseni aishandiswa chete painjini dzedhiziri, yaive navo iyo nguva yekirasi yedhiziri yemukati yekupisa injini yakatanga. Dhizaini yemupumburu wakadaro iri nyore, sezvakaita musimboti wekushanda: kana imwe dzvinyiriro yasvika, tsono inovhura.

"Diesel peturu" inopihwa kubva mutangi remafuta kuenda kupombi yejekiseni. Mupombi yemafuta, kumanikidzwa kunovakwa uye mafuta edhiziri anogoverwa pamutsetse, mushure mezvo chikamu che "dhiziri" chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa chinopinda mukamuri yemoto kuburikidza neburi, mushure mekumanikidzwa pamadonhwe etsono etsono, inovhara. 

Dhizaini yemubhedha iri nyore banally: muviri, mukati umo yakaiswa tsono ine pfapfaidzo, matsime maviri.

Electromagnetic injectors

Majekiseni akadaro ave achishandiswa mumajekiseni enjini kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu. Zvichienderana nadzurudzo, mafuta jekiseni rinoitwa zvine musoro kana kugoverwa pamusoro humburumbira. Iko kuvaka kuri nyore nyore:

• imba ine chinongedzo chekubatanidza kune wedunhu remagetsi;
• vharafu excitation ichitenderera;
• chinemagetsi chinotsigisa;
• kukiya chitubu;
• tsono, pamwe pfapfaidzo uye kamwene;
• Simbiso mhete;
• Sefa pajira riya.

Nhungamiro yekushanda: Iyo ECU inotumira voltage kune yekunakisa ichitenderera neinjini, ichigadzira iyo electromagnetic munda inoshanda pane tsono. Panguva ino, simba rechitubu rakaneta, ruoko rwakadzorerwa, tsono inomuka, ichisunungura kamwene. Iyo vharuvhu yekudzora inovhura uye mafuta anopinda muinjini pane kumwe kumanikidza. ECU inoisa iyo nguva yekuvhura, iyo nguva iyo vharuvhu inoramba yakavhurika, uye iyo nguva iyo tsono inovhara. Maitiro aya anodzokorora mashandiro ese einjini yemukati yemoto, angangoita mazana maviri macircuit anoitika paminiti.

Electro-hydraulic kamwene

Kushandiswa kwemajekiseni akadaro kunoitwa muinjini yedhiziri ine yakasarudzika system (jekiseni pombi) uye Common Rail. Electro-hydraulic kamwene ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• kamwene netsono yekuvhara;
• chitubu nepiston;
• chengetedza kamuri ine yekudyira kuputika;
• dhonza kukachidza;
• excitation ichitenderera pamwe connector;
• peturu inlet yakakodzera;
• dhizaina chiteshi (dzoka).

Scheme yebasa: iyo kamwene kombi inotanga nevhavha yakavharwa. Iko kune pisitoni mukamuri rekutonga, pane iro simba remafuta rinoshanda, nepo tsono yekuvhara "yakagara" zvine simba pachigaro. Iyo ECU inopa magetsi kumunda ichitenderera uye mafuta anopihwa kune iyo injector. 

Piezoelectric kamwene

Inoshandiswa chete pamadhiziri edhiziri. Nhasi, dhizaini ndiyo inofambira mberi zvakanyanya, sezvo pombi yepezozo ichipa yakaringana dosing, spray angle, nekukurumidza kupindura, pamwe nekupfira kwakawanda mune imwechete kutenderera. Iyo kamwene ine zvikamu zvakafanana seye electro-hydraulic imwe, asi zvakare ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• piezoelectric element;
• maviri mapistoni (shanduko vharuvhu ine chitubu uye pusher);
• vharuvhu;
• bota ndiro.

Nheyo yekushanda inoitwa nekushandura kureba kweiyo piezoelectric element kana magetsi achiiswa pairi. Kana pulse ikaiswa, iyo piezoelectric element, ichichinja kureba kwayo, inoshanda pisitoni yepusher, vharuvhu inoshandurwa yakavhurwa uye mafuta anopihwa kudhiraini. Huwandu hwejojo ​​jekiseni dhiziri hunotarwa nehurefu hwemagetsi kubva kuECU.

