Chii chinonzi kombi?

Minibus imotokari. Huru hunhu hunosiyanisa nedzimwe mota kuwanda uye kukwirira kwekamuri ine mitsara miviri yezvigaro. Huwandu hwezvigaro, sekutonga, haupfuure 16. Kugona kwakakura uye mamiriro akasununguka anobvumidza kushandisa kutakura kwendege. Nheyo yekusikwa kwemakombi ndiyo chassis yemotokari kana marori.

Mimwe mienzaniso yemaminvans inogona kuverengerwa kune aya mhando mota. Musiyano mukuru uri muhuwandu hwemitsara yezvigaro, iyo minivan haipfuuri matatu uye kukwirira kwekamuri, iri pasi zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yekombi.

Iyi modhi iri mukuda kukuru kwete kwete mune zvakajairika zvekufambisa vafambi, asiwo mune akasiyana masisitimu akasarudzika, semuenzaniso, maamburenzi, marabhoritari, akasiyana siyana ekuvaka uye ekugadzirisa nzvimbo.

Mhando huru dzemakombi

Kune matatu makuru mhando dzemakombi:

1. Mutasviino ndiyo mhando inonyanya kufarirwa. Basa guru rekombi iyi kutakura vafambi. Iyo mota inogona kuve yakagadzirirwa neyakagadzikana yemukati uye dzakasiyana zvinhu zverunyararo rwendo. Semutemo, aya mamodheru ane dhizaini dhizaini yekunze neyekunze. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, ivo vakapakata simba rezvehupfumi simba rinokurumidza kumhanya kwazvo. Dzakwidziridzwa vhezheni dzevakwiri vemabhazi dzinogadzirwa neakasununguka mamiriro ekufamba.

2. Cargo mhando zvakajairwa kutakurwa kweakasiyana mavhoriyamu ezvinhu. Chaizvoizvo, iyi mhando inoitirwa kutakurwa kwese kusanzwisisika uye nendege dzenzvimbo. Iyo yekutakura zvinhu inoratidzirwa nehukuru hwakakura uye mavhoriyamu. Chinhu chikuru chinopatsanura mhando iyi kubva kune vamwe kushayikwa kwezvigaro zvevapfuuri (kunze kwekamuri). Iko kutakura kuri paavhareji matani maviri. Masuo epamberi nemashure anopihwa kurodha nhumbi. Nemutoro unorema, kombi inotakura zvinhu inokurumidza kumhanya inosvika zana km / h nekuda kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Iyo tekisi ine yakanaka mamiriro ekunyaradza uye yakagadzirirwa chigaro chemutyairi uye mumwe / vaviri vafambi.

3. Magetsi bhazi Yakagadzirirwa kutakura panguva imwe chete yevatambi uye mitoro. Rudzi urwu rwakagadzirwa pahwaro hwemabhazi uye marori chassis. Chaizvoizvo, aya mamodheru akashongedzerwa neyakagadzika yemukati, injini yehupfumi uye yakanakisa kugona kwenzvimbo yekutakura. Iyi "yakasanganiswa" mhando inoshandiswa zvakakwana pakutakura zvinhu, kufamba, kubva kwezvikwata zvekugadzirisa, pamwe chete nenzendo dzebhizimisi uye zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana.

4. Yakasarudzika mhando yakapihwa nemuviri wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba, uye kugona kwacho hakupfuure vapfuuri vapfumbamwe. Mukwende wenhumbi unoratidzwa nehukuru hukuru uye wakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mupanda wevapfuuri. Mazhinji emidziyo-yevatakuri vanoratidzwa chaizvo muchimiro ichi, asi zvakare nekukura kuri kufambira mberi kune akasiyana mazuvano anokanganisa kufambika kwechikamu pakati pemakamuri uye nekugadzirisa huwandu hwenzvimbo uye vhoriyamu yemitoro.

Mhando huru dzemakombi

Kombi yemutakurwi haidariki zvigaro gumi nematanhatu, iri mumitsara miviri uye inoshandiswa kutakura vafambi munzvimbo dzakasiyana (nendege uye nendege dzenzvimbo).

Yekutakura-minibus minibus inoratidzirwa nekuvapo kwezvigaro zvinosvika zvipfumbamwe. Sezvo mutemo, zvigaro zvitatu zviri mukati memotokari, uye mamwe matanhatu akasara akapatsanurwa nezvigaro zvitatu mumitsara yakareba / yakatenderera yemitumbi.

Huwandu hwezvigaro mune yekutengesa minibus ishoma, zvigaro zvinopihwa chete mukabhini, sekutonga, chigaro chemutyairi uye zvigaro zviviri zvevafambi padivi payo.

Makuru vagadziri vemakombi

Yakakura chaizvo nhamba yemakambani emota ari kuita kugadzirwa kwemakombi. Vagadziri vakuru vanosanganisira mabhureki akadai seGerman Mercedes-Benz, Opel neVolkswagen, American Ford, Fiat yeItaly, French Citroen neRenault. Vagadziri veEuropean vanozivikanwa kwazvo, makombi anokosheswa pasirese nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yepamusoro yemhando yepamusoro, kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka.

Mercedes yagara kwenguva refu iri pamberi pamusika wepasi rose wekutengesa kwete chete kwevanofamba chete, asiwo makombi. Mhuri yeMercedes-Benz Sprinter inoita basa rakakosha, mota yekutanga yakaita madhiri ayo muna 1995. Sprinter inowanikwa mune ese mana-mavhiri uye kumashure-vhiri dhiraivha, uye ndeyayo idiki-tonnage yekutengesa mota. Iyi modhi ine mhando dzakasiyana siyana uye mashandiro kubva pane zvakajairwa kutakurwa kwevatakuri kuenda mukutakurwa kwezvinhu.

