Chii chinonzi transfer? Verenga zvakawanda nezve transmissions pano.

Isu tinofungidzira kuti vatyairi vese vanoziva huwandu hwakaringana hwezvinoitwa negiya bhokisi mumotokari, asi pamwe havasi vese vanoziva kuti inoshanda sei. Mukuwedzera, kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi uye masisitimu eiyo gearbox. Verenga zvakawanda pano uye dzidza kuti magiya anoshanda sei.

Iko kutapurirana ndicho chikamu chikuru chemota yako. Inoiswa yakananga painjini uye inoshandura simba rekupisa reinjini kuti riite mhepo inotyaira mavhiri.

Gearbox mutoro wekutyaira zvakanaka. Nekuchinja magiya, unova nechokwadi chekuti RPM (rpm) inochengetwa yakaderera kuitira kuti injini isaremerwe uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kunoderedzwa. Iyo yekufambisa ine basa rekushandura kumhanya uye kukurumidza kuita simba, iyo inozotyaira mota yese, uye chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuita kuti injini ishande sezvinobvira nekudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta uchiwana simba rakawanda.

Mune mamwe mazwi, kutapurirana kunoshanda nekufambisa simba kubva muinjini kuenda kumavhiri kuburikidza nedhiraivha shaft uye axle, zvichikubvumidza kuti utungamire mota.

Zvese izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa magiya uye giya reshiyo inosarudzwa nemutyairi ega kana nemaoko.

Mumotokari ine manual transmission, batira ichabatanidza injini uye kutapurirana kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuchinja magiya paunodzvanya clutch pedal. IN otomatiki gearbox, izvi zvinoitika zvoga.

Mubhuku rebasa unogona kuona rinhi nguva yekuchinja mafuta egiya. Icho chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirisa chero motokari uye kazhinji inosanganisirwa mukuongororwa kwebasa. Kunyangwe zvinhu zvidiki zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kubhokisi regiya. Naizvozvo, kana ukaona kuti haiite sezvayaiita, unofanira kufonera makanika kuti aiongorore.

Iwe kana ukafunga kugadzirisa gearbox iwe pachako, heino gwara.

Kana wava kuda kutenga motokari, zvingava pfungwa yakanaka kufunga kuti ndeipi gearbox yekusarudza, nokuti mamwe makirasi emotokari anayo. Muchikamu chino, tichakubatsira kuti utange kuitira kuti uite sarudzo yakarurama. Isu tichakubatsirawo kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwemhando dzakawanda dzemagiya mabhokisi anoshandiswa mumotokari dzanhasi uye nemabatiro aanoita.

Manual kutapurirana vs otomatiki kutapurirana

Mota ine dhizaini yekufambisa ine 5 kana 6 yekumberi magiya uye 1 reverse giya, pakati peiyo mutyairi anochinja, nepo mota dzine otomatiki transmission dzinoita dzinodiwa giya inoshanduka otomatiki.

Varidzi vemota dzeBritish vane tsika uye vanonyanya kushanda nemanyorero ekufambisa. Autobutler mechanics inofungidzira kuti inosvika 80% yezvikepe zvese zveBritish mota ine manyorerwo ekufambisa. Nekudaro, mukati memakore makumi matatu apfuura, huwandu hwemotokari dzeotomatiki mumugwagwa dzakawedzera zvakanyanya.

Muna 1985 chete 5% yemotokari dzeBritish dzaive neautomatic transmission uye nhasi 20% yavo mota ine automatic transmission. Muna 2017 40% yemota dzinotengeswa mumusika weUK dzaive neautomatic transmission. - saka maBritish ari kuwedzera kujaira kurudzi urwu rwekutapurirana.

Zvakanakira kutyaira mota otomatiki ndezvekuti haufanirwe kuchinja magiya zvachose. Ndezvekunyaradza. Kunyanya kana uchityaira mutraffic, zvakanaka kwazvo kuve neotomatiki kutapurirana saka haufanirwe kuisa pfungwa pakuchinja magiya.

Zvisinei, kana iwe ukatenga motokari ine bhuku rekufambisa, iwe unonakidzwa nekunzwa kwekutonga uye kubata paunenge uchichinja magiya. Vazhinji varidzi vemotokari vanofarira manzwiro ekuva nemanyorero ekufambisa. Kunze kweizvozvo, kune dzimwe mota zvinoita sekunge bhuku rekufambisa rakachipa kuchengetedza mukufamba kwenguva.