Matambudziko uye kusashanda kweinjini majekiseni        

Kuti injini ishande zvakadzikama uye nekufamba kwenguva kuti isatore mamwe peturu nekuwedzera simba, zvinodikanwa nguva nenguva kuchenesa atomizer. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira kuita nzira yekudzivirira yakadaro mushure me20-30 zviuru zvemakiromita. Kunyange zvazvo mutemo uyu unoshandiswa zvakasimba nehuwandu hwemaawa uye hutano hwehuni hunoshandiswa.

Mumotokari iyo inowanzoshandiswa mumaguta, inofamba pamwe chete netofi, uye refuels pose painorova, mabhomba anoda kucheneswa kakawanda - mushure memakiromita anenge 15 zviuru.

Pasinei nerudzi rwemhino, nzvimbo yaro inorwadza ndeyekuumbwa kweplaque mukati mechikamu. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana mafuta emhando yakaderera akashandiswa. Nekuda kweiyi plaque, injector atomizer inomira kugovera mafuta zvakaenzana muhumburumbira. Dzimwe nguva zvinowanzoitika kuti mafuta anongoputika. Nekuda kweizvi, haisanganisi zvakanaka nemhepo.

Somugumisiro, huwandu hwakawanda hwehuni hahupise, asi hunokandwa mumagetsi ekupedza. Sezvo musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo usingabudisi simba rakakwana panguva yekupisa, injini inorasikirwa nesimba rayo. Nechikonzero ichi, mutyairi anofanirwa kudzvanya gasi pedal zvakanyanya, izvo zvinotungamira kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwemafuta, uye simba rekutakura rinoramba richidonha.

Heano zviratidzo zvishoma zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko ejekiseni:

1. Zvakaoma kutanga kwemota;
2. Mafuta anoshandiswa awedzera;
3. Kurasikirwa kwe dynamism;
4. Iyo exhaust system inoburitsa utsi hutema uye hwema hwehuni husina kupiswa;
5. Inoyangarara kana isina kugadzikana isina basa (mune dzimwe nguva, mota inomira zvachose paXX).

Zvikonzero zvekuvharika nozzles

Zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuvharika majekiseni emafuta ndezvi:

• Hunhu husina kunaka hwemafuta (yakanyanya sarufa yemukati);
• Kuparara kwemadziro emukati echikamu nekuda kwekuora;
• Kupfeka kwechisikigo uye kubvaruka kwechikamu;
• Kusave nekukasira kutsiva kwemafuta sefa (nekuda kweiyo yakavharwa sefa chinhu, vacuum inogona kuitika muhurongwa inopwanya chinhu, uye mafuta anotanga kuyerera akasviba);
• Kutyora mukuiswa kwenozzle;
• Overheat;
• Kunyorova kwakapinda mumhuno (izvi zvinogona kuitika muinjini dzedhiziri kana muridzi wemotokari akasabvisa condensate kubva kumafuta sefa sump).

Nyaya yemafuta emhando yakaderera inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira kuti zviyo zvidiki zvejecha zvinogona kuvhara jekiseni muromo mupeturu, izvi zvinoitika kashoma. Chikonzero ndechekuti tsvina yese, kunyangwe zvidimbu zvidiki, zvinonyatsosefa muhuturu system nepo mafuta achipihwa kumuromo.

Chaizvoizvo, muromo wakavharwa ne sediment kubva kune inorema chikamu chepeturu. Kazhinji, inoumba mukati memuromo mushure mekunge mutyairi adzima injini. Injini ichiri kushanda, silinda block inotonhodzwa neinotonhodza sisitimu, uye muromo wacho pachawo unotonhodzwa nekupinzwa kwemafuta anotonhorera.

Kana injini yamira kushanda, mumhando zhinji dzemotokari, chinotonhodza chinomira kutenderera (pombi yakabatana zvakasimba kune crankshaft kuburikidza nebhandi renguva). Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kupisa kwakanyanya kunoramba kuri mumasilinda kwechinguva, asi panguva imwe chete hakusviki pachikumbaridzo chekupisa peturu.

