Chii chinonzi injini crankcase (chinangwa, nzvimbo uye dhizaini)
Zviri mukati
Iyo inofungidzirwa pfungwa ye crankcase inozivikanwa kune wese munhu akambodzidza zvishoma dhizaini yeinjini yekupisa yemukati (ICE). Asi vakawanda vanodavira kuti chikamu chimwe chete chakavigwa pasi pacho, icho chinotonzi pani yeoiri. Imwe pfungwa yakajairika ndeye theoretical, haisi chikamu chaicho kana gungano, asi zvinoreva nzvimbo yese yemota iri pazasi pemasilinda.
Sei injini ichida crankcase
Muhuwandu hwakawanda hwemotor, crankcase inoshandiswa kutsvaga yekugezera oiri mairi uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosimbisa kushanda kweiyo lubrication system.
Asi sezvo iine vhoriyamu yakakosha, irimo mune mamwe akawanda masystem anowanikwa:
- crankshaft ine mabhengi ayo uye mibhedha inokwirisa yakakandirwa mublock;
- ruzivo rweventilation system yemagasi akaumbwa panguva yekushanda;
- miromo inovhara panzvimbo dzekubuda dzemberi uye kumashure kwe crankshaft;
- sveta zvindori zvehafu, kugadzirisa shaft kubva pakusimuka kwelongitudinal;
- pombi yemafuta ine coarse sefa;
- chiyero cheshafts inodzikamisa crank mechanism yeinjini dzinoti dzisina kuenzana;
- nozzles yekuwedzera lubrication uye piston kutonhora;
- mafuta dipstick uye mafuta level sensor.
Ekare akadzika mota akashandisawo camshaft yakaiswa mu crankcase, uye mavharuvhu aifambiswa kuburikidza nemapusher muchimiro chetsvimbo dzaienda kumusoro weblock.
Kuvaka
Kazhinji crankcase ine chikamu chezasi chekukandwa kwecylinder block uye yakabatana nayo kuburikidza ne sump gasket.
Asi kune zvakare mamwe madhizaini akaomarara, apo ndiro yepakati inonamirwa kubhuroko kubva pazasi, ichivhara mibhedha ye crankshaft nemabearings makuru. Saka nekuderera kwehuwandu hwechivharo, kuwedzera kuoma kunopiwa, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwenguva refu kweboka repiston.
Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kumainjini akaitwa akazara emwenje alloys, kunyangwe imperceptible block deformations inotungamira kune isina kuenzana silinda kupfeka uye scuffing.
Iyo pombi yemafuta inokwidziridzwa kumberi kana kuzasi kumucheto kwemberi kwe crankshaft, iyo inofambiswa neketani yakaparadzana kubva kune crankshaft sprocket. Balancers inogona kuiswa mumabhedha e shaft kana kusanganiswa kuita monoblock ine yakaderera pombi yemafuta, ichigadzira inoshanda yakazara module.
Kuomarara kwechigadziro kunopiwa neyakakandwa fins uye mamwe mabhaffles, umo maburi anogona kugadzirwa kuderedza kupomba kurasikirwa kubva pasi pepiston.
Kupisa kunobviswa kuburikidza nemafuta ekutenderera, ayo dzimwe nguva pani inokandwawo kubva kune yakavheneka alloy ine yakagadziridzwa kutonhora zvimbi. Asi kazhinji pallet inodhindwa kubva kusimbi yakatetepa, yakachipa uye inovimbika zvakanyanya kana paine zvingangoitika kubva mukurova zvipingamupinyi.
Mhando dze crankcases
Zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini, mamwe mabasa anogona kupihwa kune crankcase.
Maviri-stroke injini crankcase
Mune maviri-stroke injini, crankcase inoshandiswa pre-compress musanganiswa. Inoyamwa munzvimbo yepasi-piston panguva yekumanikidza sitiroko mucylinder.
Munguva yekudzika kwepistoni, kumanikidzwa pasi payo kunokwira, uye pakarepo kana nzira yekupfuura ichivhura munzvimbo yepasi ye cylinder, mafuta akasanganiswa nemhepo anomhanyira kukamuri rinopisa. Saka izvo zvinodikanwa zve crankcase tightness, kuvepo kwevharuvhu yekupinza uye yepamusoro yemhando ye crankshaft toe seals.
Iko hakuna mafuta ekugezesa, uye lubrication inoitwa nekuwedzera imwe chiyero chemafuta anokosha maviri-stroke kumusanganiswa unoshanda, unozopisa nepeturu.