Iyo kambani inonyatso tarisa kune yemazuva ano mota, ayo anoonekwa zvakajeka mukuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hunhu, mukugadzira, mukutakura zvinhu, pamwe nemamiriro ezvinhu mukati mekamuri, izvo zvinogadzira kunyaradzwa nekureruka. Kugadzikana kwemakombi ane hunyanzvi hwakawanda hweiyi kambani inopa mukana wekutanga wekutarisa Mercedes-Benz seimwe yevanogadzira makuru.

Automaker Opel zvakare inotora chinzvimbo chekutanga mukugadzirwa kwemakombi. Iyo ine mukurumbira Opel Vivaro nhevedzano yakaburitswa muzvizvarwa zvakati wandei, iyo yekupedzisira inodzokera muna 2019. Iyo yevafambi vhezheni yekombi yakanzi Opel Zafira. Iyi nhevedzano ine yakanaka dhizaini magirafu. Izvo zvekutanga zvemwenje, grille uye dhizaini yakazara inoita kuti Zafira ibude kubva kune yakasara. Asi iyo yemukati inenge yakafanana nemhando dzePeugeot neToyota, sezvo mhando dzakagadzirwa pachigadziko chimwe chete.

Imwe kambani yekugadzira yeGerman iVolkswagen, yanga ichigadzira maminibus kubva kuma50s ezana ramakore rapfuura. Iyo inonyanya hunhu yakatevedzana ndeye Transporter. Chizvarwa chekupedzisira cheiyi nhevedzano "inofambirana nenguva". Siginicha yemotokari dhizaini (kunyanya shanduko mubhampa, grille uye malights), yakakwira tekinoroji data inosanganisira kushongedzwa neinjini ine simba uye maitiro ekusimudzira kutapurirana uye dzimwe nzira dzemotokari dzaita kudiwa kukuru mumusika kubvira 2015.

Renault iFrench automaker. Boom mukugadzirwa kwemaminibus mukambani yakatanga muna 1981 nekuuya kweiyo Renault Traffic modhi. Imotokari inoratidzwa muzvizvarwa zvakawanda, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye chizvarwa chechitatu chegore ra2014. Seti nhatu dzinoratidzwa. Kune zvakare akasiyana akasiyana einjini, uye sarudzo yehurefu hwemuviri uye kureba kwedenga. Kuita kweinjini kunoenderana ne1.6-litre dCi injini kunoita kuti ive ine hupfumi sezvinobvira. Imwe neimwe modhi ine yakakwirira tekinoroji maitiro uye midziyo ine tekinoroji nyowani kugadzira kunyaradza.

Ford inonziwo inotungamira mukugadzirwa kwemakombi. Paaigadzira makombi, kambani yakatungamirwa nenyaya yekuti mota inofanirwa kuvimbika, yakapusa uye yakachengeteka, nekuti mhando yemota iyi chishandiso chinoshanda. Mhuri yeFord Transit yakatanga kutanga kwayo muma1960 uye ichiri kushanda nanhasi. Mazhinji emamodheru emazuva ano ane data rakanakisa rehunyanzvi, dhizaini yemukati yakafanana zvikuru nekambani dzemumugwagwa. Yakanyatsofungidzirwa dhizaini uye yakagadzira mamiriro ekunyaradza kwevatakurwi uye mutyairi, pamwe neinjini ine mari inoita Ford minibuses sarudzo yakanakisa.

Kambani yemotokari yeCitroen yakawana mukurumbira mumusika nekuburitswa kweSpaceTourer muna 2016. Shanduro dzinoverengeka dzinounzwa neakasiyana enjini misiyano "yese kuravira uye ruvara". Muchina uyu wakashongedzerwa nekuunzwa kwenzvimbo dzakagadzikana zvichibva pamatekinoroji matsva. Iyi mhando yemhando inomiririra shanduro dzakawanda, imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo uye mutengo.

Kubva kuma1980, iyo Italian automaker Fiat yakaburitsa chizvarwa chekutanga cheFiat Ducato, kombi ine yakanaka kutakura mutoro. Chizvarwa chechitatu chakakwidziridzwa chakaburitswa muna 2006 uye chichiripo. Mukuita kwekugadziriswa kwakawanda, mota ine zvese zvakanaka zvekunze hunhu uye data yehunyanzvi mune injini ine simba uye yakawedzera mubhadharo. Iyo mota ine akati wandei ekugadzirisa sarudzo - kubva kune inotakura minibus kuenda kune inotakura zvinhu.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Ndeapi mhando dzemaminibus aripo? Vanenge vese vanogadzira mota vane mukurumbira pasi rose vanogadzirawo maminibus. Rondedzero yemhando inosanganisira: Citroen, Dodge, Fiat, Ford, GMC, Mercedes, Honda, Nissan, nezvimwe.

Ndeapi mabhero akavimbika? Yakakurumbira pakati pevatyairi ndeye Mercedes Sprinter. Asi Volkswagen Transporter inoonekwa seyakavimbika, yakachengeteka uye ine yakanaka kutakura.

Zita remotokari inotakura zvinhu rinonzi chii? Motokari dzakadai dzinonzi mavhani. Vane simbi-yekuvaka uye inogona kushandurwa kutakura vafambi (kunyoreswazve kwemotokari kunodiwa).