Kana injini iri kushanda, zvikamu zvese zvepeturu zvinopiswa zvachose. Asi painomira kushanda, zvikamu zvidiki zvinonyungudika nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Asi zvikamu zvinorema zvepeturu kana dhiziri mafuta hazvigone kunyungudika nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekushisa, saka zvinoramba zviri pamadziro emhuno.

Kunyangwe iyi plaque isiri gobvu, yakakwana kushandura chikamu chemuchinjikwa chevhavha mumuromo. Iyo inogona kusavhara zvakanaka nekufamba kwenguva, uye kana yakavharwa, mamwe maturu anogona kupinda muatomizer uye oshandura iyo yekupfapfaidza pateni.

Zvikamu zvinorema zvepeturu zvinowanzoumbwa kana zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, izvo zvinowedzera nhamba yayo octane. Zvakare, izvi zvinogona kuitika kana mitemo yekutakura kana kuchengetedza mafuta mumatangi makuru ikatyorwa.

Hongu, kuvhara kwemajekiseni emafuta kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti zviomere mutyairi kuona kuwedzera kudiki kwekukara kweinjini kana kuderera kwesimba remotokari. Kazhinji kazhinji, dambudziko nemajekiseni rinozviratidza zvakanyanya nekusagadzikana kweinjini kumhanya kana kuoma kwekutanga kweyuniti. Asi zviratidzo izvi zvakare hunhu kune mamwe malfunctions mumotokari.

Asi vasati vatanga kuchenesa majekiseni, muridzi wemotokari anofanira kuve nechokwadi kuti kusashanda zvakanaka kweinjini hakuenderane nemamwe masisitimu, akadai sekutadza kushanda kwemoto kana mafuta. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune mhuno chete mushure mekunge mamwe maitiro aongororwa, kuputsika kwaro kune zviratidzo zvakafanana neaya ejojo ​​rakavharika.

Nzira dzekuchenesa majekiseni

Iwo majekiseni emafuta anova akavharika panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemhando yepasi-mafuta, pamwe nekumisikidza isingatarisirwi firita uye isina mafuta. Shure kwaizvozvo, iko kuita kwemuromo kunodzikira, uye izvi zvakazara nekuwedzera kwetembiricha mukamuri yemoto, zvinoreva kuti pisitoni ichakurumidza kupera. 

Iyo yakapusa nzira yekutsvaira yakaparadzirwa majekiseni ejeke, nekuti zviri nyore kuabvarura ekuchenesa emhando yepamusoro pasitendi, nepo zvichikwanisika kuyananisa iyo yekupfuura uye yekumwaya kona. 

Kuchenesa neWynns mhando yekugeza mvura pachiteshi. Mabhomba akaiswa pachigadziko, mvura inodururwa mutangi, inokwana 0.5 litita, kamuri yemuburi wega wega yakanyudzwa mumabhotoro ane chikamu che ml, izvo zvinokutendera iwe kudzora mashandiro emabhodhi. Paavhareji, kuchenesa kunotora maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu nemashanu, mushure meizvozvo maO-mhete pamaburi anochinjiswa uye akaiswa munzvimbo yawo. Kuwanda kwekuchenesa kunoenderana nemhando yemafuta uye huwandu hwekutsiva firita yemafuta, paavhareji makiromita zviuru makumi mashanu. 

Kuchenesa mvura pasina kubvisa. Mvura inoyerera yakabatana nechitima chemafuta. Iyo hosipaipi iyo inoyerera mvura inozopihwa ino sunganidzwa kune peturu njanji. Iko kusanganiswa kunopihwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwematatu matatu, injini inomhanya pairi kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Maitiro acho anoshandawo, asi hapana mukana wekugadzirisa kona yekufapisa uye negoho. 

Kuchenesa nemafuta ekuwedzera. Iyo nzira inowanzotsoropodzwa sekubudirira kwekusanganisa detergent nemafuta kunopokana. Muchokwadi, izvi zvinoshanda kana iyo nozzles isati yavharwa, seyero yekudzivirira - chishandiso chakanakisa. Pamwe chete nemanozzles, pombi yemafuta inocheneswa, zvidimbu zvidiki zvinosundirwa nemutsetse wemafuta. 