Automatic transmission - kuti inoshanda sei

Iyo "yakajairika" otomatiki kutapurirana inodzorwa nemagetsi mugiya bhokisi uye inofambiswa neiyo hydraulic system. Uye sezvo giya bhokisi rakagadzirirwa kuchinjira kune giya idzva kana ichichinja kumhanya kwemotokari, izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti hupfumi hwemafuta eiyo otomatiki kutapurirana kwakanaka.

Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, mutyairi wemotokari haafaniri kuchinja magiya nemaoko. Iwo anonyanya kujaira shift lever marongero ndiP yepaki, R yekudzosera kumashure, N yekusarerekera, uye D yekutyaira.

Verenga zvakawanda pane yedu blog pa sei kutyaira ne otomatiki hutachiwana.

Automatic transmissions inowanzogadzirwa kuitira kuti pakati pegiya pane cogwheel hombe - iyo "giya rezuva" - rinoendesa simba kubva muinjini. Kutenderedza giya regiya kune akati wandei magiya madiki anonzi mapuraneti giya (akafanana nemapuraneti akatenderedza zuva). Vane hukuru hwakasiyana, uye vanogonawo kubatanidzwa uye kuparadzaniswa. Kuvakomberedza kune rimwe giya rakakura rinoendesa simba kubva kumagiya emapuraneti, iro rinobva raendesa simba kumavhiri. Gearshifts inoitika mukusanduka kusina musono pakati pemagiya akasiyana epasi, achigadzira kufamba kwakapfava uye kwakanyarara kupfuura kana waifanira kubvisa uye kubata clutch nemagiya emaoko.

Mota zhinji dzakadai Ford ine vhezheni yeotomatiki kutapurirana inonzi Power Shift. Izvi zvinoshanda nekuita kuti magiya apindure zvakatonyanya kudzvanya accelerator uye nekudaro kuwana zvirinani kudhonza, saka kana ukadzvanya zvine simba pane inomhanya, mota inogona kumhanyisa zvirinani uye nekukurumidza.

Pamusoro pezvo, pamusika pane CVT (Inoenderera Variable Transmission) gearbox. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuvapo kweketani imwe chete kana bhanhire, iyo inogadziriswa pakati pemadhiramu maviri zvichienderana nekukurumidza uye marevolutions. Nekudaro, mune ino otomatiki kutapurirana, shanduko yacho yakapfava kupfuura iyo yegiya bhokisi rine magiya uye shafts.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kugara uchigadzirisa zvizere otomatiki mota kutapurirana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti giya bhokisi rinowanzo kutungamira kukuvadza uye kupfeka nekufamba kwenguva kupfuura bhuku regiya bhokisi uko batira zviri nyore kupfeka. Kuti uongorore sevhisi, kuendesa otomatiki kwakazara kunofanirwa kucheneswa madhipoziti uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvine chekuita nekupfeka mumafuta ekufambisa.

Semi otomatiki kutapurirana

Mune semi-otomatiki kutapurirana, iyo clutch ichiri chikamu chekutapurirana (asi kwete clutch pedal), nepo komputa ichiita kuti giya rifambe otomatiki.

Mashandiro anoita semi-otomatiki kutapurirana mukuita akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kumota kuenda kumota. Mune dzimwe mota, hapana chaunoita kana uchichinja magiya uye unogona kurega injini nemagetsi zvikuitira basa rese.

Mune vamwe, iwe unofanirwa "kuudza" injini kana iwe uchida kusimudza kana kuderera. Iwe unosundidzira shift lever munzira yaunoda, uye ipapo zvemagetsi zvinoshandura magiya kwauri. Shanduko chaiyo inoitwa mune inonzi "kutyaira".

Chekupedzisira, dzimwe mota dzinokupa sarudzo yekuzvisarudzira iwe kana iwe uchida kusununguka maoko zvachose kana kushandisa shift lever kuchinja magiya.

Kubva pakuona kwemari, kutenga motokari ine semi-otomatiki transmission inogona kubatsira nokuti inoda zvishoma kugadzirisa munguva refu. Kana chimwe chinhu chikatyoka mukufambiswa kwakazara otomatiki, makanika anofanirwa kunyura mukati mekutapurirana kuti agadzirise, izvo zvinogona kudhura. Iine semi-otomatiki transmissions, une clutch inopfeka zvakanyanya, kwete giya bhokisi, uye clutch yakachipa kugadzirisa pane giya bhokisi.