Four-stroke injini crankcase
Nekutenderera kwechina-stroke, mafuta anogona kupinda mukrankcase chete kana kukanganisa kunoitika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, inoshumira kuchengetedza bhati yemafuta, iyo inoyerera mushure mokupfuura nematanho uye friction pairs.
Pazasi pe sump pane mafuta ekupinda pombi ane coarse mesh sefa. Imwe chinhambwe chinocherechedzwa pakati pe crankshaft counterweights negirazi remafuta kuitira kudzivirira kubuda furo pakusangana.
Boxer crankcase
Muinjini dzebhokisi, crankcase ndiyo chinhu chikuru chesimba chinoomesa chivharo chose. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo compact, iyo inopa imwe yezvakanakira yemotokari "boxer" - yakaderera kureba, iyo inoderedza iyo yakazara pakati pehuwandu hwemotokari.
Chii chakaoma sump
Zvinokwanisika kuva nemafuta mumhando yekugezera yakazadzwa kune imwe nhanho chete pasi pe static kana kuvhara mamiriro. Mota dzemitambo hadzigone kupa chero chinhu chakadai, vanosangana nekukwira kwakasimba kwakasimba munzira dzese, ndosaka mafuta achisvika kwese kwese, asi kwete kune pombi yemafuta inogamuchira pazasi pe sump.
Nokudaro, iyo lubrication system iripo inoitwa neinonzi yakaoma sump, apo mafuta haagari pasi, asi anobva atorwa nemapombi akawanda ane simba, akaparadzaniswa nemhepo uye anoputirwa kune vatengi.
Iyo sisitimu inova yakaoma zvakanyanya, asi hapana imwe nzira yekubuda nayo. Sezvakaita mundege, uko pfungwa yekumusoro nepasi inogona kunge isipo zvachose, injini inofanirwawo kushanda mukubhururuka kwakatenderedza.
Kuparara chaiko
Dambudziko guru ne crankcase nderekuti inorova chipingamupinyi, mushure mezvo dent inoumba pa pallet zvakanyanya. Pakuipisisa, inotsemuka kana kufamba, injini inorasikirwa nemafuta, uye pasina iyo, inongova nemasekonzi mashoma ekurarama.
Chiratidzo chitsvuku chinovhenekera pamberi pemutyairi pane mudziyo wemidziyo, mushure mezvo iwe unofanirwa kudzima injini nekukurumidza, pasina kumirira kuti ichinje kuita monolith.
Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti crankcase inenge yakamira mushure mekukanganisa, asi mwenje uchiri kuratidza kudonha kwekumanikidza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo elastic deformation ye sump yakaita kuti chubhu inogamuchira mafuta, iyo inowanzo gadzirwa nealuminium alloy, kutyoka.
Iyo pombi ichapinza mweya uye iyo lubrication system inotadza. Mhedzisiro yakafanana - haugone kufamba wega pasina kugadzirisa.
Crankcase protection
Pasinei nokuti ivhu rinobvisirwa motokari, chipingamupinyi chacho chinogona kuramba chisingakundiki. Kuti udzivise kubuda uye kugadzirisa mune imwe neimwe kesi yakadai, crankcase inotsvakwa kuchengetedzwa.
Pamotokari uye crossovers, kusiyana neSUVs, dziviriro inogadzirwa zvakanyanya kubva kune splashes kubva pasi pemavhiri. Zvidzitiro zvepurasitiki hazvibatsiri pakurova dombo. Naizvozvo, simbi yakasimba kudzivirira inoiswa sekuwedzera midziyo.
Iwe unogona zvakare kupaza nepakati payo, asi kuve nekuomesa uye kusungirirwa kune subframe yesimba, dhizaini yakadaro ichashanda senge ski, ichisimudza kumberi kwemota. Mukana wekupona kwemota unowedzera zvakanyanya.
Iro pepa rekudzivirira rinogadzirwa kubva kune yakadhindwa simbi sheet, 2-3 mm gobvu, kana kaviri kukora sealuminium. Iyo yekupedzisira sarudzo iri nyore, asi inodhura zvakanyanya.
Vanoda kubhadhara tekinoroji yepamusoro vanogona kushandisa Kevlar. Paunenge uchishandira injini, pepa rekudzivirira rinogona kubviswa nyore nyore, uye mashizha nemakomba akaitwa mairi anopa kuchinja kunodiwa kwekupisa, zvakanyanya kusingadiwi kupisa mafuta.