Ultrasonic kuchenesa. Iyo nzira inoshanda chete kana uchibvisa majekiseni. Chimiro chakasarudzika chakashongedzerwa neiyo ultrasonic kifaa, iko kushanda kwayo kwakaratidzirwa. Mushure mekuchenesa, mari yetara inobviswa, iyo isingazosukwe nemvura yekugeza. Chinhu chikuru kusakanganwa kuchinja firita mesh kana ako majekiseni ari dhiziri kana akananga jekiseni jekiseni. 

Rangarira kuti mushure mekuchenesa majekiseni, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva firita yemafuta, pamwe neiyo firati yakaoma iyo yakaiswa papombi yegasi. 

Ultrasonic nozzle kuchenesa

Iyi nzira ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma uye inoshandiswa muzviitiko zvisingatarisirwi. Mukuita maitiro aya, mabhunu ese anobviswa kubva mujini, akaiswa pachigadziko chakakosha. Inotarisa maitiro ekupfapfaidza isati yacheneswa uye inoenzanisa mhedzisiro mushure mekuchenesa.

Chimiro chakadaro chinotevedzera kushanda kwejekiseni system yemotokari, asi panzvimbo peturu kana mafuta edhiziri, yakakosha yekuchenesa mumiriri inopfuudzwa nemumuromo. Panguva ino, mvura inoyerera inoumba mabhuru madiki (cavitation) semhedzisiro yevharuvhu oscillations mumhino. Vanoparadza plaque yakaumbwa muchikamu chegero. Pachigadziko chimwechete, kushanda kwemajekiseni kunotariswa uye kunotaridzirwa kana zvine musoro kuashandisa mberi, kana kuti zvakakosha kutsiva mafuta emagetsi.

Nepo kuchenesa kweultrasonic iri imwe yenzira dzinoshanda, zvakare ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya. Chimwe chinokanganisa chekuchenesa kwe ultrasonic ndechekuti nyanzvi ichaita nemazvo maitiro aya. Zvikasadaro, muridzi wemota anongorasa mari.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira majekiseni

Injini dzese dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nejekiseni mafuta system, nekuti ichienzaniswa necarburetor, ine akati wandei akakosha mabhenefiti:

1. Kutenda kune atomization iri nani, musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unopisa zvachose. Izvi zvinoda huwandu hushoma hwemafuta, uye simba rakawanda rinosunungurwa kupfuura apo BTS inoumbwa ne carburetor.
2. Nekuderera kwemafuta ekushandisa (kana tikaenzanisa injini dzakafanana ne carburetor uye injector), simba rechikwata chemagetsi rakakwirira zvikuru.
3. Nekushanda kwakakodzera kwemajekiseni, injini inotanga nyore nyore mune chero mamiriro ekunze.
4. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekusevhisi majekiseni emafuta nguva zhinji.

Asi chero tekinoroji yemazuva ano ine zvipingamupinyi zvakati wandei:

1. Kuvapo kwenhamba huru yezvikamu mumeshini kunowedzera zvinogona kuputsika nzvimbo.
2. Majekiseni emafuta anonzwa kushata kwehuni.
3. Muchiitiko chekukundikana kana kudiwa kwekuchenesa, kutsiva kana kutsvaira jekiseni mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvinodhura.

Vhidhiyo pamusoro wenyaya

Heino vhidhiyo pfupi yenzira yekutsvaira majekiseni emafuta kumba:

Yakachipa Super Flushing Nozzles DIY uye Zvinobudirira

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Chii chinonzi injini majekiseni? Icho chinhu chechimiro chemotokari yemafuta system inopa metered mafuta kuendesa kune yakawanda manifold kana zvakananga kune cylinder.

Ndeapi marudzi emhuno aripo? Majekiseni, zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini uye zvemagetsi sisitimu, anogona kuve mechanic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, hydraulic.

Ko miromo yemota iripi? Izvo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemafuta system. Mune yakagoverwa mafuta system, ivo vanoiswa mune yakawanda yekudyara. Mujekiseni rakananga, vanoiswa muhumburumbira musoro.