Mota dzinowanzo shongedzerwa semi-otomatiki transmissions Peugeot, Citroen, Volkswagen, Audi, Kukuvadza и chigaro. Ehe, mhando yega yega inogona kuve neyayo dhizaini dhizaini, asi aya ndiwo akajairika mhando dzemotokari dzinoshandisa semi-otomatiki system.

DSG gearbox

The DSG hutachiwana ari muchinjikwa pakati Chinyorwa uye otomatiki hutachiwana nokuti motokari ine clutch. Izvi zvakasiyana nemamwe zvizere otomatiki transmissions. Iko hakuna clutch pedal, asi basa reiyo clutch pachayo rinochengetwa mune mbiri clutch, iyo inovimbisa nyore uye nekukurumidza giya shanduko.

Iri bhokisi regiya rinonyanya kuwanikwa mumotokari dzeAudi, Škoda neVolkswagen uye nekudaro kazhinji mumotokari huru dzeGermany.

Mamwe ematambudziko neDSG kutapurirana ndeokuti iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera nezvekuchengetedza kwayo. Kana iwe usingashumire DSG kutapurirana uye ita shuwa kuti gearbox mafuta uye mafuta sefa yakachinja, inogona kugara kwenguva pfupi kana ichienzaniswa nemafambisirwo emaoko. Zvinoshuvira kuva nazvo kuongororwa kwebasa ose 38,000 mamaira sezvo magiya ari giya bhokisi anogona kukuvadzwa kupfeka-ane chokuita neguruva uye deposits.

Sequential hutachiwana

Dzimwe mota dzine giya bhokisi rinotevedzana apo, sekureva kunoita zita, unofanirwa kushandura giya rega rega kunyangwe uri kukwirisa kana kudzika. Saka iwe unoshandura magiya zvakateedzana pane maviri magiya, uye kusiyana nemanyorero ekufambisa, unogona kungochinja mugiya rinouya risati rasvika kana mushure meiyo yazvino. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti magiya ari mumutsara, kusiyana neiyo H fomati yaunoziva kubva kumanyorero ekufambisa. Chekupedzisira, chakanakira ndechekuti iwe unogona kushandura magiya nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza kukwirisa, ndosaka inoteedzana gearbox inoshandiswa mumotokari zhinji dzemujaho.

Active switching control

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Hyundai yakagadzira yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yekutapurirana mumotokari dzakasanganiswa. Motokari yehybrid yakakosha pakuti ine zvese peturu uye injini yemagetsi. Kubatsira kukuru kwemota iyi ndeyekuti inoshandisa mota yemagetsi panguva iyo mota dzepeturu dzinopedza mafuta akawanda, kunyanya kana dzichitanga nekumhanyisa.

Mune mamwe mazwi: kana kushandiswa kwemafuta kuri pamusoro, mota yehybrid inoshandisa mota yemagetsi. Izvi zvinopa hupfumi hwakanaka hwemafuta uye zvakanakira nharaunda.

Nekudaro, tekinoroji yeActive Shift Control inotowedzera hupfumi hwemafuta, kuchinjika uye kutapurirana hupenyu hurefu. Muchiitiko ichi, kukurumidza kunova nani.

Iri ibasa reiyo ASC system, inozivikanwawo sePrecise Shift Control, iyo inokwidziridza kukurumidza uye kuendesa simba kumavhiri nekugadzirisa kukurumidza kwekuchinja. Izvi zvinowanikwa ne sensor mumotokari yemagetsi inoona kumhanya mubhokisi regiya, rinobva rawiriraniswa nemota yemagetsi. Uyu anobva apindira pakuchinja magiya. Neiyi nzira, kurasikirwa kwesimba kunosvika makumi matatu muzana kunogona kudzivirirwa nekuda kwekuchinja kwakapfava, kana mota yemagetsi ichichengetedza kumhanya kwemotokari kwakakwira mukati mekuchinja kwese. Nguva yekuchinja yakaderedzwa kubva pa30 milliseconds kusvika 500 milliseconds, uye kupesana mubhokisi regiya kushoma, izvo zvinowedzera hupenyu hwebasa.

Iyo tekinoroji iri kuunzwa kutanga mumotokari dzeHyundai hybrid uyezve mumamodhi akasimbiswa eKia.

Zvese nezve gearbox / kutapurirana

• Ita kuti kutumira kwako kugare kwenguva refu
• Chii chinonzi automatic transmissions?
• Best mutengo kana uchityaira ne otomatiki hutachiwana
• Maitiro ekuchinja giya